Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3121774585', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Vertical competition between manufacturers and retailers and upstream incentives to innovate and differentiate', 'display_name': 'Vertical competition between manufacturers and retailers and upstream incentives to innovate and differentiate', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3121774585', 'mag': '3121774585'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/eaae98/10050.html', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016933810', 'display_name': 'Luciano Venturini', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Luciano Venturini', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5016933810'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 61}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11161', 'display_name': 'Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1406', 'display_name': 'Marketing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11161', 'display_name': 'Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1406', 'display_name': 'Marketing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11043', 'display_name': 'Merger and Competition Analysis', 'score': 0.9944, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11437', 'display_name': 'Digital Platforms and Economics', 'score': 0.9905, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/product-differentiation', 'display_name': 'Product Differentiation', 'score': 0.5901586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stock', 'display_name': 'Stock (firearms)', 'score': 0.5038213}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-integration', 'display_name': 'Vertical Integration', 'score': 0.4905776}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29122968', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816', 'display_name': 'Incentive', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6625413}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191172861', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321', 'display_name': 'Upstream (networking)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6356771}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91306197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767', 'display_name': 'Competition (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6336631}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.60371804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783', 'display_name': 'Industrial organization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5913218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33556415', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200129', 'display_name': 'Product differentiation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5901586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204036174', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380', 'display_name': 'Stock (firearms)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5038213}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181169782', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571520', 'display_name': 'Vertical integration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4905776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90673727', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718', 'display_name': 'Product (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46472603}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162853370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809', 'display_name': 'Marketing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44506148}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58546491', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207', 'display_name': 'Competitive advantage', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41124988}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35365903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29267073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31258907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371', 'display_name': 'Computer network', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16520705', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601799', 'display_name': 'Cournot competition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/eaae98/10050.html', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.47}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3198063677', 'https://openalex.org/W3123284150', 'https://openalex.org/W3049542969', 'https://openalex.org/W2892284031', 'https://openalex.org/W2511795121', 'https://openalex.org/W2399508522', 'https://openalex.org/W2348078971', 'https://openalex.org/W2224612693', 'https://openalex.org/W2186524384', 'https://openalex.org/W2184816852', 'https://openalex.org/W2170509980', 'https://openalex.org/W2118476683', 'https://openalex.org/W2092638581', 'https://openalex.org/W2080404664', 'https://openalex.org/W2073492145', 'https://openalex.org/W2060979686', 'https://openalex.org/W1998027477', 'https://openalex.org/W1985772029', 'https://openalex.org/W1972477582', 'https://openalex.org/W1558252321'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Vertical': [0], 'competition,': [1], 'namely': [2], 'competition': [3, 53, 265, 382, 556], 'between': [4, 185, 525], "retailers'": [5, 392], 'store': [6, 404, 479, 495, 534, 600], 'brands': [7, 13, 231, 250, 273, 278, 301, 319, 378, 405, 426, 434, 442, 450, 471, 487, 501, 593], '(or': [8], 'private': [9], 'labels)': [10], 'and': [11, 32, 70, 93, 128, 136, 192, 215, 251, 287, 362, 379, 451, 516, 519, 568, 610, 646, 653], "manufacturers'": [12, 107, 336], 'has': [14, 74], 'become': [15], 'a': [16, 115, 133, 138, 152, 189, 202, 233, 340, 374, 385, 504, 550, 560, 595], 'crucial': [17, 139], 'factor': [18], 'of': [19, 21, 42, 51, 91, 125, 141, 181, 188, 283, 299, 329, 376, 409, 532, 544, 584, 591, 618, 642], 'change': [20], 'the': [22, 30, 36, 40, 43, 49, 55, 87, 110, 120, 168, 179, 186, 193, 216, 407, 429, 470, 482, 514, 522, 530, 538, 542, 603, 616, 650, 661], 'competitive': [23, 96, 142, 310, 551, 630], 'environment': [24, 552], 'in': [25, 29, 205, 227, 232, 258, 360, 368, 373, 503, 549, 649], 'several': [26, 145], 'industries,': [27], 'particularly': [28, 633], 'grocery': [31, 654], 'food': [33, 651], 'industries.': [34], 'Despite': [35], 'growing': [37], 'literature': [38], 'on': [39, 54, 102, 161, 271, 316, 323, 432, 635], 'determinants': [41], 'phenomenon,': [44], 'one': [45], 'topic': [46], 'area': [47], 'regarding': [48], 'impact': [50, 343], 'vertical': [52, 71, 95, 381, 445, 555, 629], 'upstream': [56], 'incentives': [57, 104, 357], 'to': [58, 131, 159, 212, 247, 279, 290, 292, 347, 358, 391, 399, 413, 581, 587, 606, 612, 622], 'adopt': [59], 'non-price': [60, 123, 337], 'strategies': [61, 124, 338], 'such': [62, 103, 228], 'as': [63, 66, 68, 196, 305], 'product': [64, 72, 126, 234], 'innovation': [65, 127], 'well': [67], 'horizontal': [69], 'differentiation': [73, 129], 'so': [75, 173], 'far': [76], 'received': [77], 'little': [78], 'attention.': [79], 'An': [80], 'idea': [81], 'often': [82], 'put': [83], 'forward': [84], 'is': [85, 114, 219, 268, 302, 333, 345, 371, 384, 435, 439, 475, 492, 527, 557, 573, 576, 621], 'that': [86, 122, 226, 372, 396, 428, 440, 465, 499, 521, 548, 574, 628], 'increasing': [88], 'bargaining': [89, 256], 'power': [90, 257], 'retailers': [92, 267, 313, 397, 462, 484], 'higher': [94, 597], 'pressures': [97, 311, 446, 631], 'can': [98, 443, 467], 'have': [99, 253, 339, 398, 412], 'negative': [100], 'effects': [101, 170], 'by': [105, 198, 529, 554], 'lowering': [106], 'profits.': [108], 'On': [109, 481], 'other': [111], 'hand,': [112], 'there': [113, 383], 'significant': [116], 'empirical': [117], 'evidence': [118], 'supporting': [119], 'view': [121], 'continue': [130], 'play': [132], 'key': [134, 327], 'role': [135], 'remain': [137, 582], 'source': [140], 'advantages': [143], 'for': [144, 402, 488, 578], 'manufacturers.': [146], 'In': [147, 262, 455], 'this': [148, 608], 'paper,': [149], 'we': [150, 546], 'present': [151], 'simple': [153], 'conceptual': [154], 'framework': [155, 370], 'which': [156, 164, 206, 344, 489, 563], 'allows': [157], 'us': [158], 'focus': [160], 'two': [162, 511], 'hypotheses': [163], 'interacting': [165], 'explain': [166], 'why': [167], 'disincentive': [169], 'are': [171, 245, 288, 632], 'not': [172, 209, 220, 303], 'obvious.': [174], 'The': [175, 364, 437, 571], 'first': [176], 'hypothesis': [177, 367, 540], 'regards': [178], 'existence': [180], 'an': [182], 'inverse': [183], 'relationship': [184], 'strength': [187], 'given': [190, 427, 528], 'brand': [191, 473, 490, 589], 'retail': [194, 217, 238, 297], 'margin': [195, 341, 431], 'suggested': [197], 'Robert': [199], 'Steiner.': [200], 'Through': [201], 'two-stage': [203, 331], 'model': [204, 332], 'manufacturers': [207, 354, 579], 'do': [208], 'sell': [210], 'directly': [211], 'final': [213], 'consumers': [214, 275], 'industry': [218], 'perfectly': [221], 'competitive,': [222], 'Steiner': [223], 'argued': [224], 'persuasively': [225], 'models': [229], 'leading': [230], 'category': [235], 'yield': [236], 'lower': [237, 293, 476], 'margins': [239], 'than': [240, 322, 448, 477, 494, 598], 'less': [241, 255], 'strong': [242, 249, 272, 425, 441, 634], 'brands.': [243, 325, 420, 624, 638], 'Retailers': [244, 421], 'forced': [246], 'stock': [248], 'therefore': [252], 'relatively': [254], 'negotiating': [259], 'wholesale': [260], 'prices.': [261], 'addition,': [263], 'price': [264, 285, 294, 298], 'among': [266], 'more': [269, 321], 'intense': [270, 380], 'since': [274, 335], 'select': [276], 'these': [277, 300, 433, 510, 658], 'form': [280], 'their': [281, 348, 403, 415, 478, 592], 'perceptions': [282], "stores'": [284], 'competitiveness': [286], 'ready': [289], 'shift': [291], 'stores': [295], 'if': [296], 'perceived': [304], 'competitive.': [306], 'Thus,': [307], 'intensive': [308], 'intrabrand': [309], 'discipline': [312], 'pricing': [314], 'policy': [315], 'stronger': [317], 'manufacturer': [318, 419, 500], 'much': [320], 'weaker': [324, 449], 'A': [326, 639], 'prediction': [328], "Steiner's": [330, 539], 'that,': [334], 'depressing': [342], 'additional': [346], 'direct': [349], 'demand': [350], '-': [351, 458], 'creating': [352], 'effect,': [353], 'face': [355], 'greater': [356, 493], 'invest': [359], 'advertising': [361, 569], 'R&D.': [363], 'second': [365], 'central': [366], 'our': [369], 'world': [375], 'asymmetric': [377], 'further': [386], 'mechanism': [387, 543], 'at': [388, 406, 558, 594], 'work': [389, 559], 'due': [390], 'delisting': [393, 417, 424], 'decisions.': [394], 'Given': [395], 'make': [400], 'room': [401], 'point': [408, 524], 'sale,': [410], 'they': [411, 466], 'readjust': [414], 'assortments': [416], 'some': [418, 643], 'would': [422], 'like': [423], "retailer's": [430, 533, 599], 'lower.': [436], 'problem': [438], 'contrast': [444], 'better': [447], 'cannot': [452, 485], 'be': [453, 613], 'delisted.': [454], 'making': [456], 'shelf': [457], 'space': [459], 'decisions,': [460], 'rational': [461], 'will': [463], 'recognise': [464], 'delist': [468, 486], 'only': [469, 604], 'whose': [472], 'loyalty': [474, 491, 590], 'loyalty.': [480, 496, 535, 601], 'contrary,': [483], 'This': [497], 'implies': [498], 'operate': [502], 'two-': [505], 'region': [506, 518], 'environment.': [507], 'We': [508, 625], 'call': [509], 'regions,': [512], 'respectively,': [513], "'delisting'": [515], "'no-delisting'": [517], 'show': [520, 627], 'demarcation': [523], 'them': [526], 'level': [531, 596], 'By': [536], 'combining': [537], 'with': [541, 657], 'delisting,': [545], 'argue': [547], 'characterized': [553], 'threshold': [561], 'effect': [562], 'increases': [564], 'optimal': [565], '2': [566], 'R&D': [567], 'expenditures.': [570], 'intuition': [572], 'it': [575], 'vital': [577], 'willing': [580], 'sellers': [583], 'branded': [585], 'products': [586], 'keep': [588], 'And': [602], 'way': [605], 'pursue': [607], 'goal': [609], 'avoid': [611], 'involved': [614], 'into': [615], 'risk': [617], 'being': [619], 'delisted': [620], 'boost': [623], 'also': [626], 'second-': [636], 'tier': [637], 'brief': [640], 'review': [641], 'recent': [644], 'patterns': [645], 'stylised': [647], 'facts': [648], 'industries': [652], 'channels': [655], 'consistent': [656], 'predictions': [659], 'conclude': [660], 'paper.': [662]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121774585', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T22:49:49.587513', 'created_date': '2021-02-01'}