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[0], 'as': [1], 'a': [2, 19], 'traditional': [3], 'oral': [4], 'hypoglycemic': [5], 'agent,': [6], 'is': [7], 'commonly': [8], 'used': [9], 'in': [10, 56], 'the': [11, 31, 48, 73, 85], 'clinical': [12, 97], 'treatment': [13], 'for': [14], 'type': [15, 35], '2': [16, 36], 'diabetes.': [17], 'Recently,': [18], 'large': [20], 'number': [21], 'of': [22, 34, 53, 76], 'epidemiological': [23], 'researches': [24], 'have': [25], 'shown': [26], 'that': [27, 44], 'metformin': [28, 45, 77], 'could': [29, 46], 'reduce': [30], 'tumor': [32], 'morbidity': [33], 'diabetes,': [37], 'moreover,': [38], 'it': [39], 'has': [40], 'also': [41], 'been': [42], 'indicated': [43], 'inhibit': [47], 'growth,': [49], 'proliferation': [50], 'and': [51, 63, 84, 93], 'transformation': [52, 67], 'cancer': [54], 'cells': [55, 66], 'metabolic': [57], 'pathways,': [58], 'cell': [59], 'cycle,': [60], 'oxidative': [61], 'stress': [62], 'cancer/tumor': [64], 'stem': [65], 'via': [68, 78], 'AMPK': [69, 79], 'pathway': [70], 'activation.': [71], 'But': [72], 'antitumor': [74], 'effect': [75], 'activation': [80], 'still': [81], 'exists': [82], 'arguments,': [83], 'definite': [86], 'mechanism': [87], 'remains': [88], 'to': [89], 'be': [90], 'further': [91], 'investigated': [92], 'confirmed': [94], 'by': [95], 'extensive': [96], 'trials.二甲双胍是一种传统的口服降糖药,临床上普遍用于2型糖尿病的治疗。近年来大量流行病学研究报道二甲双胍能够降低2型糖尿病患者的肿瘤发病率,亦有研究发现二甲双胍能在代谢途径、细胞周期、氧化应激、肿瘤干细胞转化等方面通过激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine': [98], 'monophosphate-activated': [99], 'protein': [100], 'kinase,': [101], 'AMPK)信号通路,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖以及转化。但二甲双胍通过激活AMPK的抗肿瘤机制仍存在着争议,其确切的作用机制有待进一步深入的研究,同时亟需大规模的临床试验来证实。': [102]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W314546206', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-04T03:58:38.024937', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}