Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3158307385', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.24248/easci-d-20-00011', 'title': 'The effect of coexistence between larvae of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus on larvicidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis', 'display_name': 'The effect of coexistence between larvae of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus on larvicidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-03-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3158307385', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.24248/easci-d-20-00011', 'mag': '3158307385'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.24248/easci-d-20-00011', 'pdf_url': 'http://easci.eahealth.org/index.php/easci/article/download/42/217', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210179451', 'display_name': 'East Africa Science', 'issn_l': '2664-0996', 'issn': ['2664-0996', '2664-1003'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'http://easci.eahealth.org/index.php/easci/article/download/42/217', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073527965', 'display_name': 'Yahya A. Derua', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-9242'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I38365063', 'display_name': 'Tumaini University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0511zqc76', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I38365063']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164902', 'display_name': 'National Institute for Medical Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05fjs7w98', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801810276', 'https://openalex.org/I4210164902']}], 'countries': ['TZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yahya A. Derua', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University Makumira, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania: National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, P. O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University Makumira, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania: National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, P. O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I38365063', 'https://openalex.org/I4210164902']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051917234', 'display_name': 'Eliningaya J. Kweka', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-4008'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210104686', 'display_name': 'Tropical Pesticides Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01camwr54', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104686']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I273065767', 'display_name': 'Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/015qmyq14', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I273065767']}], 'countries': ['TZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eliningaya J. Kweka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania: Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania: Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104686', 'https://openalex.org/I273065767']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021828827', 'display_name': 'William Kisinza', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-186X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204250578', 'display_name': 'University of California, Irvine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04gyf1771', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'William N. Kisinza', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031221050', 'display_name': 'Guiyun Yan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-2925'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204250578', 'display_name': 'University of California, Irvine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04gyf1771', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Guiyun Yan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113842333', 'display_name': 'Andrew K. Githeko', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2841861', 'display_name': 'Kenya Medical Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04r1cxt79', 'country_code': 'KE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2841861', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['KE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew K. Githeko', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Climate and Human Health Research Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Climate and Human Health Research Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2841861']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109040483', 'display_name': 'Franklin W. Mosha', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I38365063', 'display_name': 'Tumaini University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0511zqc76', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I38365063']}], 'countries': ['TZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Franklin W. Mosha', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University Makumira, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University Makumira, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I38365063']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.159, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 2, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.32811, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 67, 'max': 72}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '77', 'last_page': '85'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11075', 'display_name': 'Insect Resistance and Genetics', 'score': 0.9942, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11075', 'display_name': 'Insect Resistance and Genetics', 'score': 0.9942, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10166', 'display_name': 'Mosquito-borne diseases and control', 'score': 0.98, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11065', 'display_name': 'Insect Pest Control Strategies', 'score': 0.9738, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/culex-quinquefasciatus', 'display_name': 'Culex quinquefasciatus', 'score': 0.9736942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-gambiae', 'display_name': 'Anopheles gambiae', 'score': 0.92262304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-thuringiensis', 'display_name': 'Bacillus thuringiensis', 'score': 0.684014}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776217558', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3007100', 'display_name': 'Culex quinquefasciatus', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9736942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776802408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135237', 'display_name': 'Anopheles gambiae', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.92262304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173758957', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270', 'display_name': 'Larva', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8257128}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104488531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864212', 'display_name': 'Bioassay', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.79472977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.77624977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779035793', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310467', 'display_name': 'Bacillus thuringiensis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.684014}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42972112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201', 'display_name': 'Veterinary medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.56233144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779518617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276595', 'display_name': 'Culex', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.54727507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781375639', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158597', 'display_name': 'Anopheles', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4523337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33070731', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218', 'display_name': 'Toxicology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4515589}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17829016}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778048844', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156', 'display_name': 'Malaria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.11991343}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.09127903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777775583', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148004', 'display_name': 'Aedes aegypti', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.06374514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.055378824}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.04423827}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.042860538}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.24248/easci-d-20-00011', 'pdf_url': 'http://easci.eahealth.org/index.php/easci/article/download/42/217', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210179451', 'display_name': 'East Africa Science', 'issn_l': '2664-0996', 'issn': ['2664-0996', '2664-1003'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.24248/easci-d-20-00011', 'pdf_url': 'http://easci.eahealth.org/index.php/easci/article/download/42/217', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210179451', 'display_name': 'East Africa Science', 'issn_l': '2664-0996', 'issn': ['2664-0996', '2664-1003'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.43, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'display_name': 'Life on land'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3158307385', 'https://openalex.org/W3019751187', 'https://openalex.org/W2937579827', 'https://openalex.org/W2900013725', 'https://openalex.org/W2380645670', 'https://openalex.org/W2360068008', 'https://openalex.org/W2165257089', 'https://openalex.org/W2011047279', 'https://openalex.org/W1990195336', 'https://openalex.org/W1968890548'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Background:': [0], 'The': [1, 205], 'efficacy': [2], 'of': [3, 17, 22, 49, 106, 139, 171, 179, 198, 210, 221, 228, 238, 247, 255], 'Bacillus': [4], 'thuringiensis': [5], 'var.': [6], 'israelensis': [7], '(Bti)': [8], 'is': [9, 260], 'affected': [10], 'by': [11, 76], 'several': [12], 'factors': [13], 'including': [14], 'the': [15, 18, 37, 46, 96, 107, 177, 201, 229], 'species': [16, 24, 98, 231], 'mosquito.': [19], 'Mosquito': [20], 'larvae': [21, 69, 88, 108, 209, 227, 257], 'different': [23, 92, 129], 'are': [25], 'found': [26], 'to': [27, 59, 71, 143, 153, 189, 217, 242, 258], 'coexist': [28], 'in': [29, 80, 91, 109, 122, 187, 195, 240, 253], 'larval': [30, 54, 271], 'breeding': [31], 'habitats.': [32], 'This': [33], 'study': [34], 'evaluated': [35], 'whether': [36], 'coexistence': [38, 199], 'between': [39, 200], 'Anopheles': [40], 'gambiae': [41, 62, 83, 157, 223, 275], 'and': [42, 66, 85, 103, 125, 141, 165, 277], 'Culex': [43], 'quinquefasciatus': [44, 68, 87, 148, 181, 212, 279], 'affect': [45], 'larvicidal': [47], 'activity': [48], 'Bti.
': [50], 'Methods:': [51], 'Two': [52], 'parallel': [53, 78], 'bioassay': [55], 'experiments': [56], 'were': [57, 74, 89, 120, 213], 'conducted': [58], 'test': [60], 'A.': [61, 82, 156, 222, 274], 'sensu': [63], 'stricto': [64], '(s.s)': [65], 'C.': [67, 86, 147, 180, 211, 248, 278], 'susceptibility': [70, 188], 'Bti.': [72], 'They': [73], 'followed': [75], 'three': [77, 100, 128], 'bioassays': [79], 'which': [81], 's.s': [84, 158, 276], 'mixed': [90], 'proportions': [93], 'such': [94], 'that': [95, 208, 266], 'earlier': [97], 'contributed': [99], 'quarters,': [101], 'half': [102], 'a': [104, 235], 'quarter': [105], 'each': [110, 115], 'testing': [111], 'cup': [112], 'respectively.': [113], 'In': [114, 167], 'bioassay,': [116], 'six': [117], 'Bti': [118, 140, 154, 172, 190, 218, 243, 259], 'concentrations': [119], 'tested': [121], 'four': [123], 'replicates': [124], 'repeated': [126], 'on': [127], 'days.': [130], 'Larvae': [131], 'mortality': [132], 'was': [133, 149, 173, 191, 234], 'scored': [134], '24': [135], 'hours': [136], 'after': [137], 'application': [138], 'subjected': [142], 'Probit': [144], 'analysis.
': [145], 'Results:': [146], 'significantly': [150, 174, 214], 'more': [151, 215], 'susceptible': [152, 216], 'than': [155, 219], 'at': [159, 193], 'both': [160], 'lethal': [161], 'concentration': [162], 'values': [163], '(LC50': [164], 'LC95).': [166], 'coexisting': [168, 256], 'scenario,': [169], 'LC50': [170], 'lower': [175], 'when': [176, 226], 'proportion': [178, 197, 246], 'exceeded': [182], '50%.': [183], 'No': [184], 'significant': [185], 'variation': [186], 'observed': [192], 'LC95': [194], 'any': [196], 'two': [202, 230], 'species.
': [203], 'Conclusion:': [204], 'findings': [206, 264], 'show': [207], 'those': [220], 's.s.': [224], 'Moreover,': [225], 'coexisted,': [232], 'there': [233], 'general': [236], 'trend': [237], 'increase': [239, 252], 'sensitivity': [241, 254], 'with': [244], 'higher': [245], 'quinquefasciatus.': [249], 'Although': [250], 'this': [251], 'worth': [261], 'noting,': [262], 'our': [263], 'suggest': [265], 'it': [267], 'will': [268], 'not': [269], 'impact': [270], 'control': [272], 'where': [273], 'coexist.': [280]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3158307385', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T11:27:09.387180', 'created_date': '2021-05-10'}