Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2145466675', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa032158', 'title': 'The Nature of Small-Airway Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease', 'display_name': 'The Nature of Small-Airway Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-06-23', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2145466675', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa032158', 'mag': '2145466675', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15215480'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa032158', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa032158?articleTools=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62468778', 'display_name': 'New England Journal of Medicine', 'issn_l': '0028-4793', 'issn': ['0028-4793', '1533-4406'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320239', 'host_organization_name': 'Massachusetts Medical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320239'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Massachusetts Medical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa032158?articleTools=true', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091776168', 'display_name': 'James C. Hogg', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-1935'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237', 'display_name': "St. Paul's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04d0rfg41', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I23625684', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James C. Hogg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026174680', 'display_name': 'Fanny Chu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237', 'display_name': "St. Paul's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04d0rfg41', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I23625684', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fanny Chu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065210751', 'display_name': 'Soraya Utokaparch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237', 'display_name': "St. Paul's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04d0rfg41', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I23625684', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Soraya Utokaparch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046710365', 'display_name': 'Ryan Woods', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-2128'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237', 'display_name': "St. Paul's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04d0rfg41', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I23625684', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ryan Woods', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111696429', 'display_name': 'W. Mark Elliott', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237', 'display_name': "St. Paul's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04d0rfg41', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I23625684', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. Mark Elliott', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012158752', 'display_name': 'Liliana Buzatu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237', 'display_name': "St. Paul's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04d0rfg41', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I23625684', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Liliana Buzatu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082368439', 'display_name': 'Ruben M. Cherniack', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I921990950', 'display_name': 'University of Colorado Denver', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02hh7en24', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I921990950']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I3019586173', 'display_name': 'National Jewish Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/016z2bp30', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I3019586173']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ruben M. Cherniack', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Jewish Research and Medical Center, Denver'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Jewish Research and Medical Center, Denver', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I921990950', 'https://openalex.org/I3019586173']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108308261', 'display_name': 'Robert M. Rogers', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210134769', 'display_name': 'University of Pittsburgh Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04ehecz88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210098814', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134769']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert M. Rogers', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210134769']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042031961', 'display_name': 'Frank C. Sciurba', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7468-2225'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210134769', 'display_name': 'University of Pittsburgh Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04ehecz88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210098814', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134769']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Frank C. Sciurba', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210134769']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072863758', 'display_name': 'Harvey O. Coxson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-9711'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237', 'display_name': "St. Paul's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04d0rfg41', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I23625684', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Harvey O. Coxson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107827687', 'display_name': 'Peter D. Paré', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237', 'display_name': "St. Paul's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04d0rfg41', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I23625684', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter D. Paré', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "University of British Columbia, the Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144237']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 116.437, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 3449, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.99995, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '350', 'issue': '26', 'first_page': '2645', 'last_page': '2653'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10143', 'display_name': 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10143', 'display_name': 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10322', 'display_name': 'Respiratory Support and Mechanisms', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10549', 'display_name': 'Neonatal Respiratory Health Research', 'score': 0.9962, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lumen', 'display_name': 'Lumen (anatomy)', 'score': 0.5997118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/infiltration', 'display_name': 'Infiltration (HVAC)', 'score': 0.55135787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-obstruction', 'display_name': 'Airway obstruction', 'score': 0.49633843}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.87763417}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776780178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804', 'display_name': 'COPD', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8584839}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105922876', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981', 'display_name': 'Airway', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6005723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C131631996', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141325', 'display_name': 'Lumen (anatomy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5997118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777714996', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886', 'display_name': 'Lung', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5642905}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153400128', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150731', 'display_name': 'Infiltration (HVAC)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55135787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5362031}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181152851', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712604', 'display_name': 'Lymphatic system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52598256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167672396', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800', 'display_name': 'CD8', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5148291}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776914184', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991', 'display_name': 'Inflammation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5133049}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778333281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330029', 'display_name': 'Airway obstruction', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49633843}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8891405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059', 'display_name': 'Immune system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.40586513}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3230918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3057269}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08358014}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000402', 'descriptor_name': 'Airway Obstruction', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001980', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchi', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018836', 'descriptor_name': 'Inflammation Mediators', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029424', 'descriptor_name': 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000402', 'descriptor_name': 'Airway Obstruction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000704', 'descriptor_name': 'Analysis of Variance', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001402', 'descriptor_name': 'B-Lymphocytes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001980', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchi', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001980', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchi', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015496', 'descriptor_name': 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018414', 'descriptor_name': 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018450', 'descriptor_name': 'Disease Progression', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005541', 'descriptor_name': 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007249', 'descriptor_name': 'Inflammation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018836', 'descriptor_name': 'Inflammation Mediators', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007958', 'descriptor_name': 'Leukocyte Count', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008264', 'descriptor_name': 'Macrophages', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009504', 'descriptor_name': 'Neutrophils', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029424', 'descriptor_name': 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029424', 'descriptor_name': 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029424', 'descriptor_name': 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa032158', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa032158?articleTools=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62468778', 'display_name': 'New England Journal of Medicine', 'issn_l': '0028-4793', 'issn': ['0028-4793', '1533-4406'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320239', 'host_organization_name': 'Massachusetts Medical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320239'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Massachusetts Medical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15215480', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa032158', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa032158?articleTools=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62468778', 'display_name': 'New England Journal of Medicine', 'issn_l': '0028-4793', 'issn': ['0028-4793', '1533-4406'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320239', 'host_organization_name': 'Massachusetts Medical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320239'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Massachusetts Medical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.77, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 41, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1486750235', 'https://openalex.org/W1558813989', 'https://openalex.org/W1862464476', 'https://openalex.org/W1967499306', 'https://openalex.org/W1974234058', 'https://openalex.org/W1991701804', 'https://openalex.org/W1991740267', 'https://openalex.org/W1997820336', 'https://openalex.org/W2011582754', 'https://openalex.org/W2015187793', 'https://openalex.org/W2031033693', 'https://openalex.org/W2031234213', 'https://openalex.org/W2039721686', 'https://openalex.org/W2045616259', 'https://openalex.org/W2048059264', 'https://openalex.org/W2066083814', 'https://openalex.org/W2070401283', 'https://openalex.org/W2082728971', 'https://openalex.org/W2096616863', 'https://openalex.org/W2098666638', 'https://openalex.org/W2101787490', 'https://openalex.org/W2109910925', 'https://openalex.org/W2117331512', 'https://openalex.org/W2122738080', 'https://openalex.org/W2126475210', 'https://openalex.org/W2127951128', 'https://openalex.org/W2133971354', 'https://openalex.org/W2135514741', 'https://openalex.org/W2145380311', 'https://openalex.org/W2158560288', 'https://openalex.org/W2319554819', 'https://openalex.org/W2329094530', 'https://openalex.org/W2382255601', 'https://openalex.org/W2415159896', 'https://openalex.org/W2464300077', 'https://openalex.org/W2488433815', 'https://openalex.org/W2555519846', 'https://openalex.org/W2605650619', 'https://openalex.org/W2606223731', 'https://openalex.org/W4213189266', 'https://openalex.org/W67364711'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4245372082', 'https://openalex.org/W3215586121', 'https://openalex.org/W3157116343', 'https://openalex.org/W3146691973', 'https://openalex.org/W3142286882', 'https://openalex.org/W3004019477', 'https://openalex.org/W2991878098', 'https://openalex.org/W2254851461', 'https://openalex.org/W2252383104', 'https://openalex.org/W2106905273'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Chronic': [0], 'obstructive': [1], 'pulmonary': [2], 'disease': [3], '(COPD)': [4], 'is': [5], 'a': [6], 'major': [7], 'public': [8], 'health': [9], 'problem': [10], 'associated': [11], 'with': [12, 33], 'long-term': [13], 'exposure': [14], 'to': [15], 'toxic': [16], 'gases': [17], 'and': [18], 'particles.': [19], 'We': [20], 'examined': [21], 'the': [22, 25], 'evolution': [23], 'of': [24, 28], 'pathological': [26], 'effects': [27], 'airway': [29], 'obstruction': [30], 'in': [31], 'patients': [32], 'COPD.': [34]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2145466675', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 109}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 138}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 144}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 159}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 143}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 154}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 166}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 179}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 175}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 191}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 194}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 227}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 217}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-20T07:22:14.295444', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}