Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2084839677', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Simulations of beam emittance growth from the collectiverelaxation of space-charge nonuniformities', 'display_name': 'Simulations of beam emittance growth from the collectiverelaxation of space-charge nonuniformities', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2084839677', 'mag': '2084839677'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc791999/m2/1/high_res_d/861352.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764971142', 'display_name': 'Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4320800592', 'host_organization_name': 'United States Department of Energy', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4320800592'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['United States Department of Energy'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029614203', 'display_name': 'S.M. Lund', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1563-0804'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Steven M. Lund', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050386433', 'display_name': 'D.P. Grote', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4057-8582'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David P. Grote', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085344730', 'display_name': 'Ronald C. Davidson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4668-4837'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ronald C. Davidson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.548, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.480687, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 61, 'max': 68}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11367', 'display_name': 'Particle accelerators and beam dynamics', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11367', 'display_name': 'Particle accelerators and beam dynamics', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10559', 'display_name': 'Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers', 'score': 0.9946, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10921', 'display_name': 'Neutrino Physics Research', 'score': 0.971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-emittance', 'display_name': 'Beam emittance', 'score': 0.6177464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-density', 'display_name': 'Charge density', 'score': 0.45441896}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92508244', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3369825', 'display_name': 'Thermal emittance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.95169705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C103132145', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669228', 'display_name': 'Space charge', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.82191205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.66487694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151342819', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62542', 'display_name': 'Phase space', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6232105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779259746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52343', 'display_name': 'Beam emittance', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6177464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168834538', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329', 'display_name': 'Beam (structure)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5892797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776029896', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810', 'display_name': 'Relaxation (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54139394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30475298', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554', 'display_name': 'Computational physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.52172935}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9652623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109', 'display_name': 'Field (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48773965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150708132', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744771', 'display_name': 'Charge density', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45441896}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44280652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837', 'display_name': 'Phase (matter)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41684672}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184779094', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383', 'display_name': 'Atomic physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34415472}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30433437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147120987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225', 'display_name': 'Electron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.19031957}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17347407}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc791999/m2/1/high_res_d/861352.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764971142', 'display_name': 'Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4320800592', 'host_organization_name': 'United States Department of Energy', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4320800592'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['United States Department of Energy'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.82}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3197346979', 'https://openalex.org/W3158501071', 'https://openalex.org/W3134277860', 'https://openalex.org/W3080389591', 'https://openalex.org/W3022613588', 'https://openalex.org/W3013614998', 'https://openalex.org/W2996985294', 'https://openalex.org/W2989207815', 'https://openalex.org/W2792001840', 'https://openalex.org/W2743819474', 'https://openalex.org/W2565953605', 'https://openalex.org/W2560795232', 'https://openalex.org/W2330619344', 'https://openalex.org/W2189081233', 'https://openalex.org/W2188022272', 'https://openalex.org/W2182057897', 'https://openalex.org/W1995594716', 'https://openalex.org/W1972585880', 'https://openalex.org/W1542323550', 'https://openalex.org/W140367185'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Beams': [0], 'injected': [1, 40], 'into': [2], 'a': [3, 44, 66, 87, 93, 150, 175, 220], 'linear': [4, 23], 'focusing': [5, 24, 58, 152], 'channel': [6, 59], 'typically': [7], 'have': [8], 'some': [9], 'degree': [10, 177, 222], 'of': [11, 28, 56, 69, 134, 142, 160, 178, 205, 210, 223], 'space-charge': [12, 19, 105, 137, 146, 225], 'nonuniformity.': [13], 'For': [14], 'unbunched': [15], 'beams': [16, 143], 'with': [17, 43, 144, 168, 185], 'high': [18, 145, 176], 'intensity': [20, 147], 'propagating': [21, 148], 'in': [22, 82, 126, 149, 164, 212, 230], 'channels,': [25], 'Debye': [26], 'screening': [27], 'self-field': [29, 100], 'interactions': [30, 79], 'tends': [31], 'to': [32, 86, 107, 130, 157], 'make': [33], 'the': [34, 57, 61, 103, 108, 132, 140, 203, 213], 'transverse': [35, 136], 'density': [36, 95], 'profile': [37], 'flat.': [38], 'An': [39], 'particle': [41, 110, 125], 'distribution': [42, 90, 180], 'large': [45], 'systematic': [46], 'charge': [47], 'nonuniformity': [48, 106, 181, 226], 'will': [49, 64], 'generally': [50], 'be': [51, 183, 195, 228], 'far': [52], 'from': [53, 102], 'an': [54, 83], 'equilibrium': [55], 'and': [60, 76, 190, 207], 'initial': [62, 104, 135, 179, 224], 'condition': [63], 'launch': [65], 'broad': [67], 'spectrum': [68], 'collective': [70], 'modes.': [71], 'These': [72], 'modes': [73], 'can': [74, 182, 194, 227], 'phase-mix': [75], 'experience': [77], 'nonlinear': [78], 'which': [80], 'result': [81], 'effective': [84], 'relaxation': [85, 98, 206], 'more': [88], 'thermal-equilibrium-like': [89], 'characterized': [91], 'by': [92], 'uniform': [94], 'profile.': [96], 'This': [97, 216], 'transfers': [99], 'energy': [101], 'local': [109], 'temperature,': [111], 'thereby': [112], 'increasing': [113], 'beam': [114, 192, 233], 'phase': [115], 'space': [116], 'area': [117], '(emittance': [118], 'growth).': [119], 'Here': [120], 'they': [121], 'employ': [122], 'two-dimensional': [123], 'electrostatic': [124], 'cell': [127], '(PIC)': [128], 'simulations': [129, 198], 'investigate': [131], 'effects': [133], 'nonuniformities': [138], 'on': [139, 202], 'equality': [141], 'continuous': [151], 'channel.': [153], 'Results': [154], 'are': [155], 'compared': [156], 'theoretical': [158], 'bounds': [159], 'emittance': [161, 188], 'growth': [162, 189], 'developed': [163], 'previous': [165], 'studies.': [166], 'Consistent': [167], 'earlier': [169], 'theory,': [170], 'it': [171], 'is': [172], 'found': [173], 'that': [174, 191, 219], 'tolerated': [184, 229], 'only': [186], 'modest': [187], 'control': [193], 'maintained.': [196], 'The': [197], 'also': [199], 'provide': [200], 'information': [201], 'rate': [204], 'characteristic': [208], 'levels': [209], 'fluctuations': [211], 'relaxed': [214], 'states.': [215], 'research': [217], 'suggests': [218], 'surprising': [221], 'practical': [231], 'intense': [232], 'experiments.': [234]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084839677', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T11:04:20.928686', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}