Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2032335626', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554x(81)90501-2', 'title': 'Emittance growth of ion beams with space charge', 'display_name': 'Emittance growth of ion beams with space charge', 'publication_year': 1981, 'publication_date': '1981-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2032335626', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554x(81)90501-2', 'mag': '2032335626'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554x(81)90501-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210179064', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research', 'issn_l': '0167-5087', 'issn': ['0167-5087', '1872-9606'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081601845', 'display_name': 'I. Hofmann', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-7028'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210139716', 'display_name': 'Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03taest98', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I149899117', 'https://openalex.org/I4210139716']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I149899117', 'display_name': 'Max Planck Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hhn8329', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I149899117']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'I. Hofmann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Relativistic Plasmas, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Relativistic Plasmas, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210139716', 'https://openalex.org/I149899117']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5081601845'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210139716', 'https://openalex.org/I149899117'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.22, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 14, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.716315, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 83, 'max': 84}, 'biblio': {'volume': '187', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '281', 'last_page': '287'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10384', 'display_name': 'Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10384', 'display_name': 'Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11367', 'display_name': 'Particle accelerators and beam dynamics', 'score': 0.9888, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12166', 'display_name': 'Ion-surface interactions and analysis', 'score': 0.9806, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-emittance', 'display_name': 'Beam emittance', 'score': 0.52772963}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92508244', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3369825', 'display_name': 'Thermal emittance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9278958}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C103132145', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669228', 'display_name': 'Space charge', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.72461474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6615888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151342819', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62542', 'display_name': 'Phase space', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60214543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779259746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52343', 'display_name': 'Beam emittance', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.52772963}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117896860', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376', 'display_name': 'Acceleration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5084814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145148216', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496', 'display_name': 'Ion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47544456}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778572836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933', 'display_name': 'Space (punctuation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45994446}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168834538', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329', 'display_name': 'Beam (structure)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4472335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107430045', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364409', 'display_name': 'Inertial confinement fusion', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44396788}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188082385', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792', 'display_name': 'Charge (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43842146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158622935', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4188225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184779094', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383', 'display_name': 'Atomic physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38596463}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30475298', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554', 'display_name': 'Computational physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38454893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82706917', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251', 'display_name': 'Plasma', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3113097}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74650414', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397', 'display_name': 'Classical mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30762184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30212098}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17939308}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147120987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225', 'display_name': 'Electron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.13028055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554x(81)90501-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210179064', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research', 'issn_l': '0167-5087', 'issn': ['0167-5087', '1872-9606'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.78}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 8, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1994265229', 'https://openalex.org/W2002456655', 'https://openalex.org/W2006727403', 'https://openalex.org/W2019279082', 'https://openalex.org/W2019439073', 'https://openalex.org/W2102211504', 'https://openalex.org/W2155448917', 'https://openalex.org/W2169066476'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4205682477', 'https://openalex.org/W3080389591', 'https://openalex.org/W2751953295', 'https://openalex.org/W2560795232', 'https://openalex.org/W2138075413', 'https://openalex.org/W2085082079', 'https://openalex.org/W2084839677', 'https://openalex.org/W197680487', 'https://openalex.org/W1969773312', 'https://openalex.org/W1495724554'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032335626', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T23:43:11.830632', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}