Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4232001557', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1988.10488313', 'title': 'Signal-to-Noise Ratios, Performance Criteria, and Transformations', 'display_name': 'Signal-to-Noise Ratios, Performance Criteria, and Transformations', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4232001557', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1988.10488313'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1988.10488313', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S985303', 'display_name': 'Technometrics', 'issn_l': '0040-1706', 'issn': ['0040-1706', '1537-2723'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112669993', 'display_name': 'George E. P. Box', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135310074', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Madison', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01y2jtd41', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'George Box', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5112669993'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.656, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 338, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.99954, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '30', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '17'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11798', 'display_name': 'Optimal Experimental Design Methods', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1803', 'display_name': 'Management Science and Operations Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11798', 'display_name': 'Optimal Experimental Design Methods', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1803', 'display_name': 'Management Science and Operations Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11159', 'display_name': 'Manufacturing Process and Optimization', 'score': 0.9823, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2209', 'display_name': 'Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11443', 'display_name': 'Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring', 'score': 0.9543, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1804', 'display_name': 'Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/value', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'score': 0.53595144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-value', 'display_name': 'Expected value', 'score': 0.41889447}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204241405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499', 'display_name': 'Transformation (genetics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6665422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781249084', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656', 'display_name': 'Preference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.600616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99498987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247', 'display_name': 'Noise (video)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5849307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776291640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53595144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780586882', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643', 'display_name': 'Simple (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5252152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.521281}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5150835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83469408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525', 'display_name': 'Taguchi methods', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5146085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22679943', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375', 'display_name': 'Standard deviation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50214076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49744704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778113609', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10897', 'display_name': 'Lambda', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4906117}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4508082}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42085737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141042865', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200125', 'display_name': 'Expected value', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41889447}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19079366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13533133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115961682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623', 'display_name': 'Image (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1988.10488313', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S985303', 'display_name': 'Technometrics', 'issn_l': '0040-1706', 'issn': ['0040-1706', '1537-2723'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 30, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W129305155', 'https://openalex.org/W1526262927', 'https://openalex.org/W1598266570', 'https://openalex.org/W1964105999', 'https://openalex.org/W1968226729', 'https://openalex.org/W2006901874', 'https://openalex.org/W2017356408', 'https://openalex.org/W2030343814', 'https://openalex.org/W2046033161', 'https://openalex.org/W2066094897', 'https://openalex.org/W2070202718', 'https://openalex.org/W2164475391', 'https://openalex.org/W2321095954', 'https://openalex.org/W25587163', 'https://openalex.org/W2798122723', 'https://openalex.org/W2798196259', 'https://openalex.org/W2799720164', 'https://openalex.org/W2900922856', 'https://openalex.org/W309125953', 'https://openalex.org/W4229651205', 'https://openalex.org/W4230627429', 'https://openalex.org/W4231000141', 'https://openalex.org/W4233110100', 'https://openalex.org/W4241855065', 'https://openalex.org/W4242186041', 'https://openalex.org/W4243557959', 'https://openalex.org/W4250896335', 'https://openalex.org/W4252928681', 'https://openalex.org/W4253147876', 'https://openalex.org/W4253934678'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W778881360', 'https://openalex.org/W4200005491', 'https://openalex.org/W2186534316', 'https://openalex.org/W2141801573', 'https://openalex.org/W2110362009', 'https://openalex.org/W2104509673', 'https://openalex.org/W2097104586', 'https://openalex.org/W2042858286', 'https://openalex.org/W1899929387', 'https://openalex.org/W1660662692'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'For': [1], 'the': [2, 45, 49, 58, 96, 106, 148, 167, 172, 215, 244, 253], 'analysis': [3, 107, 222, 273], 'of': [4, 51, 110, 129, 195, 202, 217, 220, 235, 246, 255, 262, 295], 'designed': [5], 'experiments,': [6], 'Taguchi': [7], 'uses': [8, 147], 'performance': [9, 213], 'criteria': [10, 19, 156, 189], 'that': [11, 94, 146, 185, 223, 260], 'he': [12], 'calls': [13], 'signal-to-noise': [14], '(SN)': [15], 'ratios.': [16], 'Three': [17], 'such': [18, 212], 'are': [20, 231], 'here': [21, 122, 184], 'denoted': [22], 'by': [23, 104, 268, 279], 'SN': [24, 27, 31, 36, 75, 157, 160], 'T': [25, 37, 76], ',': [26, 29], 'L': [28, 158], 'and': [30, 70, 134, 140, 159, 197, 229, 249], 'S': [32, 161], '.': [33, 92], 'The': [34, 155], 'criterion': [35], 'was': [38, 77, 87, 169], 'to': [39, 44, 79, 89, 150, 170, 211, 240, 252, 283], 'be': [40, 100, 206, 266], 'used': [41], 'in': [42, 108, 165], 'preference': [43, 210], 'standard': [46], 'deviation': [47], 'for': [48, 53, 124, 163], 'problem': [50, 82], 'achieving,': [52], 'some': [54], 'quality': [55, 263], 'characteristic': [56], 'y,': [57], 'smallest': [59], 'mean': [60], 'squared': [61], 'error': [62], 'about': [63], 'an': [64, 152, 192, 236], 'operating': [65], 'target': [66], 'value.': [67], 'León,': [68], 'Shoemaker,': [69], 'Kacker': [71], '(1987)': [72], 'showed': [73], 'how': [74], 'appropriate': [78, 153], 'solve': [80], 'this': [81, 247], 'only': [83, 282], 'when': [84], 'σ': [85, 132], 'y': [86, 91, 112, 133, 136], 'proportional': [88], 'μ': [90, 135], 'On': [93], 'assumption,': [95], 'same': [97], 'result': [98], 'could': [99], 'obtained': [101], 'more': [102, 117, 285], 'simply': [103], 'conducting': [105], 'terms': [109], 'log': [111], 'rather': [113, 277], 'than': [114, 278], 'y.': [115], 'A': [116, 233], 'general': [118], 'transformation': [119], 'approach': [120, 248], 'is': [121, 144, 182, 258], 'introduced': [123], 'other,': [125], 'commonly': [126], 'met': [127], 'kinds': [128], 'dependence': [130], 'between': [131], '(including': [137], 'no': [138], 'dependence),': [139], 'a': [141], 'lambda': [142], 'plot': [143], 'presented': [145], 'data': [149, 196, 221, 272], 'suggest': [151], 'transformation.': [154], 'were': [162], 'problems': [164], 'which': [166], 'objective': [168], 'make': [171], 'response': [173], 'as': [174, 177, 179, 200], 'large': [175], 'or': [176], 'small': [178], 'possible.': [180], 'It': [181, 257], 'argued': [183, 259], 'these': [186], 'predecided': [187, 287], '"portmanteau"': [188], 'can': [190, 205, 224], 'provide': [191], 'inadequate': [193], 'summary': [194], 'that,': [198], 'regarded': [199], 'measures': [201], 'location,': [203], 'they': [204], 'extremely': [207], 'inefficient.': [208], 'In': [209], 'criteria,': [214], 'merits': [216], 'simple': [218], 'methods': [219], 'uncover': [225], 'information': [226], 'both': [227], 'expected': [228], 'unexpected': [230], 'urged.': [232], 'reanalysis': [234], 'interesting': [237], 'experiment': [238], 'due': [239], 'Quinlan': [241], '(1985)': [242], 'illustrates': [243], 'value': [245], 'its': [250], 'contribution': [251], 'art': [254], 'discovery.': [256], 'improvement': [261], 'will': [264], 'best': [265], 'catalyzed': [267], 'engineers': [269], 'using': [270], 'elementary': [271], 'with': [274], 'computer': [275], 'graphics': [276], 'those': [280], 'trained': [281], 'employ': [284], 'rigid': [286], 'criteria.': [288], 'KEY': [289], 'WORDS:': [290], 'OptimizationExperimental': [291], 'designTaguchiParameter': [292], 'designData': [293], 'analysisArt': [294], 'discovery': [296]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4232001557', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T09:22:42.029059', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}