Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3121970507', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399720985431', 'title': 'Application of Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety to Interorganizational Conflicts in Nonprofit Organizations', 'display_name': 'Application of Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety to Interorganizational Conflicts in Nonprofit Organizations', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-01-19', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3121970507', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399720985431', 'mag': '3121970507'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399720985431', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S5465880', 'display_name': 'Administration & Society', 'issn_l': '0095-3997', 'issn': ['0095-3997', '1552-3039'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050468599', 'display_name': 'Ahmed Alojairi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I134085113', 'display_name': 'King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03yez3163', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}], 'countries': ['SA'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ahmed S. Alojairi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5050468599'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.643, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 2, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.805912, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 67, 'max': 72}, 'biblio': {'volume': '53', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': '987', 'last_page': '1013'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11120', 'display_name': 'Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11120', 'display_name': 'Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12121', 'display_name': 'Cooperative Studies and Economics', 'score': 0.9914, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10154', 'display_name': 'Customer Service Quality and Loyalty', 'score': 0.9189, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1407', 'display_name': 'Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136197465', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295', 'display_name': 'Variety (cybernetics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.96958035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780598303', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492', 'display_name': 'Flexibility (engineering)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7784629}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47066152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43214815', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987', 'display_name': 'Reliability (semiconductor)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4513716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44360983}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36110136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195094911', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904', 'display_name': 'Process management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34678018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187736073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921', 'display_name': 'Management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18425709}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10962224}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.098819375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06247896}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C163258240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342', 'display_name': 'Power (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399720985431', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S5465880', 'display_name': 'Administration & Society', 'issn_l': '0095-3997', 'issn': ['0095-3997', '1552-3039'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.44}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322323', 'funder_display_name': 'King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals', 'award_id': None}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 44, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1483421916', 'https://openalex.org/W1768758211', 'https://openalex.org/W1965190151', 'https://openalex.org/W1967352038', 'https://openalex.org/W1970426728', 'https://openalex.org/W1984573245', 'https://openalex.org/W2012428518', 'https://openalex.org/W2027132189', 'https://openalex.org/W2027603489', 'https://openalex.org/W2031817052', 'https://openalex.org/W2042310998', 'https://openalex.org/W2043337916', 'https://openalex.org/W2048086870', 'https://openalex.org/W2049070865', 'https://openalex.org/W2068805170', 'https://openalex.org/W2079613489', 'https://openalex.org/W2092202700', 'https://openalex.org/W2094250472', 'https://openalex.org/W2096917798', 'https://openalex.org/W2099331108', 'https://openalex.org/W2102395712', 'https://openalex.org/W2111030512', 'https://openalex.org/W2116714898', 'https://openalex.org/W2128483484', 'https://openalex.org/W2136328475', 'https://openalex.org/W2151528466', 'https://openalex.org/W2171655569', 'https://openalex.org/W2260718471', 'https://openalex.org/W2329312544', 'https://openalex.org/W2491842003', 'https://openalex.org/W2744579952', 'https://openalex.org/W2745399946', 'https://openalex.org/W2746776145', 'https://openalex.org/W2760645991', 'https://openalex.org/W2797389488', 'https://openalex.org/W2804716200', 'https://openalex.org/W285376327', 'https://openalex.org/W2899176752', 'https://openalex.org/W2936089245', 'https://openalex.org/W3123042927', 'https://openalex.org/W4231788326', 'https://openalex.org/W4235796904', 'https://openalex.org/W4243967519', 'https://openalex.org/W644710889'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W54497855', 'https://openalex.org/W3125814499', 'https://openalex.org/W3121970507', 'https://openalex.org/W2565703248', 'https://openalex.org/W217960748', 'https://openalex.org/W2143548620', 'https://openalex.org/W2110028391', 'https://openalex.org/W2090827041', 'https://openalex.org/W2032233321', 'https://openalex.org/W187246281'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0, 73], 'study': [1], 'examines': [2], 'conflict': [3, 21, 77], 'that': [4], 'can': [5], 'co-determine': [6], 'the': [7, 50, 56, 70], 'effectiveness': [8, 41], 'of': [9, 17, 26, 29, 44, 52, 76], 'nonprofit': [10], 'organization': [11], 'performance.': [12], 'Based': [13], 'on': [14], 'Ashby’s': [15], 'law': [16], 'requisite': [18], 'variety,': [19], 'interorganizational': [20], 'is': [22, 46, 55, 69], 'defined': [23], 'in': [24], 'terms': [25], 'a': [27, 89], 'lack': [28], 'fit': [30], 'between': [31, 82, 91], 'input': [32, 92], 'variety': [33, 93], 'and': [34, 84, 94], 'variety-handling': [35, 95], 'capabilities.': [36, 96], 'The': [37], 'calculated': [38], 'organizational': [39], 'interaction': [40], '(IE)': [42], 'ratio': [43], '2.04': [45], 'used': [47], 'to': [48], 'determine': [49], 'quality': [51], 'interactions.': [53], '“Flexibility”': [54], 'dominant': [57, 71], 'category': [58], 'for': [59], 'helpful': [60], 'incidents': [61, 65], '(49.03%).': [62], 'Within': [63], 'non-helpful': [64], '(45.67%),': [66], 'however,': [67], '“Unreliability”': [68], 'category.': [72], 'major': [74], 'source': [75], 'commonly': [78], 'produces': [79], 'an': [80], 'imbalance': [81], 'flexibility': [83], 'reliability': [85], 'as': [86], 'manifest': [87], 'by': [88], 'mismatch': [90]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121970507', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T06:24:09.518064', 'created_date': '2021-02-01'}