Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2110949356', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/591504', 'title': 'Progression to Active Tuberculosis, but Not Transmission, Varies by<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Lineage in The Gambia', 'display_name': 'Progression to Active Tuberculosis, but Not Transmission, Varies by<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Lineage in The Gambia', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-08-14', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2110949356', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/591504', 'mag': '2110949356', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18702608', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2597014'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/591504', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S54542293', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Infectious Diseases', 'issn_l': '0022-1899', 'issn': ['0022-1899', '1537-6613'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2597014?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044411310', 'display_name': 'Bouke C. de Jong', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-4675'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['GM', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Bouke\xa0C. de Jong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Stanford University, Stanford', 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Stanford University, Stanford', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049602363', 'display_name': 'Philip C. Hill', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7006-0549'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Philip\xa0C. Hill', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069260338', 'display_name': 'Alex M. Aiken', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alex Aiken', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039268943', 'display_name': 'Timothy Awine', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7340-6111'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Timothy Awine', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090401686', 'display_name': 'Martín Antonio', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-1308'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Martin Antonio', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085848358', 'display_name': 'Ifedayo Adetifa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-9407'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ifedayo\xa0M. Adetifa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110253026', 'display_name': 'Dolly Jackson-Sillah', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dolly\xa0J. Jackson‐Sillah', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021394415', 'display_name': 'Annette Fox', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-7146'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Annette Fox', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000831764', 'display_name': 'Kathryn DeRiemer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-7505'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'display_name': 'University of California, Davis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rrcem69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kathryn DeRiemer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of California, Davis'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of California, Davis', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081756586', 'display_name': 'Sébastien Gagneux', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-9048'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I3148997608', 'display_name': 'Institute for Systems Biology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02tpgw303', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I3148997608']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sebastien Gagneux', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3148997608']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110821063', 'display_name': 'Martien W. Borgdorff', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I887064364', 'display_name': 'University of Amsterdam', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04dkp9463', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I887064364']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Martien\xa0W. Borgdorff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, The Hague, The Netherlands', 'University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, The Hague, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I887064364']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109036315', 'display_name': 'Keith P. W. J. McAdam', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Keith\xa0P.\xa0W.\xa0J. McAdam', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091339856', 'display_name': 'Tumani Corrah', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3829'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tumani Corrah', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037832688', 'display_name': 'Peter M. Small', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-8985'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I3148997608', 'display_name': 'Institute for Systems Biology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02tpgw303', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I3148997608']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter\xa0M. Small', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3148997608']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010237643', 'display_name': 'Richard A. Adegbola', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-1853'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'display_name': 'MRC Unit the Gambia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wfj672', 'country_code': 'GM', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GM'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard\xa0A. Adegbola', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5044411310'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210116687', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4320, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4320, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 10.025, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 285, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999895, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '198', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': '1037', 'last_page': '1043'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11316', 'display_name': 'Mycobacterium research and diagnosis', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11381', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis', 'score': 0.9925, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781069245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9601109}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777975735', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971', 'display_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8554007}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.69794977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C761482', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093', 'display_name': 'Transmission (telecommunications)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5905336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47883442}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42464197}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779806340', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4254929', 'display_name': 'Latent tuberculosis', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.42106006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30013323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15487865}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D009161', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009169', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000635', 'qualifier_name': 'transmission', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000942', 'descriptor_name': 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000942', 'descriptor_name': 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001426', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacterial Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001426', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacterial Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002675', 'descriptor_name': 'Child, Preschool', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015331', 'descriptor_name': 'Cohort Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018450', 'descriptor_name': 'Disease Progression', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005500', 'descriptor_name': 'Follow-Up Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005838', 'descriptor_name': 'Genotype', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009161', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009169', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013045', 'descriptor_name': 'Species Specificity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000382', 'qualifier_name': 'microbiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/591504', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S54542293', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Infectious Diseases', 'issn_l': '0022-1899', 'issn': ['0022-1899', '1537-6613'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2597014', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2597014?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597014', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18702608', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2597014', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2597014?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.84}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 27, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1970483967', 'https://openalex.org/W1985004048', 'https://openalex.org/W1985986410', 'https://openalex.org/W2005203688', 'https://openalex.org/W2013972132', 'https://openalex.org/W2023162973', 'https://openalex.org/W2026924893', 'https://openalex.org/W2032564365', 'https://openalex.org/W2035349831', 'https://openalex.org/W2035579424', 'https://openalex.org/W2039403737', 'https://openalex.org/W2072113124', 'https://openalex.org/W2086237232', 'https://openalex.org/W2092069422', 'https://openalex.org/W2095855003', 'https://openalex.org/W2099183065', 'https://openalex.org/W2102246203', 'https://openalex.org/W2105513728', 'https://openalex.org/W2113265821', 'https://openalex.org/W2115317782', 'https://openalex.org/W2130462614', 'https://openalex.org/W2134558351', 'https://openalex.org/W2135116662', 'https://openalex.org/W2144010669', 'https://openalex.org/W2318136092', 'https://openalex.org/W2397931839', 'https://openalex.org/W2398754063'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W747133875', 'https://openalex.org/W4308058527', 'https://openalex.org/W4210506554', 'https://openalex.org/W2972094210', 'https://openalex.org/W2412323770', 'https://openalex.org/W2123708792', 'https://openalex.org/W2110949356', 'https://openalex.org/W2051276691', 'https://openalex.org/W2042252940', 'https://openalex.org/W1538374398'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'There': [0], 'is': [1], 'considerable': [2], 'variability': [3, 183], 'in': [4, 40, 89, 96, 185, 193], 'the': [5], 'outcome': [6], 'of': [7, 32, 66, 71, 82, 176], 'Mycobacterium': [8, 14], 'tuberculosis': [9, 21, 27, 35, 47, 54, 67, 101, 116, 146, 165, 182, 196, 203], 'infection.': [10, 204], 'We': [11], 'hypothesized': [12], 'that': [13, 181], 'africanum': [15, 94, 143, 158], 'was': [16], 'less': [17, 160], 'likely': [18, 128, 161], 'than': [19, 95, 167], 'M.': [20, 53, 56, 93, 100, 115, 137, 145, 157, 171], 'to': [22, 26, 50, 52, 75, 84, 92, 99, 121, 129, 131, 136, 150, 156, 162, 164, 170], 'transmit': [23, 147], 'and': [24, 36, 64, 144, 188, 198], 'progress': [25, 130, 163], 'disease.In': [28], 'a': [29, 122], 'cohort': [30], 'study': [31], 'patients': [33], 'with': [34], 'their': [37], 'household': [38, 151], 'contacts': [39, 48, 90, 119, 154], 'The': [41, 173], 'Gambia,': [42], 'we': [43], 'categorized': [44], '1808': [45], 'HIV-negative': [46], 'according': [49], 'exposure': [51], 'or': [55], 'africanum.': [57], 'Positive': [58], 'skin': [59], 'test': [60], 'results': [61], 'indicated': [62, 73], 'transmission,': [63], 'development': [65], 'during': [68], '2': [69], 'years': [70], 'follow-up': [72], 'progression': [74, 83, 177], 'disease.Transmission': [76], 'rates': [77, 81], 'were': [78, 86, 126], 'similar,': [79], 'but': [80, 153], 'disease': [85, 132, 166], 'significantly': [87], 'lower': [88], 'exposed': [91, 98, 120, 155, 169], 'those': [97, 168], '(1.0%': [102], 'vs.': [103], '2.9%;': [104], 'hazard': [105], 'ratio': [106], '[HR],': [107], '3.1': [108], '[95%': [109, 140], 'confidence': [110], 'interval': [111], '{CI},': [112], '1.1-8.7]).': [113], 'Within': [114], 'sensu': [117], 'stricto,': [118], 'Beijing': [123], 'family': [124], 'strain': [125], 'most': [127], '(5.6%;': [133], 'HR': [134], 'relative': [135], 'africanum,': [138], '6.7': [139], 'CI,': [141], '2.0-22]).M.': [142], 'equally': [148], 'well': [149], 'contacts,': [152], 'are': [159], 'tuberculosis.': [172], 'variable': [174], 'rate': [175], 'by': [178], 'lineage': [179], 'suggests': [180], 'matters': [184], 'clinical': [186], 'settings': [187], 'should': [189], 'be': [190], 'accounted': [191], 'for': [192, 201], 'studies': [194], 'evaluating': [195], 'vaccines': [197], 'treatment': [199], 'regimens': [200], 'latent': [202]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2110949356', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 18}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T19:05:48.559260', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}