What is BCG?

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
J.M. Grange; Julia Gibson; T.W. Osborn; C.H. Collins; M.D. Yates
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2094249815', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-3879(83)90038-7', 'title': 'What is BCG?', 'display_name': 'What is BCG?', 'publication_year': 1983, 'publication_date': '1983-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2094249815', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-3879(83)90038-7', 'mag': '2094249815', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6412409'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-3879(83)90038-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S42132354', 'display_name': 'Tubercle', 'issn_l': '0041-3879', 'issn': ['0041-3879', '1878-6006'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310321208', 'host_organization_name': 'Churchill Livingstone', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'https://openalex.org/P4310321208'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV', 'Churchill Livingstone'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108188535', 'display_name': 'J.M. Grange', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210163006', 'display_name': 'Orthopedic Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05yk8d495', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210163006']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.M. Grange', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology, Cardiothoracic Institute, Fulham Road, London SW3 6HP, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology, Cardiothoracic Institute, Fulham Road, London SW3 6HP, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210163006']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103500478', 'display_name': 'Julia Gibson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210163006', 'display_name': 'Orthopedic Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05yk8d495', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210163006']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Julia Gibson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology, Cardiothoracic Institute, Fulham Road, London SW3 6HP, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology, Cardiothoracic Institute, Fulham Road, London SW3 6HP, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210163006']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016183363', 'display_name': 'T.W. Osborn', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210163006', 'display_name': 'Orthopedic Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05yk8d495', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210163006']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T.W. Osborn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology, Cardiothoracic Institute, Fulham Road, London SW3 6HP, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology, Cardiothoracic Institute, Fulham Road, London SW3 6HP, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210163006']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113477563', 'display_name': 'C.H. Collins', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C.H. Collins', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['PHLS Regional Centre for Tuberculosis Bacteriology, Public Health Laboratory, Dulwich Hospital East Dulwich Grove, London SE22 BOF, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'PHLS Regional Centre for Tuberculosis Bacteriology, Public Health Laboratory, Dulwich Hospital East Dulwich Grove, London SE22 BOF, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107838446', 'display_name': 'M.D. Yates', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M.D. Yates', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['PHLS Regional Centre for Tuberculosis Bacteriology, Public Health Laboratory, Dulwich Hospital East Dulwich Grove, London SE22 BOF, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'PHLS Regional Centre for Tuberculosis Bacteriology, Public Health Laboratory, Dulwich Hospital East Dulwich Grove, London SE22 BOF, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.795, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 65, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.970487, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '64', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '129', 'last_page': '139'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11243', 'display_name': 'Respiratory viral infections research', 'score': 0.9446, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10976', 'display_name': 'Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology', 'score': 0.9244, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biosafety', 'display_name': 'Biosafety', 'score': 0.9821006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-plan', 'display_name': 'Contingency plan', 'score': 0.4602337}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52384281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864713', 'display_name': 'Biosafety', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9821006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7225247}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781069245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6669507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C524204448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926', 'display_name': 'Infectious disease (medical specialty)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49274328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48531932}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14331377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2340208', 'display_name': 'Contingency plan', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4602337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777975735', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971', 'display_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45618147}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.37003708}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112930515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547', 'display_name': 'Risk analysis (engineering)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3543635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14371327}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.105345756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D009163', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001500', 'descriptor_name': 'BCG Vaccine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000266', 'qualifier_name': 'history', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001500', 'descriptor_name': 'BCG Vaccine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002417', 'descriptor_name': 'Cattle', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049673', 'descriptor_name': 'History, 20th Century', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009163', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009163', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009169', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009169', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009169', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000266', 'qualifier_name': 'history', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014613', 'descriptor_name': 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014613', 'descriptor_name': 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000266', 'qualifier_name': 'history', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014774', 'descriptor_name': 'Virulence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-3879(83)90038-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S42132354', 'display_name': 'Tubercle', 'issn_l': '0041-3879', 'issn': ['0041-3879', '1878-6006'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310321208', 'host_organization_name': 'Churchill Livingstone', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'https://openalex.org/P4310321208'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV', 'Churchill Livingstone'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6412409', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.88, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 54, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W168646901', 'https://openalex.org/W1895220984', 'https://openalex.org/W1966284683', 'https://openalex.org/W1966431019', 'https://openalex.org/W1979490626', 'https://openalex.org/W1982411124', 'https://openalex.org/W1983928421', 'https://openalex.org/W1991321951', 'https://openalex.org/W1995343720', 'https://openalex.org/W1997175163', 'https://openalex.org/W1998434934', 'https://openalex.org/W2002315277', 'https://openalex.org/W2024988038', 'https://openalex.org/W2027414094', 'https://openalex.org/W2041956550', 'https://openalex.org/W2068261502', 'https://openalex.org/W2075993349', 'https://openalex.org/W2081680283', 'https://openalex.org/W2088909138', 'https://openalex.org/W2091703357', 'https://openalex.org/W2109886572', 'https://openalex.org/W2127493570', 'https://openalex.org/W2148794897', 'https://openalex.org/W2151521319', 'https://openalex.org/W2161406492', 'https://openalex.org/W2174220321', 'https://openalex.org/W2219054393', 'https://openalex.org/W2227877949', 'https://openalex.org/W2232138275', 'https://openalex.org/W2238563476', 'https://openalex.org/W2249317800', 'https://openalex.org/W2349044655', 'https://openalex.org/W2403462116', 'https://openalex.org/W2407075099', 'https://openalex.org/W2412844245', 'https://openalex.org/W2419054143', 'https://openalex.org/W2422628337', 'https://openalex.org/W2437100796', 'https://openalex.org/W2981824282', 'https://openalex.org/W2987704522', 'https://openalex.org/W2996761525', 'https://openalex.org/W3024599308', 'https://openalex.org/W3090453377', 'https://openalex.org/W3172962265', 'https://openalex.org/W3200138779', 'https://openalex.org/W4205622623', 'https://openalex.org/W4237765819', 'https://openalex.org/W4241933922', 'https://openalex.org/W4245995994', 'https://openalex.org/W4250114130', 'https://openalex.org/W4250443156', 'https://openalex.org/W428610689', 'https://openalex.org/W628579778', 'https://openalex.org/W95268113'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4308058527', 'https://openalex.org/W4206946219', 'https://openalex.org/W3160640465', 'https://openalex.org/W2972094210', 'https://openalex.org/W2411061500', 'https://openalex.org/W2394233015', 'https://openalex.org/W2110949356', 'https://openalex.org/W2050407936', 'https://openalex.org/W2042252940', 'https://openalex.org/W1538374398'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094249815', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T12:46:12.161789', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
Publication Information

Basic Information

Access and Citation

AI Researcher Chatbot

Primary Location

Authors

Topics

Keywords

Related Works
