Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W7672789', 'doi': None, 'title': 'The development of the trombone as an ensemble instrument during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries', 'display_name': 'The development of the trombone as an ensemble instrument during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W7672789', 'mag': '7672789'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20981/', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'dissertation', 'type_crossref': 'dissertation', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052753768', 'display_name': 'MH Mumford', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'MH Mumford', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5052753768'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 53}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13996', 'display_name': 'Diverse Musicological Studies', 'score': 0.9608, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1210', 'display_name': 'Music'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13996', 'display_name': 'Diverse Musicological Studies', 'score': 0.9608, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1210', 'display_name': 'Music'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10941', 'display_name': 'Musicology and Musical Analysis', 'score': 0.9148, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1210', 'display_name': 'Music'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tone', 'display_name': 'Tone (literature)', 'score': 0.4701949}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/musical-instrument', 'display_name': 'Musical instrument', 'score': 0.465924}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/articulation', 'display_name': 'Articulation (sociology)', 'score': 0.45333347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/intonation', 'display_name': 'Intonation', 'score': 0.4294415}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781291010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580', 'display_name': 'Period (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5298704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C558565934', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743', 'display_name': 'Musical', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51618105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153349607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649', 'display_name': 'Visual arts', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4742262}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780583480', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327', 'display_name': 'Tone (literature)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4701949}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2983311337', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34379', 'display_name': 'Musical instrument', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.465924}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779337067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800961', 'display_name': 'Articulation (sociology)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45333347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44663048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781045179', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5576720', 'display_name': 'Intonation (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4294415}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C25343380', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521', 'display_name': 'Relation (database)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4286052}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33983684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124952713', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242', 'display_name': 'Literature', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32241055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25241357}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107038049', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986', 'display_name': 'Aesthetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24959654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.22791192}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17928106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17551488}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.105538845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09373137}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08999583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08766773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77088390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513', 'display_name': 'Database', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20981/', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11', 'score': 0.61, 'display_name': 'Sustainable cities and communities'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 20, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1480073004', 'https://openalex.org/W1482548990', 'https://openalex.org/W1507885763', 'https://openalex.org/W1509074875', 'https://openalex.org/W1563822295', 'https://openalex.org/W1605880710', 'https://openalex.org/W1974656093', 'https://openalex.org/W1987502115', 'https://openalex.org/W2006866370', 'https://openalex.org/W2026390744', 'https://openalex.org/W2036401200', 'https://openalex.org/W2041810546', 'https://openalex.org/W2045624462', 'https://openalex.org/W2152287600', 'https://openalex.org/W2796928867', 'https://openalex.org/W584454751', 'https://openalex.org/W606564814', 'https://openalex.org/W642060040', 'https://openalex.org/W643015168', 'https://openalex.org/W647496957'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W761503806', 'https://openalex.org/W655639091', 'https://openalex.org/W636021154', 'https://openalex.org/W611060265', 'https://openalex.org/W594516207', 'https://openalex.org/W587160784', 'https://openalex.org/W2995512423', 'https://openalex.org/W2911650069', 'https://openalex.org/W2791396758', 'https://openalex.org/W2756948196', 'https://openalex.org/W2503531919', 'https://openalex.org/W2259444466', 'https://openalex.org/W198731002', 'https://openalex.org/W1978629283', 'https://openalex.org/W1971066543', 'https://openalex.org/W1863769924', 'https://openalex.org/W1783803436', 'https://openalex.org/W1587067388', 'https://openalex.org/W1577733200', 'https://openalex.org/W1549984049'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'thesis': [1, 57, 191], 'examines': [2], 'the': [3, 19, 33, 37, 39, 48, 63, 83, 92, 95, 103, 106, 141, 151, 156, 171, 190, 206, 210, 220, 225, 232, 250, 274, 279, 296, 299, 317, 320, 334, 354, 360, 370, 380, 390, 413, 424, 457, 465, 492, 500], 'emergence,': [4], 'decline': [5, 275, 297, 437], 'and': [6, 47, 70, 91, 115, 121, 130, 143, 177, 182, 186, 239, 276, 325, 357, 362, 438, 460, 502], 're-emergence': [7], 'of': [8, 18, 25, 36, 50, 66, 94, 105, 150, 155, 189, 224, 252, 266, 278, 292, 316, 322, 336, 342, 353, 394, 407, 412, 420], 'the\r\ntrombone': [9, 51, 253], 'as': [10, 216, 259, 302, 304], 'relating': [11], 'to': [12, 44, 111, 118, 136, 227, 283, 373, 378, 397, 415, 481, 491], 'its': [13, 116, 178, 305, 436, 462], 'use': [14, 218], 'within': [15, 52, 254, 339], 'ensemble': [16, 197], 'music': [17, 429], 'seventeenth': [20, 142, 361, 501], 'and\r\neighteenth': [21], 'centuries.': [22, 145], 'It': [23, 79, 230], 'consists': [24], 'three': [26, 268], 'chapters': [27], 'which': [28, 73], 'include': [29], 'a': [30, 60, 100, 193, 247, 270, 289, 314, 330, 350, 432, 470, 474], 'historical\r\nstudy': [31], 'into': [32], 'technical': [34, 113, 175, 408], 'development': [35, 72, 104], 'trombone,': [38], 'growth': [40, 108, 404], 'of\r\nperformance': [41], 'practices': [42, 132, 154], 'pertaining': [43], 'th~': [45], 'instrument': [46, 417], 'usage': [49, 301, 338, 358], 'ensembles': [53], 'during': [54, 140, 359, 473, 499], 'this': [55, 308, 311, 398, 487], 'period.\r\nThe': [56], 'begins': [58], 'with': [59, 82, 148, 160, 168, 246], 'discussion': [61, 248], 'on': [62, 102, 200, 245, 249, 333], 'general': [64, 365], 'knowledge': [65], "the\r\ntrombone's": [67, 496], 'early': [68, 386, 447], 'history': [69], 'physical': [71], 'is': [74, 80, 126, 288, 313, 484], 'mainly': [75], 'drawn\r\nfrom': [76], 'secondary': [77], 'sources.': [78, 204], 'concerned': [81], 'great': [84, 403], 'Ni.imburg': [85], 'instrument\r\nmanufacturing': [86], 'families,': [87], 'trombone': [88, 280, 337, 371, 466], 'construction': [89, 375], 'specifications': [90], 'working\r\nmechanics': [93], 'instrument.\r\nThe': [96], 'second': [97], 'chapter': [98, 188, 243, 267, 328], 'involves': [99], 'study': [101, 315, 347, 488], "trombone's\r\ntechnical": [107], 'in': [109, 209, 219, 235, 298, 319, 418, 469, 495], 'relation': [110], 'range,': [112], 'facility': [114, 409], 'ability': [117, 176], 'control\r\nvolume,': [119], 'intonation': [120], 'tone': [122], 'colour.': [123], 'A~so': [124], 'contained': [125], 'an': [127], 'examination': [128], 'of\r\narticulation': [129], 'ornamentation': [131], 'that': [133, 486], 'were': [134, 452], 'likely': [135], 'be': [137, 482], 'employed': [138], 'by\r\ntrombonists': [139], 'eighteenth': [144, 285, 343], 'The': [146, 242, 327], 'chapter\r\ncontinues': [147], 'investigation': [149, 272], 'various': [152], 'soloistic': [153], 'instrument.\r\nThese': [157], 'are': [158, 367], 'supported': [159], 'musical': [161, 382], 'examples': [162], 'taken': [163], 'from': [164, 202, 281, 443], 'primary': [165, 203], 'sources': [166], 'dealing': [167], 'topics': [169], 'covering': [170], "instrument's": [172, 233, 300, 391], 'vocal': [173, 222], 'sound,': [174], 'employment': [179], 'by': [180, 446], 'baroque': [181], 'classical': [183], 'composers.\r\nThe': [184], 'third': [185], 'final': [187, 264], 'contains': [192, 269], 'detailed': [194], 'description': [195], 'of\r\ntrombone': [196], 'practices,': [198], 'based': [199], 'research': [201], 'These\r\ninclude': [205], "trombone's": [207, 425, 458], 'participation': [208], 'brilliant': [211], 'Venetian': [212], 'polychoral': [213], 'music\r\nas': [214], 'well': [215, 303], "it's": [217], 'major': [221, 433], 'works': [223, 321], 'mid-': [226], 'late': [228], 'Baroque.': [229], 'also\r\ncovers': [231], 'involvement': [234, 498], 'Baroque': [236, 387, 414], 'opera,': [237], 'oratorio': [238], 'vocal\r\nchamber': [240], 'works.': [241, 422], 'continues': [244], 'role': [251], 'purely': [255], 'instrumental': [256], 'groups': [257], 'such': [258], 'Stadtpfeifer,': [260], 'court': [261, 449], 'and\r\nchurch': [262], 'ensembles.\r\nThe': [263], 'section': [265, 312], 'thorough': [271], 'dealing\r\nwith': [273], 'resurgence': [277], 'mid-seventeenth': [282], 'the\r\nlate': [284], 'century.': [286], 'Included': [287], 'careful': [290], 'consideration': [291], 'possible': [293], 'reasons': [294], ',\r\nbehind': [295], 'continued': [306], 'survival\r\nduring': [307], 'period.': [309], 'Supporting': [310], "trombone's\r\npresence": [318], 'Handel,': [323], 'Mozart': [324], 'Gluck.': [326], 'concludes\r\nwith': [329], 'brief': [331], 'statement': [332], 'importance': [335], 'the\r\nMoravian': [340], 'Church': [341], 'century': [344], 'colonial': [345], 'America.\r\nThis': [346], 'arrives': [348], 'at': [349], 'clearer': [351], 'understanding': [352], "trombone's\r\ndevelopment,": [355], 'importance,': [356], 'eighteenth\r\ncenturies.': [363, 503], 'Four': [364], 'conclusions': [366], 'reached.': [368], 'First,': [369], 'due': [372, 396], 'its\r\nsuperior': [374], 'was': [376, 430, 440], 'able': [377], 'meet': [379], 'high': [381, 392], 'standards': [383], 'defined': [384], 'by\r\nthe': [385], 'thus': [388], 'ensuring': [389], 'position': [393], 'honour.\r\nSecond,': [395], 'honoured': [399], 'position,': [400], 'trombonists': [401], 'experienced': [402], 'in\r\nthe': [405], 'area': [406], 'encouraging': [410], 'composers': [411], 'include\r\nthe': [416], 'many': [419, 477], 'their': [421], 'Third,': [423], 'close': [426], 'association\r\nwith': [427], 'religious': [428], 'undoubtedly': [431], 'cause': [434], 'for': [435], 'the\r\ninstrument': [439, 480], 'only': [441], 'saved': [442], 'total': [444], 'obscurity': [445], 'eighteenth-century\r\nViennese': [448], 'composers.': [450], 'These': [451], 'men': [453], 'who': [454], 'both': [455], 'valued': [456], 'reputation': [459], 'realised': [461], 'potential.': [463], 'Finally': [464], 'actually': [467], 'flourished': [468], 'few': [471], 'localities': [472], 'time': [475], 'when': [476], 'historians': [478], 'considered': [479], 'obsolete.\r\nIt': [483], 'hoped': [485], 'will': [489], 'contribute': [490], 'resurgent': [493], 'interest': [494], 'historical': [497]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W7672789', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T03:17:49.430881', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}