Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4250145052', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200009283431307', 'title': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'display_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-09-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4250145052', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200009283431307', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11006371'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200009283431307', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62468778', 'display_name': 'New England Journal of Medicine', 'issn_l': '0028-4793', 'issn': ['0028-4793', '1533-4406'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320239', 'host_organization_name': 'Massachusetts Medical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320239'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Massachusetts Medical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079266665', 'display_name': 'John H. Noseworthy', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1330342723', 'display_name': 'Mayo Clinic', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02qp3tb03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John H. Noseworthy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043673303', 'display_name': 'Claudia F. Lucchinetti', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-1196'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1330342723', 'display_name': 'Mayo Clinic', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02qp3tb03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Claudia Lucchinetti', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052262813', 'display_name': 'Moses Rodriguez', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6328-6497'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1330342723', 'display_name': 'Mayo Clinic', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02qp3tb03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Moses Rodriguez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040110913', 'display_name': 'Brian G. Weinshenker', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5806-6203'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1330342723', 'display_name': 'Mayo Clinic', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02qp3tb03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Brian G. Weinshenker', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 21.163, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 2796, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.904875, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '343', 'issue': '13', 'first_page': '938', 'last_page': '952'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10137', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2734', 'display_name': 'Pathology and Forensic Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10137', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2734', 'display_name': 'Pathology and Forensic Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11735', 'display_name': 'Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Related Neuropathies', 'score': 0.9908, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10308', 'display_name': 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome', 'score': 0.9804, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2745', 'display_name': 'Rheumatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis', 'display_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'score': 0.518034}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'score': 0.4146155}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780640218', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277', 'display_name': 'Multiple sclerosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8912047}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8767539}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143409427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238', 'display_name': 'Magnetic resonance imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6851853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5659349}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207886595', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138', 'display_name': 'Pathological', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5625173}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781192897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050', 'display_name': 'White matter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5327957}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780942790', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4146155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33946186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187212893', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32459763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16778335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15240663}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D009103', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018450', 'descriptor_name': 'Disease Progression', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005938', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucocorticoids', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005938', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucocorticoids', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000068556', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferon beta-1a', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000068576', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferon beta-1b', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016899', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferon-beta', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016899', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferon-beta', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009103', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009103', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009103', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009103', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010951', 'descriptor_name': 'Plasma Exchange', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012008', 'descriptor_name': 'Recurrence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200009283431307', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62468778', 'display_name': 'New England Journal of Medicine', 'issn_l': '0028-4793', 'issn': ['0028-4793', '1533-4406'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320239', 'host_organization_name': 'Massachusetts Medical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320239'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Massachusetts Medical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11006371', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.76, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 92, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1866034006', 'https://openalex.org/W1964111698', 'https://openalex.org/W1967507425', 'https://openalex.org/W1968663827', 'https://openalex.org/W1970751485', 'https://openalex.org/W1971449558', 'https://openalex.org/W1975104912', 'https://openalex.org/W1975382490', 'https://openalex.org/W1979052085', 'https://openalex.org/W1979381758', 'https://openalex.org/W1979835871', 'https://openalex.org/W1981250983', 'https://openalex.org/W1981489624', 'https://openalex.org/W1997192647', 'https://openalex.org/W1998235450', 'https://openalex.org/W1998648485', 'https://openalex.org/W1999184415', 'https://openalex.org/W2000643465', 'https://openalex.org/W2000665481', 'https://openalex.org/W2001766826', 'https://openalex.org/W2002265763', 'https://openalex.org/W2005506388', 'https://openalex.org/W2007785782', 'https://openalex.org/W2009318275', 'https://openalex.org/W2012398968', 'https://openalex.org/W2013808146', 'https://openalex.org/W2017037048', 'https://openalex.org/W2018601773', 'https://openalex.org/W2019632979', 'https://openalex.org/W2021616480', 'https://openalex.org/W2022396145', 'https://openalex.org/W2023939007', 'https://openalex.org/W2024570189', 'https://openalex.org/W2028255207', 'https://openalex.org/W2028844455', 'https://openalex.org/W2033010189', 'https://openalex.org/W2036164613', 'https://openalex.org/W2045121831', 'https://openalex.org/W2045165180', 'https://openalex.org/W2045762174', 'https://openalex.org/W2049520822', 'https://openalex.org/W2049878941', 'https://openalex.org/W2053457637', 'https://openalex.org/W2054531003', 'https://openalex.org/W2069742840', 'https://openalex.org/W2070587287', 'https://openalex.org/W2072502495', 'https://openalex.org/W2074498785', 'https://openalex.org/W2077847024', 'https://openalex.org/W2078430285', 'https://openalex.org/W2078831506', 'https://openalex.org/W2083434557', 'https://openalex.org/W2089593597', 'https://openalex.org/W2091258832', 'https://openalex.org/W2097669496', 'https://openalex.org/W2098589841', 'https://openalex.org/W2102993505', 'https://openalex.org/W2112246282', 'https://openalex.org/W2115396398', 'https://openalex.org/W2116547716', 'https://openalex.org/W2116971461', 'https://openalex.org/W2119168009', 'https://openalex.org/W2122347714', 'https://openalex.org/W2125422382', 'https://openalex.org/W2127820117', 'https://openalex.org/W2128159151', 'https://openalex.org/W2130355701', 'https://openalex.org/W2133045474', 'https://openalex.org/W2137350492', 'https://openalex.org/W2139367012', 'https://openalex.org/W2139454350', 'https://openalex.org/W2140885259', 'https://openalex.org/W2144697640', 'https://openalex.org/W2147062889', 'https://openalex.org/W2148876643', 'https://openalex.org/W2149571027', 'https://openalex.org/W2149745630', 'https://openalex.org/W2165547142', 'https://openalex.org/W2169098250', 'https://openalex.org/W2169117079', 'https://openalex.org/W2171939038', 'https://openalex.org/W2268715814', 'https://openalex.org/W2313532997', 'https://openalex.org/W2313649737', 'https://openalex.org/W2319459971', 'https://openalex.org/W2319749898', 'https://openalex.org/W2325038063', 'https://openalex.org/W2326911230', 'https://openalex.org/W2480036115', 'https://openalex.org/W4210548604', 'https://openalex.org/W4234254101', 'https://openalex.org/W4244801936'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4236733587', 'https://openalex.org/W2617222556', 'https://openalex.org/W2052277983', 'https://openalex.org/W2033180418', 'https://openalex.org/W2032997306', 'https://openalex.org/W2029817323', 'https://openalex.org/W1996110909', 'https://openalex.org/W1977549674', 'https://openalex.org/W1976892978', 'https://openalex.org/W127759534'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'More': [0], 'than': [1], '100': [2], 'years': [3, 89], 'has': [4, 75], 'passed': [5], 'since': [6], 'Charcot,': [7], 'Carswell,': [8], 'Cruveilhier,': [9], 'and': [10, 15, 24, 50, 74], 'others': [11], 'described': [12], 'the': [13, 30, 34, 45, 48, 64, 91], 'clinical': [14], 'pathological': [16], 'characteristics': [17], 'of': [18, 29, 33, 47, 81, 93], 'multiple': [19, 61], 'sclerosis.1': [20], 'This': [21], 'enigmatic,': [22], 'relapsing,': [23], 'often': [25], 'eventually': [26], 'progressive': [27], 'disorder': [28], 'white': [31], 'matter': [32], 'central': [35], 'nervous': [36], 'system': [37], 'continues': [38], 'to': [39, 43, 57], 'challenge': [40], 'investigators': [41], 'trying': [42], 'understand': [44], 'pathogenesis': [46], 'disease': [49], 'prevent': [51], 'its': [52], 'progression.2': [53], 'There': [54], 'are': [55], '250,000': [56], '350,000': [58], 'patients': [59, 82], 'with': [60], 'sclerosis': [62, 68], 'in': [63, 71], 'United': [65], 'States.3': [66], 'Multiple': [67], 'typically': [69], 'begins': [70], 'early': [72], 'adulthood': [73], 'a': [76], 'variable': [77], 'prognosis.': [78], 'Fifty': [79], 'percent': [80], 'will': [83], 'need': [84], 'help': [85], 'walking': [86], 'within': [87], '15': [88], 'after': [90], 'onset': [92], 'disease.4': [94], 'Advanced': [95], 'magnetic': [96], 'resonance': [97], 'imaging': [98], '(MRI)': [99], '.': [100, 101, 102]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4250145052', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 74}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 75}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 86}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 100}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 101}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 131}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 133}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 147}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 148}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 152}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 179}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 158}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T16:44:09.909455', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}