Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4240942801', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374105-9.00480-9', 'title': 'Melanin', 'display_name': 'Melanin', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4240942801', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374105-9.00480-9'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374105-9.00480-9', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463230', 'display_name': 'Elsevier eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110415620', 'display_name': 'M. Naoi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Naoi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108609145', 'display_name': 'W. Maruyama', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160102', 'display_name': 'National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05h0rw812', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160102']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. Maruyama', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160102']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069476421', 'display_name': 'Peter Riederer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-6335'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I25974101', 'display_name': 'University of Würzburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00fbnyb24', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I25974101']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. Riederer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I25974101']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.720955, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 64, 'max': 71}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '169', 'last_page': '171'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments", 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments", 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13991', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Receptors and Signaling', 'score': 0.9801, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12610', 'display_name': 'RNA regulation and disease', 'score': 0.9761, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pars-compacta', 'display_name': 'Pars compacta', 'score': 0.97603273}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromelanin', 'display_name': 'Neuromelanin', 'score': 0.9366379}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'score': 0.43767634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/degeneration', 'display_name': 'Degeneration (medical)', 'score': 0.4124109}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776773494', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3366041', 'display_name': 'Pars compacta', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.97603273}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780938664', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753278', 'display_name': 'Substantia nigra', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.963426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43310041', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981297', 'display_name': 'Neuromelanin', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.9366379}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107538193', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187526', 'display_name': 'Melanin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6236876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779734285', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's disease", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4955691}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C513476851', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304', 'display_name': 'Dopamine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47564527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4701013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780942790', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43767634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779354088', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15467261', 'display_name': 'Degeneration (medical)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4124109}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3693855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33065397}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2709257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.20921603}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18133822}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137183658', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076', 'display_name': 'Dopaminergic', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.17928302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09939778}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374105-9.00480-9', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463230', 'display_name': 'Elsevier eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 14, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1967922486', 'https://openalex.org/W1986351290', 'https://openalex.org/W1986696867', 'https://openalex.org/W1988236119', 'https://openalex.org/W1993398728', 'https://openalex.org/W1999627180', 'https://openalex.org/W2005754114', 'https://openalex.org/W2073760242', 'https://openalex.org/W2086361121', 'https://openalex.org/W2091184602', 'https://openalex.org/W2104328681', 'https://openalex.org/W2111025546', 'https://openalex.org/W2120029288', 'https://openalex.org/W2124010317'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4240942801', 'https://openalex.org/W3049065873', 'https://openalex.org/W2903786868', 'https://openalex.org/W2630340255', 'https://openalex.org/W2160509226', 'https://openalex.org/W2139856185', 'https://openalex.org/W2123812707', 'https://openalex.org/W2086361121', 'https://openalex.org/W2073396373', 'https://openalex.org/W1654412445'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4240942801', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T18:39:19.737105', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}