Localization of a Gene for Bitter-Taste Perception to Human Chromosome 5p15

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Danielle R. Reed; Elizabeth Nanthakumar; Michael North; Callum J. Bell; Linda M. Bartoshuk; R. Arlen Price
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995, 1602], 'JH': [359, 1002], 'Obesity': [360], 'related': [361], 'phenotypes': [362, 586], 'selected': [365], 'extreme': [367], 'obesity': [368, 1020], 'leanness.Int': [370], 'Obes': [372], 'Relat': [373], 'Metab': [374], 'Disord.': [375], '1998;': [376, 775, 890], '22:': [377], '406-413Crossref': [378], '(28)': [381], 'protocol': [385], 'was': [386, 407, 945, 960, 967, 1066, 1168, 1245, 1281, 1348, 1380, 1512], 'approved': [387], 'Committee': [390], 'Studies': [392, 606], 'Involving': [393], 'Human': [394], 'Beings': [395], 'Pennsylvania.': [400], 'phenotype': [402], 'subjects,': [404], 'filter': [405], 'paper': [406, 425], 'soaked': [408], 'saturated': [411], 'PROP': [412, 612, 722, 909, 974, 1124, 1136, 1332], 'solution,': [413], 'dried,': [414], 'cut': [416], 'into': [417, 1111], 'strips.': [418], 'Subjects': [419, 1144], 'asked': [421], 'place': [423], 'mouths': [428], 'rate': [431, 443], 'bitterness': [433, 610, 763], 'taste.': [435], 'scale': [437, 477, 541, 547, 687], 'used': [438, 584], 'subjects': [441, 711], 'intensity': [446, 944], 'utilized': [447], 'descriptive': [448, 1052], 'words': [449], 'referred': [452], '"labeled-magnitude': [456], 'scale"': [457], '(LMS;': [458], 'Green': [459, 462, 670, 870], '1993Green': [465], 'BG': [466], 'Shaffer': [467], 'GS': [468], 'Gilmore': [469], 'Derivation': [471], 'evaluation': [473], 'semantic': [476], 'oral': [479], 'sensation': [480], 'magnitude': [481, 614, 665, 686, 717, 744], 'with': [482, 506, 613, 1059, 1068, 1116, 1170, 1228, 1300, 1320, 1363], 'apparent': [483, 1263], 'ratio': [484], 'properties.Chem': [485], '1993;': [487], '18:': [488], '683-702Crossref': [489], '(463)': [491], 'Because': [494, 704], 'LMS': [496, 524, 582, 593, 659, 706, 925], 'continuous,': [498], 'it': [499, 714], 'prevents': [500], 'loss': [502], 'information': [504], 'associated': [505], 'categoric': [507], 'scales': [508], 'therefore': [510], 'provides': [511, 926], 'type': [513], 'data': [515, 1108], 'essential': [516], 'quantitative': [518, 589, 1092, 1107], 'linkage': [519, 590, 1022, 1186, 1221, 1235, 1352, 1375], 'analysis.': [520, 591, 1049], 'In': [521, 1342], 'addition,': [522], 'minimizes': [525], 'ceiling': [526], 'effects': [527], 'better': [530], 'discriminating': [532], 'sensitive': [533], 'tasters': [534, 623, 806, 1118], 'from': [535, 580, 1150, 1162, 1240, 1267, 1288, 1296, 1530], 'nontasters': [536, 621], 'than': [537], 'classic': [539], 'nine-point': [540], '(Lucchina': [542], '1998b).': [545], 'labeled': [549, 685, 743], 'follows': [551], '(with': [552], 'numeric': [553], 'values': [554, 1156], 'assigned': [555], 'each': [557], 'level': [558], 'intensity):': [561], 'barely': [562], 'detectable': [563], '(0),': [564], 'weak': [565], '(6),': [566], 'moderate': [567], '(17),': [568], 'strong': [569, 572], '(35),': [570], 'very': [571], '(54),': [573], 'strongest': [575, 1218], 'imaginable': [576], '(100).': [577], 'scores': [579, 959], 'also': [595, 1504], 'valid': [597], 'instrument': [598], 'classify': [600], 'individuals': [601], '"nontasters"': [603], '"tasters."': [605], 'scaling': [607], 'suprathreshold': [609, 661, 942, 1121], 'estimation': [615, 666, 718], 'demonstrate': [616], 'that': [617, 1120, 1252, 1323, 1326, 1497], 'psychophysical': [618], 'functions': [619, 662], 'diverge': [624], '(Bartoshuk': [625], 'produces': [660], 'equivalent': [663], '(Green': [667], '1996Green': [673], 'B': [674, 678, 871], 'Dalton': [675], 'P': [676, 801, 828], 'Cowart': [677], 'Rankin': [679], 'Higgins': [681], 'Evaluating': [683], 'measuring': [689], 'sensations': [690], 'smell.Chem': [694], '1996;': [696, 747], '21:': [697, 748], '323-334Crossref': [698], '(561)': [701], 'easier': [708], 'naïve': [710], 'use,': [713], 'replacing': [716], 'studies': [720, 1376], 'Snyder': [726], '1996Snyder': [729], 'D': [730], 'Lucchina': [731, 790, 793, 905], 'L': [732, 736, 758, 797, 803, 873, 908, 1082], 'Magnitude': [737], 'matching': [738], 'adds': [739], 'power': [740], 'scale.Chem': [745], '673Google': [749], 'Intranuova': [751, 754], 'Powers': [753, 759], 'Powers,': [756], '1998Intranuova': [757], 'A': [760, 830, 1178], 'perceived': [762], 'beer': [765], '6-n-propylthiouracil': [767, 804, 838], 'sensitivity.Ann': [771], 'NY': [772, 842], 'Acad': [773, 843], 'Sci.': [774, 844], '855': [776, 846], '(In:': [777, 847], 'Murphy': [778, 848], 'C': [779, 849], '(ed)': [780, 850], 'Olfaction': [781, 851], 'taste.):': [783, 853], '816-819Crossref': [784, 854], '(50)': [787], '1998aLucchina': [796], 'Curtis': [798, 825], 'O': [799], 'Putnam': [800, 827], 'assign': [807], 'higher': [808], 'sweetness': [809], 'ratings': [810, 972], 'sucrose': [812], 'high-intensity': [814], 'sweetners.Chem': [815], '1998a;': [817], '23:': [818, 891], '560Google': [819, 892], 'ScholarLucchina': [820], '1998bLucchina': [823], 'LA': [824], 'OF': [826], 'Drewnowski': [829], 'Prutkin': [831, 894, 897], 'Psychophysical': [835], 'measurement': [836], 'perception..Ann': [841], '1998b;': [845], 'Schwartz': [858, 861], '1998Schwartz': [864], 'Janjua': [866], 'T': [867], 'Kveton': [868], 'Alteration': [874], 'lingual': [876], 'somatosensation': [877], 'result': [880], 'transection': [882], 'chorda': [885], 'tympani': [886], 'nerve': [887], '(VII).Chem': [888], 'pressPrutkin': [901], 'J,': [902], 'Fast': [903], 'K,': [904], 'L,': [906], '(6-n-propylthiouracil)': [910], 'trigeminal': [913], 'innervation': [914], 'fungiform': [916], 'papillae.': [917], 'Chem': [918], 'Senses': [919], '(in': [920], 'press)Google': [921], 'Thus,': [923], 'convenient,': [928], 'reliable,': [929], 'reasonable': [931], 'choice': [932], 'large-scale': [935], 'gene-mapping': [936], 'study.': [937], 'mean': [939], 'rating': [940], '31.2': [946], '±': [947], '29.3': [948], 'units,': [949], 'near': [950, 1232, 1370, 1381], 'label': [952], '"strong."': [953], 'As': [954], 'expected,': [955], 'distribution': [957], 'kurtotic': [961], '(−0.454)': [962], 'skewed': [964], '(.73).': [965], 'There': [966, 1280], 'no': [968], 'between': [970, 1188, 1392], "subjects'": [971], 'height,': [976], 'weight,': [977], 'body-mass': [979], 'index': [980], '(P>.05).': [981], 'We': [982, 1546, 1554], 'genotyped': [983], 'microsatellite': [984], '∼10.1': [987], 'cM': [988, 1357], 'apart': [989], 'methods': [992], 'described': [993], '(Lee': [998], '1999Lee': [1001], 'Li': [1005], 'W-D': [1006], 'Xu': [1007], 'W': [1008], 'Joo': [1009], 'E-J': [1010], 'Kilker': [1011], 'RL': [1012], 'Nanthakumar': [1013], 'E': [1014, 1084], 'al.Genome': [1016], '20q13.Am': [1026], 'Hum': [1028, 1095, 1199, 1396], 'Genet.': [1029, 1096, 1200, 1397, 1481], '1999;': [1030], '64:': [1031], '1063-1070Abstract': [1032], 'Full': [1033, 1035], 'Text': [1034, 1036], 'PDF': [1037], '(76)': [1040], 'All': [1043], 'half-siblings': [1044], 'eliminated': [1046], 'prior': [1047], 'Computation': [1050], 'statistics': [1053], 'correlation': [1055], 'coefficients': [1056], 'SPSS': [1060], '(6.1.1.).': [1061], 'Quantitative': [1062], 'loci': [1064, 1190, 1426], 'analysis': [1065, 1088, 1102, 1151, 1184], 'computer': [1070], 'program': [1071], 'MAPMAKER/SIBS': [1072], 'version': [1073, 1172], '2.0': [1074], '(Kruglyak': [1075], 'Lander': [1077, 1083], 'Kruglyak': [1078], 'Lander,': [1080], '1995Kruglyak': [1081], 'Complete': [1085], 'multipoint': [1086], 'sib-pair': [1087], 'qualitative': [1090], 'traits.Am': [1093], '54:': [1098], '439-454Google': [1099], 'For': [1101], 'transmission': [1104, 1278, 1285], 'disequilibrium,': [1105], 'dichotomized': [1110], 'taster': [1112, 1507], 'nontaster': [1114, 1166, 1292], 'categories,': [1115], 'all': [1117], 'reporting': [1119], 'concentrations': [1122], 'tasted': [1125], '"strong,"': [1126], '"extremely': [1127], 'strong,"': [1128], '"strongest': [1130], 'imaginable"': [1131], '(n=180;': [1132], '45.8%).': [1133], 'Nontasters': [1134], 'rated': [1135], '"barely': [1138], 'detectable"': [1139], '"weak"': [1141], '(n=115;': [1142], '29.3%).': [1143], 'giving': [1145], 'intermediate': [1146], 'responses': [1147], 'excluded': [1149], '(n=98;': [1152], '25%).': [1153], 'These': [1154, 1316], 'cut-off': [1155], 'conservative.': [1158], 'Transmission': [1159], 'heterozygous': [1163, 1289], 'offspring': [1167], 'computed': [1169], 'TDTLIKE': [1171], '2.1': [1173], '(Terwilliger': [1174], 'Terwilliger,': [1175], '1995Terwilliger': [1176], 'powerful': [1179], 'likelihood': [1180], 'method': [1181], 'disequilibrium': [1187], 'one': [1192], 'more': [1194], 'polymorphic': [1195], 'marker': [1196], 'loci.Am': [1197], '56:': [1202], '777-787PubMed': [1203], 'which': [1206], 'corrects': [1207], 'multiple-allele': [1209], 'testing.': [1210], 'telomeric': [1212, 1269, 1336], 'portion': [1213, 1270], '5p': [1215], 'gave': [1216], 'evidence': [1219], '(t-score': [1222], '=': [1223], '3.28,': [1224], 'P=.0005;': [1225], 'fig.': [1226], '1),': [1227], 'peak': [1230, 1236], 'score': [1231, 1256], 'D5S2505.': [1233], 'spanned': [1237], '∼10': [1238], 'cM,': [1239], 'D5S406': [1241], 'D5S2081,': [1243, 1314], 'only': [1247], 'region': [1248, 1337, 1499], 'genome': [1251], 'had': [1253], 't': [1255], '⩾': [1257], '3.0.': [1258], 'No': [1259], 'candidate': [1260], '5p15.': [1265], 'Markers': [1266], 'chromosome': [1272, 1340, 1345, 1354, 1384, 1501], '5': [1273], 'then': [1275], 'examined': [1276], 'disequilibrium.': [1279], 'significant': [1282, 1305], 'distortion': [1283], 'children': [1293], 'linked': [1298], 'region,': [1299], 'D5S2505': [1301], 'being': [1302], 'most': [1304], '(D5S406,': [1306], 'P=.031;': [1307], 'D5S2505,': [1308], 'P=.007,': [1309], 'D5S635,': [1310], 'P=.017;': [1311], 'D5S807,': [1312], 'P=.034;': [1313], 'P=.012).': [1315], 'results': [1317, 1491], 'consistent': [1319], 'hypothesis': [1322], 'confers': [1327], 'ability': [1329], 'lies': [1333], 'on': [1334, 1353, 1383, 1500], '5p.': [1341], 'addition': [1343], '5,': [1346], 'there': [1347], 'suggestion': [1350], '7,': [1355], '∼35–40': [1356], 'centromeric': [1358], 'KELL': [1361, 1382], 'locus,': [1362], 't-score': [1366], '2.34': [1368], '(P=.008)': [1369], 'D7S1789': [1371], 'D7S796.': [1373], 'Initial': [1374], 'suggested': [1377], 'locus': [1379], '7': [1385, 1502], '(Chautard-Freire-Maia': [1386], 'Chautard-Freire-Maia,': [1387], '1974Chautard-Freire-Maia': [1388], 'EA': [1389], 'Linkage': [1390, 1422], 'relationships': [1391], '22': [1393], 'autosomal': [1394], 'markers.Ann': [1395], '1974;': [1398], '38:': [1399], '191-198Crossref': [1400], '(20)': [1403], 'Conneally': [1406, 1409], '1976Conneally': [1412], 'PM': [1413], 'Dumont-Driscoll': [1414], 'Huntzinger': [1416], 'RS': [1417], 'Nance': [1418], 'WE': [1419], 'Jackson': [1420], 'CE': [1421], 'relations': [1423], 'Kell': [1428], 'sensitivity.Hum': [1432], 'Hered.': [1433], '1976;': [1434], '26:': [1435], '267-271Crossref': [1436], '(32)': [1439], 'later': [1443], 'reports': [1444], 'replicate': [1448], 'this': [1449], 'finding': [1450], '(Spence': [1451], 'Spence': [1454], '1984Spence': [1457], 'MA': [1458], 'Falk': [1459], 'CT': [1460], 'Field': [1463], 'LL': [1464], 'Marazita': [1465], 'ML': [1466], 'Allen': [1467], 'Jr,': [1468], 'FH': [1469], 'al.Estimating': [1473], 'recombination': [1475], 'frequency': [1476], 'PTC-Kell': [1479], 'linkage.Hum': [1480], '1984;': [1482], '67:': [1483], '183-186Crossref': [1484], '(11)': [1487], 'current': [1494], 'suggest': [1496], 'may': [1503], 'influence': [1505], 'phenotype.': [1508], 'present': [1510], 'work': [1511], 'supported': [1513], 'National': [1515], 'Institutes': [1516], 'Health': [1518], '(NIH)': [1519], 'grant': [1520], 'R03DC03509': [1521], '(to': [1522, 1535], 'D.R.R).;': [1523], 'NIH': [1524, 1538], 'grants': [1525, 1539], 'R01DK44073,': [1526], 'R01DK48095,': [1527], 'funds': [1529], 'Axys': [1531], 'Pharmaceuticals': [1532], 'Glaxo-Wellcome': [1534], 'R.A.P.);': [1536], '5M01RR00125-350922,': [1540], '5R01DC00283,': [1541], '5R21DC03003': [1543], '(L.M.B.).': [1545], 'acknowledge': [1547], 'generous': [1549], 'cooperation': [1550], 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