Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2149075545', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22936', 'title': 'Hepatitis C virus replication in patients with occult hepatitis C virus infection', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C virus replication in patients with occult hepatitis C virus infection', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-04-07', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2149075545', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22936', 'mag': '2149075545', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19475689'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22936', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S156174673', 'display_name': 'Hepatology', 'issn_l': '0270-9139', 'issn': ['0270-9139', '1527-3350'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'letter', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108567737', 'display_name': 'Vicente Carréño', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164277', 'display_name': 'Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05hw30169', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164277']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vicente Carreño', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164277']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062333754', 'display_name': 'Javier Bartolomé', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-3805'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164277', 'display_name': 'Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05hw30169', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164277']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Javier Bartolomé', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164277']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057922761', 'display_name': 'Inmaculada Castillo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-867X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164277', 'display_name': 'Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05hw30169', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164277']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Inmaculada Castillo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164277']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103397280', 'display_name': 'Juan Antonio Quiroga', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164277', 'display_name': 'Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05hw30169', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164277']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Juan Antonio Quiroga', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164277']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 7, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.464531, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 82}, 'biblio': {'volume': '49', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '2128', 'last_page': '2129'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10151', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C virus research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2721', 'display_name': 'Hepatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10151', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C virus research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2721', 'display_name': 'Hepatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10340', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis B Virus Studies', 'score': 0.993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11834', 'display_name': 'Liver Diseases and Immunity', 'score': 0.9857, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2721', 'display_name': 'Hepatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/occult', 'display_name': 'Occult', 'score': 0.81654775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/viremia', 'display_name': 'Viremia', 'score': 0.7217344}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C', 'score': 0.5280343}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C520017518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178934', 'display_name': 'Occult', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.81654775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776408679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708693', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C virus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.76847386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776185481', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425304', 'display_name': 'Viremia', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7217344}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7205457}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140704245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202', 'display_name': 'Viral replication', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.58955157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781463415', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2082778', 'display_name': 'Hepacivirus', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5288587}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776455275', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154869', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5280343}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522874641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808', 'display_name': 'Virus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5104734}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5024519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777510210', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331256', 'display_name': 'Flaviviridae', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4829637}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43321958}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137061746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736033', 'display_name': 'Peripheral blood mononuclear cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43165928}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32615364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15911722}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202751555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681', 'display_name': 'In vitro', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.04503399}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D016174', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepacivirus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006526', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepatitis C', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000821', 'qualifier_name': 'virology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014779', 'descriptor_name': 'Virus Replication', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016174', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepacivirus', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006526', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepatitis C', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22936', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S156174673', 'display_name': 'Hepatology', 'issn_l': '0270-9139', 'issn': ['0270-9139', '1527-3350'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19475689', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.8}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 11, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W182047603', 'https://openalex.org/W1975365923', 'https://openalex.org/W2016414950', 'https://openalex.org/W2022303262', 'https://openalex.org/W2041845770', 'https://openalex.org/W2042843695', 'https://openalex.org/W2054009260', 'https://openalex.org/W2072839148', 'https://openalex.org/W2097157998', 'https://openalex.org/W2103804879', 'https://openalex.org/W2110493572'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4241349832', 'https://openalex.org/W2753290949', 'https://openalex.org/W2231521459', 'https://openalex.org/W2160035471', 'https://openalex.org/W2112203633', 'https://openalex.org/W2090187460', 'https://openalex.org/W2072667226', 'https://openalex.org/W2021511937', 'https://openalex.org/W2007427833', 'https://openalex.org/W1978529782'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0], 'read': [1], 'with': [2, 57, 123, 145, 155, 172, 205, 245, 278, 299, 470], 'interest': [3], 'the': [4, 20, 35, 38, 82, 128, 131, 141, 221, 279, 304, 354, 361, 389, 403, 452, 461], 'review': [5, 259], 'by': [6, 93, 344, 409, 423], 'Welker': [7, 94, 256, 424], 'and': [8, 48, 65, 95, 127, 257, 325, 328, 425, 434, 445, 492, 498], 'Zeuzem1': [9, 258], 'on': [10], 'occult': [11, 31, 58, 124, 156, 206, 246, 267, 290, 300, 357, 394, 406, 471, 479], 'hepatitis': [12, 147, 174, 301], 'C': [13, 302], 'virus': [14], '(HCV)': [15], 'infection.': [16, 33, 359, 473], 'In': [17, 149, 397, 449], 'this': [18], 'review,': [19], 'authors': [21, 177, 330], 'claim': [22], 'that': [23, 79, 180, 238, 262, 303, 463], 'viral': [24, 89], 'replication': [25, 90, 240, 465], 'has': [26, 43, 369, 380], 'not': [27, 210, 332, 352], 'been': [28, 44, 200, 370, 381, 430], 'proven': [29], 'in': [30, 46, 49, 71, 97, 121, 140, 224, 243, 270, 297, 339, 342, 414, 432, 435, 468, 475, 495], 'HCV': [32, 40, 59, 67, 125, 133, 157, 163, 183, 217, 239, 247, 268, 291, 307, 336, 358, 395, 407, 412, 427, 447, 464, 472, 480], 'However,': [34, 255], 'presence': [36], 'of': [37, 55, 81, 88, 102, 107, 119, 130, 143, 153, 162, 170, 275, 306, 317, 335, 356, 388, 393, 405, 411, 438], 'antigenomic': [39, 83], 'RNA': [41, 308, 337, 413], 'strand': [42, 84], 'demonstrated': [45, 296], 'liver': [47, 222, 340, 499], 'peripheral': [50], 'blood': [51, 287, 315], 'mononuclear': [52], 'cells': [53], '(PBMCs)': [54], 'patients': [56, 122, 144, 154, 171, 203, 244, 298, 439, 469], 'who': [60, 249, 440], 'are': [61, 252, 441], 'negative': [62, 442], 'for': [63, 443], 'anti-HCV': [64, 365, 444], 'serum': [66, 103, 142, 343, 446], 'RNA2': [68], '(and': [69], 'references': [70], 'Carreño': [72], 'et': [73], 'al.2).': [74], 'There': [75], 'is': [76, 85, 421, 456, 486], 'no': [77, 250], 'doubt': [78, 251], 'detection': [80, 309, 334, 410], 'an': [86, 364], 'indicator': [87], 'as': [91, 383], 'recognized': [92], 'Zeuzem': [96], 'their': [98, 349], 'review.1': [99], 'Furthermore,': [100, 417], 'ultracentrifugation': [101], 'samples': [104], 'before': [105], 'performance': [106], 'real-time': [108], 'reverse': [109], 'transcription': [110], 'polymerase': [111], 'chain': [112], 'reaction': [113], '(RT-PCR)': [114], 'detects': [115], 'very': [116, 323], 'low': [117], 'levels': [118], 'viremia': [120], 'infection,': [126, 292], 'density': [129], 'circulating': [132], 'particles': [134], 'was': [135, 215, 295], 'identical': [136], 'to': [137, 193, 265, 288, 419, 477, 488], 'those': [138, 169], 'found': [139], 'chronic': [146, 173], 'C.2': [148], 'addition,': [150], 'family': [151], 'members': [152], 'infection': [158, 164, 248, 269, 408, 481], 'show': [159], 'serological': [160], 'markers': [161], 'even': [165], 'more': [166], 'frequently': [167], 'than': [168], 'C.3': [175], 'Other': [176], 'have': [178, 199, 211, 401, 429], 'reported': [179], 'low-level': [181], 'persisting': [182], 'remains': [184], 'infectious.4': [185], 'Finally,': [186], 'HCV-specific': [187], 'CD4+': [188], 'T': [189], 'cell': [190], 'proliferative': [191], 'responses': [192], 'nonstructural': [194], '3': [195], 'and/or': [196], '4': [197], 'proteins': [198, 428], 'detected': [201, 431], 'among': [202, 482], 'infected': [204], 'HCV,2': [207], 'which': [208, 373], 'may': [209, 235], 'occurred': [212], 'unless': [213], 'there': [214, 455], 'ongoing': [216], 'replication,': [218], 'either': [219, 338], 'within': [220], 'or': [223, 341], 'immune-privileged': [225], 'sites.': [226], 'So,': [227], 'taking': [228], 'all': [229], 'these': [230, 329, 483], 'data': [231, 453], 'into': [232], 'account,': [233], 'one': [234, 283], 'convincingly': [236], 'assume': [237], 'takes': [241, 466], 'place': [242, 467], 'potentially': [253], 'infectious.': [254], 'two': [260], 'studies': [261, 400], 'unconvincingly': [263], 'failed': [264], 'detect': [266], 'cryptogenic': [271], 'hepatitis,5,': [272], '6': [273], 'because': [274, 378], 'several': [276], 'concerns': [277], 'methodology': [280], 'employed.': [281], 'Thus,': [282, 348], 'study5': [284], 'used': [285], 'whole': [286, 314], 'assess': [289], 'but': [293], 'it': [294, 379, 485], 'sensitivity': [305], 'substantially': [310], 'decreased': [311], 'when': [312], 'using': [313], 'instead': [316], 'PBMCs.2': [318], 'Another': [319], 'study6': [320], 'included': [321], 'a': [322, 384], 'small': [324], 'heterogeneous': [326], 'population,': [327], 'did': [331], 'perform': [333, 489], 'PCR': [345], 'after': [346], 'ultracentrifugation.': [347], 'results': [350], 'do': [351], 'exclude': [353], 'existence': [355, 404], 'On': [360], 'other': [362, 399], 'hand,': [363], 'core': [366], 'antibody': [367], 'assay': [368], 'developed': [371], 'recently,': [372], 'adds': [374], 'another': [375], 'diagnostic': [376], 'tool': [377], 'proposed': [382], 'potential': [385], 'new': [386], 'marker': [387], 'serologically': [390], 'silent': [391], 'form': [392], 'infection.7': [396], 'contrast,': [398], 'confirmed': [402], 'liver.8,': [415], '9': [416], 'contrary': [418], 'what': [420], 'concluded': [422], 'Zeuzem,': [426], 'liver10': [433], 'lymph': [436], 'nodes11': [437], 'RNA.': [448], 'summary,': [450], 'considering': [451], 'available,': [454], 'cumulative': [457], 'evidence': [458], 'strongly': [459], 'supporting': [460], 'idea': [462], 'Therefore,': [474], 'order': [476], 'diagnose': [478], 'patients,': [484], 'mandatory': [487], 'appropriate': [490], 'molecular': [491], 'immunoserological': [493], 'tests': [494], 'serum,': [496], 'PBMCs,': [497], 'biopsies.': [500], 'Vicente': [501], 'Carreño*,': [502], 'Javier': [503], 'Bartolomé*,': [504], 'Inmaculada': [505], 'Castillo*,': [506], 'Juan': [507], 'Antonio': [508], 'Quiroga*,': [509], '*': [510], 'Fundación': [511], 'para': [512], 'el': [513], 'Estudio': [514], 'de': [515], 'las': [516], 'Hepatitis': [517], 'Virales,': [518], 'Madrid,': [519], 'Spain.': [520]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149075545', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T10:02:46.960075', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}