Abstract: Abstract (Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition) Vol. 79 (2008) No. 3 (pp. 255–352) Original Papers Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and wood charcoal application on absorption of zinc and copper by maize in pig farmyard manure applied soil. – Analysis of AM fungal propagules in soil by MIDI system Shinichi OGIYAMA*1, Hiroyuki SUZUKI*2, Kazunori SAKAMOTO*3, and Kazuyuki INUBUSHI*3 *1 Res. Cent. Radiat. Safety, Natl. Inst. Radiol. Sci., *2 Grad. Sch. Pharm. Sci., Chiba Univ., *3 Grad. Sch. Hort., Chiba Univ. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 255–262, 2008) In a pot experiment, we examined zinc and copper absorption by maize (Zea mays L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using an Andosol obtained from a field amended with pig farmyard manure and wood charcoal. Maize plants were cultivated with two fungi, with or without charcoal application. Soil zinc and copper concentrations did not change and did not differ among treatments, so it was not clear whether plant absorption or any treatment affected soil zinc and copper concentrations. Shoot zinc concentration was higher in soil with the fungi despite the application of wood charcoal, but shoot copper accumulation was relatively low. More fatty acid varieties were found in soil containing the fungi, and the 16:1w5 fraction that is typical of the fungi accounted for the highest proportion of the total. Fatty acid levels increased significantly in the soil with Glomus sp. CB0301, especially in soil amended with wood charcoal. Although the effect of wood charcoal on fungal colonization was unclear, the amount of 16:1w5 in the soil was significantly and positively correlated with the number of fungal spores. The MIDI system provided soil fatty acid composition and quantitative analysis, including fatty acids specific to the fungi (i.e., 16:1w5). Inoculation of soils with the fungi enhanced plant absorption of zinc from pig farmyard manure, and wood charcoal application to the soil did not affect root colonization by the fungi but did increase the quantity of fungal propagules in the soil. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, pig farmyard manure, soil fatty acids, wood charcoal, zinc, copper Accumulation of phosphate in greenhouse soils planted with small-fruited watermelons in Ibaraki prefecture. Hiroyuki OHSHIMA and Itsuo GOTO Fac.Applied Bio-Sci.,Tokyo Univ.Agric. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 263–271, 2008) Soil chemical properties in greenhouses planted with small-fruited watermelons, and especially phosphate content, were investigated by conducting soil analyses in 32 greenhouses in Chikusei City, Ibaraki Prefecture, where sudden wilt disease occurs frequently. Although application rates for nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were similar to those recommended for Ibaraki Prefecture, the amount of phosphate applied was approximately twice the recommended rate. The amounts of phosphate and potassium in the compost applied for soil amendment were more than 60% of the levels recommended for fertilizers, and this accounts for the surplus nutrients. The soils of the greenhouses were Andosols, and virgin Andosols in the region exhibit strong acid reactions and a lack of exchangeable bases and available phosphate. Conversely, pH(H2O), degree of base saturation, base balances, and available micronutrients in the greenhouse soils were considered suboptimal for watermelon culture. Mean nitrate nitrogen content in the plow layer reached 200 mg kg−1. Interestingly, despite being an Andosol, the mean available phosphate content in the plow layer was 1950 mg P2O5 kg−1, approximately 20% of which was water-soluble. The greenhouses had been used for continuous cropping of small-fruited watermelon for 40 years. Their soils had total phosphate concentrations of 4.36 Mg P2O5 ha−1 that had accumulated to soil depths of 60 cm and exhibited markedly decreased phosphate absorption coefficients and soluble aluminum. A marked accumulation of soil nutrients (and particularly nitrate nitrogen and phosphate) were observed in the greenhouses used to cultivate small-fruited watermelons. Key words: excess phosphate in soils, greenhouse soil, small-fruited watermelon, soil testing, sudden wilt disease Isolation and characterization of genes induced by a short time of treatment with Nod factors in soybean suspension-cultured cells using a PCR-based cDNA subtraction method Tadashi YOKOYAMA, Akinori YAMADA and Yasuhiro ARIMA Tokyo Univ. of Agric. and Technology (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 273–282, 2008) Lipochito-oligosaccharides (Nod factors) produced by Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobium are key signaling molecules that elicit nodulation in their corresponding host legumes. To clarify gene expression induced by treatment with Nod factors in soybean suspension-cultured cells, we subtracted cDNAs induced by the Nod factors from those induced by elicitors of Mycosphaerella pinodes using a PCR-based cDNA subtraction method. We isolated four cDNA clones: nsc1 and nsc2 had high DNA homology to soybean expressed sequence tags (ESTs) obtained from super-nod plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 prior to harvest, nsc3 had high DNA homology to a soybean 4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) gene, and nsc4 had high similarity to a soybean EST obtained from 2- to 3-week-old soybean seedlings in which sudden death syndrome had been induced by Fusarium solani. We reconfirmed expression of genes corresponding to the nsc clones induced by Nod factors in soybean suspension-cultured cells, but no gene expression was induced by M. pinodes elicitors. To elucidate changes in gene expression profiles over time, we monitored levels of transcripts corresponding to the nsc clones in the suspension-cultured cells with the Nod factors for 4 h using the RT-PCR/Southern method. Levels of all transcripts increased rapidly within 10 min after treatment with the Nod factors, then gradually decreased, except for nsc4, whose transcripts remained stable. For nsc3, a homologue of soybean 4CL was isolated from soybean roots, and changes over time in its transcription level in soybean germinated roots after treatment with Nod factors were monitored using RT-PCR. We also confirmed that these roots showed a more rapid increase in 4CL transcripts than in roots without the Nod treatment. Key words: Bradyrhizobium, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Nod factors, soybean, suspension-cultured cells, symbiosis Effect of combined applications of 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate and cattle manure composts on nitrogen supply potential of soil to spinach Masahiko KATOH, Yasuhito HAYASHI and Hiromasa MORIKUNI JA ZEN-NOH R&D Cent. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 283–289, 2008) Nitrogen (N) uptake by spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was measured under the combined use of inorganic fertilizer and composts. The combined application of composts and ammonium sulfate increased N mineralization from the composts by about 5 to 10%. This increase in N mineralization was negatively correlated with the C/(N + fAN) ratio, where C and N represent the carbon (C) and N contents derived from the composts (mg kg−1 soil), and fAN represents the amount of N derived from ammonium sulfate (mg kg−1 soil). The combined application of 15N ammonium sulfate and composts significantly increased spinach yield compared with a single application of 15N ammonium sulfate. This was true for all composts used in this experiment. The combined application of 15N ammonium sulfate and composts increased spinach uptake of N derived from the soil and the composts. Contents of soil inorganic N derived from soil and composts were positively correlated with N uptake by spinach from the soil and composts. These findings indicated that providing appropriate amounts of inorganic N fertilizer requires farmers to account for the additional mineralization of N from the composts when composts are also provided. Key words: 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate, combined application, cattle composts, nitrogen supply, spinach Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and salinity stress on biomass production, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress in tomato plants Mizuki TAKAGI, Sachiko SASAKI, Shinichiro TOYAMA, Syunsuke KANAI, Hirofumi SANEOKA and Kounosuke FUJITA Grad. Sch. of Biosphere Sci., Hiroshima Univ. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 291–297, 2008) Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. ‘Momotarou’) plants were grown in pots inside a greenhouse. The adverse effects of salinity stress under elevated atmospheric CO2 on biomass production, the apparent photosynthetic rate, and activities of antioxidative enzymes during the vegetative growth period were examined. Although salinity stress severely decreased biomass of all plant organs, this reduction was alleviated by elevated CO2. The salinity treatment also depressed the apparent photosynthetic rate, but the impact of salinity stress on photosynthesis was alleviated under elevated CO2. Catalase activity in leaves was increased by the salinity treatment, but was decreased by elevated CO2. In contrast, APX activity was increased by salinity but was not affected by elevated CO2. These results suggest that salinity stress suppressed vegetative growth in tomato plants, but that the adverse effect was alleviated under elevated CO2 due to elevation of source activity in leaves at high source/sink ratios. Key words: elevated CO2 concentration, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, salinity stress, tomato, source/sink relationships Notes Analysis of “eco pots” made from shochu distillation lees as nitrogen fertilizer Masahito YAMAUCHI*1, Naoya CHISYAKI*2, Masayoshi YAMADA*3,4, Sumio MASUDA*5, Mami YONEDA*6,7 and Shunji INANAGA*2 *1Kagoshima National College of Technology, *2Kagoshima University, Faculty of Agriculture, *3Nagaoka University of Technology, Department of Engineering, *4present address: Kagoshima National College of Technology, *5Fuculty of Engineering university of Miyazaki, *6Kagoshima National College of Technology, *7present address: NIPPON HUME CORPORATION (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 299–302, 2008) Changes in mitigating effects of vulpia myuros C.C.Gmel culture on phosphorus loss in surface runoff from Citrus Orchard Soil Ittetsu YAMAGA* 1,2, Yasuyuki SUGIYAMA* 3, Kazuhiko TAKAHASHI* 3 *1Shizuoka Prefecture agriculture and forestry technological laboratory fruit tree research center, *2present address: Toonourin office in Shizuoka Prefecture, *3Shizuoka Prefecture agriculture and forestry technological laboratory fruit tree research center (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 303–306, 2008) Soil acidification of watermelon fields in chiba prefecture where sudden wilt occurs frequently Hiroyuki OHSHIMA and Itsuo GOTO Tokyo University of Agriculture, Applied Biosciences (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 307–311, 2008) Current Topics The new drainage technology “Cutting Drain” of digging type mole drain Iwao KITAGAWA* 1,2, Harunobu TAKEUCHI* 1,3, Yasutaka TSUKAMOTO* 1 and Miyuki SUEHISA* 1 *1Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experiment Station *2present address: National Institute for Rural Engineering, *3present address: Hokkaido Prefectural Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 313–316, 2008) Index of soil nitrogen fertility for organic vegetable fields and its rapid analysis. Toshiro NAKATSUJI* 1, Masami SAKAGUCHI* 2, Tetsuji YANAGIHARA* 2, Masayuki ONODERA* 1 and Michihiko SAKURAI* 2,3 *1Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experiment Station, *2Hokkaido Prefectural Kamikawa Agricultural Experiment Station , *3present address: Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experiment Station (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 317–321, 2008) Lectures Models to evaluate nitrogen flows in various scale as a pedon, field and a water catchment. 4. Nitrogen movement models at large scales Sonoko D. KIMURA Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 79, 323–331, 2008)
Publication Year: 2008
Publication Date: 2008-10-01
Language: en
Type: article
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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