First report of transmission of a highly resistant strain of HIV-1 group O

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Guillemette Unal; Thomas Mourez; Marie Leoz; Elodie Alessandri-Gradt; Hélène Le Guillou‐Guillemette; Jean-Marie Chennebault; Agnès Depatureaux; Laurence Meyer; Jean‐Christophe Plantier
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570, 645, 691, 746, 768, 783, 820, 959, 1025, 1079, 1109, 1131], 'estimate': [20], 'the': [21, 68, 88, 93, 104, 121, 128, 199, 273, 281, 294, 299, 304, 421, 426, 495, 519, 532, 545, 574, 625, 637, 662, 685, 747, 753, 756, 759, 764, 769, 778, 825, 832, 879, 961, 1013, 1019, 1057, 1082, 1085, 1111, 1117, 1125, 1143, 1153, 1475, 1480], 'prevalence': [22, 57, 364, 1007], 'and': [23, 81, 127, 147, 155, 173, 253, 303, 307, 310, 332, 347, 355, 389, 405, 483, 493, 499, 541, 568, 603, 669, 700, 706, 719, 738, 763, 771, 803, 871, 887, 897, 903, 923, 926, 1051, 1093, 1101, 1113, 1119, 1140, 1149, 1162, 1171, 1182, 1194, 1214, 1241, 1255, 1265, 1273, 1281, 1292, 1310, 1318, 1330, 1338, 1346, 1362, 1370, 1378, 1392, 1403, 1411, 1422, 1431, 1442, 1450, 1462, 1479], 'rates': [24], 'viruses': [26, 141, 221, 239, 376], 'transmitted': [28, 538], 'evolution': [31, 569], '(TDR)': [32], '[1].': [33], 'Prevalence': [34], 'studies': [35], 'on': [36, 51, 65, 1103], 'TDR': [37, 59, 66, 241], 'among': [38, 1012], 'pandemic': [39], 'HIV-1': [40, 70, 621], 'group': [41, 71], 'M': [42, 1464], '(HIV-1/M)': [43], 'are': [44, 63, 179, 581, 817, 968, 1107, 1129, 1494], 'common': [45], '[1–4];': [46], 'more': [47, 208, 971], 'recently,': [48], 'work': [49], 'focusing': [50], 'HIV-2': [52, 156, 1052], 'has': [53, 99], 'shown': [54, 969], 'a': [55, 112, 205, 235, 319, 362, 378, 414, 605, 681, 936, 941, 1006, 1026, 1040, 1044], '5%': [56], '[5].': [60], 'No': [61], 'data': [62, 490, 702, 1004, 1030, 1055], 'available': [64, 124, 491, 884], 'for': [67, 153, 212, 222, 251, 263, 278, 330, 344, 387, 399, 596, 665, 750, 831, 885, 1032, 1049, 1097, 1124, 1137, 1486], 'divergent': [69], 'O': [72], '(HIV-1/O).': [73], 'HIV-1/O': [74, 139, 213, 266, 309, 457, 497, 894, 1122], 'infection': [75, 97], 'endemic': [77], 'Cameroon': [79, 118, 666], '[6,7],': [80], 'found': [82, 339, 721, 1031, 1039], 'sporadically': [83], 'outside': [84], '[6,8–11].': [85], 'In': [86, 952], 'France,': [87, 126], 'RES-O': [89, 1126], 'network': [90], 'that': [91, 138], 'monitors': [92], 'dynamics': [94], 'this': [96, 551, 585, 1104], '[12]': [98], 'identified': [100], '143': [101], 'since': [103, 119], 'first': [105], 'case': [106], 'was': [107, 232, 441, 455, 521, 592, 613, 640, 649, 688], 'reported': [108], '1992.': [110], 'As': [111, 177, 204, 518], 'result': [113, 206], 'treatment': [115], 'accessibility': [116], '2007,': [120, 735, 856, 858, 920], 'numerous': [122, 557], 'drugs': [123, 436], 'strong': [129], 'links': [130], 'between': [131, 503, 539, 882, 892], 'these': [132, 145, 373, 741], 'two': [133, 167, 192, 833], 'countries,': [134], 'we': [135, 317, 1038], 'can': [136], 'hypothesize': [137], 'resistant': [140, 182, 202, 511, 533], 'may': [142], 'circulate': [143], 'countries': [146], 'be': [148], 'transmitted,': [149], 'as': [150, 259, 594, 1047], 'previously': [151, 260, 314], 'described': [152, 261, 277, 315, 749, 1048], 'HIV-1/M': [154, 279, 311, 751, 1033, 1050], '[4,5].': [157], 'Indeed,': [158], 'Cameroon,': [160], 'first-line': [161, 224], 'combined': [162], 'antiretroviral': [163], 'therapy': [164], '(cART)': [165], 'contained': [166], 'nucleosidic': [168], 'reverse': [169, 254, 335, 351, 392, 406], 'transcriptase': [170, 255, 352], 'inhibitor': [171], '(NRTI)': [172], 'one': [174, 350, 418], 'non-NRTI': [175], '(NNRTI).': [176], 'HIV-1/Os': [178], 'considered': [180, 318], 'naturally': [181], 'NNRTI,': [184], 'those': [185], 'treated': [187, 1073], 'were': [188, 257, 338, 743, 837, 932, 957], 'thereby': [189], 'exposed': [190], 'effective': [193], 'therapies,': [195], 'which': [196], 'could': [197, 535], 'favour': [198, 583], 'emergence': [200], 'viruses.': [203, 633], 'limited': [209], 'therapeutic': [210], 'options': [211], '[11],': [214], 'it': [215], 'essential': [217], 'identify': [219], 'such': [220], 'appropriate': [223], 'cART': [225, 269], 'management.': [226], 'The': [227, 394, 677, 806, 822, 889], 'aim': [228], 'our': [230, 1003], 'study': [231], 'perform': [234], 'molecular': [236], 'survey': [237], 'ARV-naive': [243], 'HIV-1/O-infected': [244, 1065], 'living': [246], 'France.': [248], 'Resistance': [249, 324], 'sequences': [250, 329, 343, 386, 883, 900, 904], 'protease': [252, 331, 345, 896], 'regions': [256], 'obtained,': [258], '[12],': [262, 316], '41': [264], 'positive': [267, 458], 'before': [268, 452, 492], 'initiation.': [270], 'According': [271, 767], 'lists': [274, 748], 'by': [280, 478, 752, 934], 'Agence': [282], 'nationale': [283], 'de': [284, 1437, 1477, 1482], 'Recherche': [285], 'sur': [286], 'le': [287], 'SIDA': [288], 'et': [289], 'les': [290], 'hépatites': [291], 'virales': [292], '(ANRS),': [293], 'International': [295], 'Antiviral': [296], 'Society': [297], '(IAS)-USA,': [298], 'Stanford': [300, 760, 772], 'database': [301, 761], '[13,14],': [302, 762], '[15],': [306], 'natural': [312], 'polymorphisms': [313], 'list': [320], 'six': [322], 'Transmitted': [323, 709], 'Mutations': [325], '(TRM)': [326], 'four': [333], 'transcriptase.': [336, 393], 'They': [337], 'three': [341, 358], '(7.1%)': [346], 'only': [349], '(2.4%)': [353], 'sequence': [354, 416], 'corresponded': [356, 412], 'patients,': [359, 507, 1066], 'leading': [360], 'TRM': [363, 396, 1009], '7.3%': [366, 1011], '(confidence': [367], 'interval': [368], '95%:': [369], '2.72–16.5).': [370], 'Two': [371], 'had': [375, 446, 604], 'single': [379], 'mutation,': [380], 'F53Y': [381], 'or': [382, 431, 785, 1034], 'A71I,': [383], 'protease,': [388], 'none': [390], 'other': [395], '(resistance': [397], 'protease:': [400], 'M46V,': [401], 'I54V,': [402], 'I84V,': [403], 'L90M,': [404], 'transcriptase:': [407], 'D67N,': [408], 'T69N,': [409], 'G190A,': [410], 'K219Q)': [411], 'unique': [415], 'patient': [419, 639, 663, 704, 707, 811, 1042], '(RBF218);': [420], 'complete': [422], 'profile': [424, 781], 'strain': [427, 534, 1046], 'led': [428, 469, 782], 'partial': [432, 786, 898], 'multiple': [435], '(Fig.': [437, 481, 516, 553, 566, 579], '1a).': [438], 'This': [439], 'man': [440], 'married': [442], 'RBF132,': [444], 'who': [445], 'received': [447, 813], '11': [448], 'different': [449, 462, 646, 807], 'ARV': [450], 'lines': [451], 'her': [453, 487, 514, 815, 1098], 'husband': [454], 'diagnosed': [456], '08/2010.': [460], 'Her': [461], 'regimens,': [464], 'uncontrolled': [467], 'replication,': [468], 'sequential': [471, 488], 'selection': [472], 'many': [474], 'mutations,': [476], 'objectified': [477], 'genotyping': [480, 489], '1a': [482], 'b).': [484], 'Analysis': [485], 'after': [494, 668], "RBF218's": [496], 'diagnosis,': [498, 590], 'phylogenetic': [501, 701, 880, 890], 'relationships': [502, 881, 891], 'strains': [504], 'both': [506], 'confirmed': [508], 'transmission': [509], 'virus': [512, 612], 'partner': [515, 1071], '1a–c).': [517], 'pattern': [520], 'identical': [522], 'from': [523, 839], 'April': [524, 732, 855, 917], '2004': [525, 540], 'August': [527, 564, 717, 736, 865, 921], '2007': [528], '(data': [529], 'not': [530, 689], 'shown),': [531], 'have': [536], 'been': [537], '2008,': [542, 860, 862], 'consistent': [543], 'high': [546], 'level': [547], 'replication': [549], 'during': [550, 814], 'period': [552], '1b).': [554], 'Presence': [555], 'mixed': [558], 'populations': [559], "RBF132's": [561], 'sample': [562, 576, 715, 929], '2010': [565, 654, 718], '1a),': [567], 'wild': [571], 'virus,': [572], 'last': [575], '2012': [578], '1a)': [580], 'hypothesis.': [586], 'At': [587], 'time': [588], 'RBF218': [591, 714, 928], 'classified': [593], 'Center': [595], 'Disease': [597], 'Control': [598], 'C': [599, 1387, 1390], 'AIDS': [600], 'clinical': [601], 'category': [602], 'CD4+': [606], 'cell': [607], 'count': [608], '415/μl;': [610], 'his': [611], 'highly': [614, 630], 'replicative': [615], '(4.8': [616], 'log10': [617], 'copies/ml': [618], 'RealTime': [620], 'assay,': [622], 'Abbott),': [623], 'validating': [624], 'transmissibility': [626], 'potential': [627], 'even': [629], 'mutated': [631], 'HIV-1/O-resistant': [632], 'Therapeutic': [634], 'management': [635], 'recipient': [638], 'complicated': [641], 'because': [642, 693], 'classes.': [647], 'Treatment': [648], 'initiated': [650], 'immediately': [651], 'September': [653, 728, 734, 857, 913, 919], 'lamivudine': [656], '+': [657, 659, 943, 945], 'abacavir': [658], 'darunavir/ritonavir,': [660], 'but': [661, 687, 1018], 'left': [664], 'soon': [667], 'died': [670], 'February': [672, 863, 872], '2011': [673], 'unknown': [675], 'reasons.': [676], 'question': [678], 'arose': [679], 'higher': [682], 'virulence': [683], 'strain,': [686], 'possible': [690], 'prove': [692], 'short': [695], 'follow-up.Fig.': [696], '1:': [697], 'Genotypic,': [698], 'therapeutic,': [699], 'RBF132': [705, 723, 812, 886, 909], 'RBF218.(a)': [708], 'observed': [712], 'samples': [724, 840, 910], 'January': [726, 730, 845, 853, 915], '2001,': [727, 729, 846, 848, 912, 914], '2003,': [731, 916], '2004,': [733, 852, 918], '2010,': [737, 864, 866, 922], 'March': [739, 867, 869, 924], '2012;': [740], 'defined': [744, 775], 'according': [745, 819], 'ANRS': [754, 770], '(http://www.hivfrenchresistance.org/2015/Algo-sep-2015.pdf),': [755], 'IAS-USA': [757], '(https://www.iasusa.org/tam/article/update-drug-resistance-mutations-hiv-1-march-2013),': [758], '[15].': [766], 'algorithms': [774], '2015,': [777], "RB218's": [779], 'against': [788], 'atazanavir,': [789], 'darunavir,': [790], 'fosamprenavir,': [791], 'indinavir,': [792], 'lopinavir,': [793], 'nelfinavir,': [794], 'saquinavir,': [795], 'tipranavir,': [796], 'didanosine,': [797], 'stavudine,': [798], 'zidovudine,': [799], 'efavirenz,': [800], 'etravirine,': [801], 'nevirapine,': [802], 'rilpivirine.': [804], '(b)': [805], 'ART': [808], 'regimens': [809], 'follow-up': [816], 'represented': [818], 'time.': [821], 'stars': [823], 'represent': [824], 'date': [826], 'genotypic': [828], 'tests': [830], 'patients.': [834], 'Viral': [835], 'loads': [836], 'obtained': [838, 907], 'collected': [841], 'November': [843, 861], '1997,': [844], 'December': [847], 'October': [849], '2002,': [850], 'June': [851, 859], '2006,': [854], '2011,': [868], '2012,': [870], '2013.': [873], '(c)': [874], 'Maximum': [875], 'likelihood': [876, 938], 'tree': [877, 939], 'representing': [878], 'RBF218.': [888], '39': [893], 'pol': [895], 'RT': [899], '(987': [901], 'nucleotides)': [902], '(in': [905], 'bold)': [906], '(January': [911], '2012)': [925], '(August': [930], '2010)': [931], 'investigated': [933], 'inferring': [935], 'maximum': [937], 'GTR': [942], 'Γ': [944], 'I': [946], 'substitution': [947], 'model': [948], 'using': [949], 'MEGA5': [950], '[18].': [951], 'total,': [953], '500': [954], 'bootstrap': [955, 966], 'replicates': [956], 'performed': [958], 'assess': [960], 'reliability': [962], 'each': [964], 'node;': [965], 'values': [967], 'when': [970], 'than': [972], '70%.': [973], 'AZT,': [974], 'zidovudine;': [975], 'DDI,': [976], 'didanosine;': [977], 'DDC,': [978], 'zalcitabine;': [979], '3TC,': [980], 'lamivudine;': [981], 'D4T,': [982], 'stavudine;': [983], 'RTV,': [984], 'ritonavir;': [985], 'IDV,': [986], 'indinavir;': [987], 'EFV,': [988], 'efavirenz;': [989], 'TDF,': [990], 'tenofovir;': [991], 'LPV/r,': [992], 'lopinavir/ritonavir;': [993], 'FTC,': [994], 'emtricitabine;': [995], 'DRV/r,': [996], 'darunavir/ritonavir;': [997], 'RAL,': [998], 'raltegravir;': [999], 'T20,': [1000], 'enfuvirtide).In': [1001], 'conclusion,': [1002], 'showed': [1005], 'HIV-1/O-positive': [1014], 'France;': [1017], 'very': [1020], 'small': [1021], 'population': [1022], 'here': [1023], 'leads': [1024], 'difficult': [1027], 'comparison': [1028], 'HIV-2.': [1035], 'Among': [1036], 'them,': [1037], 'treatment-naïve': [1041], 'presenting': [1043], 'multidrug-resistant': [1045], '[16,17].': [1053], 'These': [1054], 'support': [1056], 'need': [1058], 'performing': [1060], 'pre-cART': [1061], 'analysis': [1063], 'especially': [1067], 'whose': [1070], 'cART.': [1075], 'Acknowledgements': [1076], 'We': [1077, 1106, 1128, 1472], 'wish': [1078], 'thank': [1080, 1474], 'all': [1081, 1110], 'staff': [1083], 'Laboratory': [1086], 'Virology': [1088], 'at': [1089], 'Rouen': [1090, 1134, 1478], 'University': [1091, 1135], 'Hospital,': [1092, 1136], 'Professor': [1094, 1199, 1246, 1249, 1262, 1274, 1293, 1343, 1419, 1432, 1451], 'Diane': [1095], 'Descamps': [1096], 'helpful': [1099], 'insights': [1100], 'comments': [1102], 'manuscript.': [1105], 'indebted': [1108], 'physicians': [1112], 'biologists': [1114], 'involved': [1115], 'identification': [1118], 'infections': [1123], 'network.': [1127], 'grateful': [1130], 'Nikki': [1132], 'Sabourin-Gibbs,': [1133], 'writing': [1138], 'assistance': [1139], 'review': [1141], 'manuscript': [1144], 'English.': [1146], 'Clinical': [1147], 'investigators': [1148, 1151], 'French': [1154], 'RES-O:': [1155], 'Dr': [1156, 1159, 1163, 1168, 1172, 1176, 1179, 1183, 1187, 1191, 1195, 1202, 1205, 1208, 1211, 1215, 1219, 1223, 1227, 1231, 1235, 1238, 1242, 1252, 1256, 1259, 1266, 1270, 1278, 1282, 1286, 1289, 1297, 1303, 1307, 1311, 1315, 1319, 1323, 1327, 1331, 1335, 1339, 1347, 1351, 1354, 1358, 1363, 1367, 1371, 1375, 1379, 1383, 1386, 1389, 1393, 1397, 1400, 1404, 1408, 1412, 1416, 1423, 1428, 1439, 1443, 1447, 1455, 1459, 1463, 1467], 'J.': [1157, 1169, 1304, 1417, 1429], 'Chennebault,': [1158], 'P.': [1160, 1200, 1275, 1312, 1355, 1368, 1376], 'Fialaire,': [1161], 'H.': [1164, 1243], 'Le': [1165, 1360], 'Guillou-Guillemette': [1166], '(Angers)': [1167], 'Gaillat': [1170], 'B.': [1173, 1220, 1283], 'Chanzy': [1174], '(Annecy)': [1175], 'P': [1177], 'Genet,': [1178], 'V': [1180], 'Daneluzzi,': [1181], 'L.': [1184, 1328], 'Courdavault': [1185], '(Argenteuil/Nanterre)': [1186], 'R.': [1188, 1203], 'Fior': [1189], '(Béclère)': [1190], 'C.': [1192, 1212, 1224, 1232, 1290, 1320, 1424], 'Chirouze': [1193], 'D.': [1196, 1287, 1294], 'Bettinger': [1197], '(Besançon)': [1198], 'Yeni,': [1201], 'Landman,': [1204], 'U.': [1206], 'Colasante,': [1207], 'X.': [1209], 'Duval,': [1210], 'Rioux,': [1213], 'F.': [1216, 1236, 1420, 1433, 1448], 'Damond': [1217], '(Bichat)': [1218], 'Masquelier': [1221], '(Bordeaux)': [1222], 'Dupont': [1225], '(Boulogne-Billancourt)': [1226], 'G.': [1228, 1257, 1336, 1359, 1364], 'Otterbein': [1229], '(Bry-sur-Marne)': [1230], 'Henquell': [1233], '(Clermont-Ferrand)': [1234], 'Cordonnier,': [1237], 'M.': [1239, 1267, 1298, 1324], 'Bloch,': [1240], 'Ichou': [1244], '(Colombes)': [1245], 'Y.': [1247, 1440], 'Levy,': [1248], 'J-D': [1250], 'Lelievre,': [1251], 'A-S': [1253], 'Lascaux-Cametez,': [1254], 'Melica-Gregoire,': [1258], 'S.': [1260, 1460], 'Dominguez,': [1261], 'J-M': [1263], 'Pawlotsky,': [1264], 'Bouvier-Alias': [1268], '(Créteil)': [1269], 'A.': [1271, 1372, 1401, 1405, 1409], 'Waldner': [1272], 'Pothier': [1276], '(Dijon)': [1277], 'J-P.': [1279], 'Pathe': [1280], 'Olivier': [1284], '(Evreux)': [1285], 'Zucman,': [1288], 'Majerholc,': [1291], 'Vignon': [1295], '(Foch)': [1296], 'Wirden': [1299], '(La': [1300], 'Pitié': [1301], 'Salpetrière)': [1302], 'Ceccaldi': [1305], '(Libourne)': [1306], 'T.': [1308], 'Lambolez': [1309], 'Barbut': [1313], '(Longjumeau)': [1314], 'I.': [1316, 1380, 1413], 'Poizot-Martin': [1317], 'Tamalet': [1321], '(Marseille)': [1322], 'Echard': [1325], '(Montfermeil)': [1326], 'Rafenne': [1329], 'F-X.': [1332], 'Huchet': [1333], '(Montsouris)': [1334], 'Beck-Wirth': [1337], 'J-M.': [1340, 1352, 1398], 'Delarbre': [1341], '(Mulhouse)': [1342], 'V.': [1344, 1394], 'Ferre': [1345], 'E.': [1348], 'Garnier': [1349], '(Nantes)': [1350], 'Descamps,': [1353], 'Deleplanque': [1356], '(Niort)': [1357], 'Moal': [1361], 'Giraudeau': [1365], '(Poitiers)': [1366], 'Castiel': [1369], 'SI-Mohamed': [1373], '(Pompidou),': [1374], 'Perfezou': [1377], 'Dorval': [1381], '(Quimper),': [1382], 'J-L': [1384], 'Berger,': [1385], 'Rouger,': [1388], 'Strady,': [1391], 'Brodard': [1395], '(Reims)': [1396], 'Chappelain,': [1399], 'Maillard,': [1402], 'Ruffault': [1406], '(Rennes)': [1407], 'Depatureaux': [1410], 'Gueit': [1414], '(Rouen),': [1415], 'Pavie,': [1418], 'Simon,': [1421], 'Delaugerre': [1425], '(Saint': [1426], 'Louis),': [1427], 'Deleuze': [1430], 'Rozenberg': [1434], '(Cochin-Saint': [1435], 'Vincent': [1436], 'Paul),': [1438], 'Leveneur': [1441], 'M-F.': [1444], 'Danjoux': [1445], '(Tarbes),': [1446], 'Bani-Sadr': [1449], 'J-C.': [1452], 'Nicolas': [1453], '(Tenon)': [1454], 'M-D.': [1456], 'Tabone': [1457], '(Trousseau)': [1458], 'Roussin-Bretagne': [1461], 'Harzic': [1465], '(Versailles)': [1466], 'J-D.': [1468], 'Poveda': [1469], '(Laboratoire': [1470], 'Cerba)': [1471], 'also': [1473], 'CHU': [1476], 'Institut': [1481], 'Veille': [1483], 'Sanitaire': [1484], '(InVs)': [1485], 'providing': [1487], 'financial': [1488], 'support.': [1489], 'Conflicts': [1490], 'interest': [1492], 'There': [1493], 'no': [1495], 'conflicts': [1496], 'interest.': [1498]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2528271236', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-27T11:06:53.715799', 'created_date': '2016-10-14'}
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