Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4210849835', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.01.005', 'title': 'Eugenics and photography in Britain, the USA and Australia 1870–1940', 'display_name': 'Eugenics and photography in Britain, the USA and Australia 1870–1940', 'publication_year': 2022, 'publication_date': '2022-02-07', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4210849835', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.01.005', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35144217'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.01.005', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S21220828', 'display_name': 'Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A', 'issn_l': '0039-3681', 'issn': ['0039-3681', '1879-2510'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009221450', 'display_name': 'Anne Maxwell', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9595-2423'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165779595', 'display_name': 'University of Melbourne', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ej9dk98', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165779595']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Anne Maxwell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Culture and Communication, University of Melbourne, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Culture and Communication, University of Melbourne, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165779595']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5009221450'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165779595'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2740, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2740, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.609, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 2, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.970045, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 70, 'max': 76}, 'biblio': {'volume': '92', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '71', 'last_page': '85'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13332', 'display_name': 'Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes', 'score': 0.9657, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13332', 'display_name': 'Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes', 'score': 0.9657, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11420', 'display_name': 'Geographies of human-animal interactions', 'score': 0.9615, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3305', 'display_name': 'Geography, Planning and Development'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12868', 'display_name': 'Photography and Visual Culture', 'score': 0.9601, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics', 'display_name': 'Eugenics', 'score': 0.98139846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/galtons-problem', 'display_name': "Galton's problem", 'score': 0.94065857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cousin', 'display_name': 'Cousin', 'score': 0.58816326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/white', 'display_name': 'White (mutation)', 'score': 0.54628175}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140610115', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170480', 'display_name': 'Eugenics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.98139846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51779217', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5519373', 'display_name': "Galton's problem", 'level': 2, 'score': 0.94065857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119657128', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633', 'display_name': 'Photography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6706302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779879524', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23009870', 'display_name': 'Cousin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58816326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5781186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778449503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777', 'display_name': 'Appeal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55917835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56273599', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841', 'display_name': 'White (mutation)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.54628175}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158071213', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257', 'display_name': 'Ideology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.53694797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50069475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76509639', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036', 'display_name': 'Race (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48215955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C53553401', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307', 'display_name': 'Genealogy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40761617}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107993555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673', 'display_name': 'Gender studies', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35551268}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33981287}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31000078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.26081893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153349607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649', 'display_name': 'Visual arts', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16978785}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15528414}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14095384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13686538}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10078785}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D005053', 'descriptor_name': 'Eugenics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012952', 'descriptor_name': 'Societies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001315', 'descriptor_name': 'Australia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049673', 'descriptor_name': 'History, 20th Century', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010781', 'descriptor_name': 'Photography', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006113', 'descriptor_name': 'United Kingdom', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.01.005', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S21220828', 'display_name': 'Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A', 'issn_l': '0039-3681', 'issn': ['0039-3681', '1879-2510'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35144217', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320974', 'funder_display_name': 'University of Melbourne', 'award_id': None}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 28, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1427370', 'https://openalex.org/W1434613086', 'https://openalex.org/W1487022677', 'https://openalex.org/W1487024702', 'https://openalex.org/W1504141261', 'https://openalex.org/W1552827726', 'https://openalex.org/W1741423089', 'https://openalex.org/W1992623296', 'https://openalex.org/W2034158279', 'https://openalex.org/W2048655115', 'https://openalex.org/W2078417691', 'https://openalex.org/W2078498481', 'https://openalex.org/W2080504696', 'https://openalex.org/W2141306421', 'https://openalex.org/W2153125102', 'https://openalex.org/W2218161573', 'https://openalex.org/W2274563491', 'https://openalex.org/W2313229582', 'https://openalex.org/W2334644880', 'https://openalex.org/W2775476236', 'https://openalex.org/W2902081661', 'https://openalex.org/W2984633617', 'https://openalex.org/W3034209205', 'https://openalex.org/W4230762936', 'https://openalex.org/W4233022259', 'https://openalex.org/W4289257424', 'https://openalex.org/W4301167889', 'https://openalex.org/W567382161'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4253526862', 'https://openalex.org/W4230652992', 'https://openalex.org/W4210849835', 'https://openalex.org/W3042360533', 'https://openalex.org/W2933905565', 'https://openalex.org/W2258653785', 'https://openalex.org/W2136970710', 'https://openalex.org/W2111917031', 'https://openalex.org/W1918787932', 'https://openalex.org/W128228577'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210849835', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T23:44:13.723406', 'created_date': '2022-02-09'}