Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W3091306688', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x', 'title': 'Feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics: a comprehensive meta-data analysis review', 'display_name': 'Feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics: a comprehensive meta-data analysis review', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-09-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W3091306688', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x', 'mag': '3091306688'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210190674', 'display_name': 'Biochar', 'issn_l': '2524-7867', 'issn': ['2524-7867', '2524-7972'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048558975', 'display_name': 'James A. Ippolito', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-0088'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92446798', 'display_name': 'Colorado State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03k1gpj17', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131357', 'https://openalex.org/I92446798']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James A. Ippolito', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92446798']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080867439', 'display_name': 'Liqiang Cui', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-9071'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92446798', 'display_name': 'Colorado State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03k1gpj17', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131357', 'https://openalex.org/I92446798']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Liqiang Cui', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92446798']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061014244', 'display_name': 'Claudia Kammann', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7477-1279'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210165358', 'display_name': 'Hochschule Geisenheim University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05myv7q56', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165358']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Claudia Kammann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Applied Ecology, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Applied Ecology, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165358']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077470111', 'display_name': 'N. Wrage', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-5655'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4665924', 'display_name': 'University of Rostock', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03zdwsf69', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4665924']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nicole Wrage-Mönnig', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Grassland and Fodder Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Grassland and Fodder Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4665924']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081516883', 'display_name': 'J. M. Estavillo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-8005'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I169108374', 'display_name': 'University of the Basque Country', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000xsnr85', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I169108374']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jose M. Estavillo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I169108374']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016506787', 'display_name': 'Teresa Fuertes‐Mendizábal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-3424'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I169108374', 'display_name': 'University of the Basque Country', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000xsnr85', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I169108374']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Teresa Fuertes-Mendizabal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I169108374']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017889878', 'display_name': 'María Luz Cayuela', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0929-4204'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210103709', 'display_name': 'Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01fah6g03', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I134820265', 'https://openalex.org/I4210103709']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Maria Luz Cayuela', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210103709']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086967685', 'display_name': 'Gilbert C. Sigua', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-1883'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01na82s61', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gilbert Sigua', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Coastal Plains Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC, 29501, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Coastal Plains Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC, 29501, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000698506', 'display_name': 'J. M. Novak', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-7141'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01na82s61', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeff Novak', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Coastal Plains Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC, 29501, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Coastal Plains Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC, 29501, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033429533', 'display_name': 'Kurt A. Spokas', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-5959'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01na82s61', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130238516', 'display_name': 'University of Minnesota', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zqws13', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kurt Spokas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, University of Minnesota, 439 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 29501, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, University of Minnesota, 439 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 29501, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'https://openalex.org/I130238516']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068610459', 'display_name': 'Nils Borchard', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I3017910207', 'display_name': 'Natural Resources Institute Finland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02hb7bm88', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I3017910207', 'https://openalex.org/I4210153464']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Nils Borchard', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3017910207']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 8, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5068610459'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3017910207'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1990, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1990, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 46.745, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 506, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.8212, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '421', 'last_page': '438'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10004', 'display_name': 'Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics', 'score': 0.9926, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1111', 'display_name': 'Soil Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10004', 'display_name': 'Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics', 'score': 0.9926, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1111', 'display_name': 'Soil Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10088', 'display_name': 'Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes', 'score': 0.9711, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11852', 'display_name': 'Clay minerals and soil interactions', 'score': 0.967, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2502', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cation-exchange-capacity', 'display_name': 'Cation-exchange capacity', 'score': 0.47789133}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56085101', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495', 'display_name': 'Biochar', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9973527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36759035', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848', 'display_name': 'Pyrolysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.935584}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206139338', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355', 'display_name': 'Raw material', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7973294}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197484155', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898477', 'display_name': 'Cation-exchange capacity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47789133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.47522074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C528095902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886', 'display_name': 'Pulp and paper industry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46648768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115540264', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560', 'display_name': 'Biomass (ecology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41155863}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107872376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355', 'display_name': 'Environmental chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4108163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34562233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2932256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6557445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113', 'display_name': 'Agronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22648126}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159750122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023', 'display_name': 'Soil water', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.20707488}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19485736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12503552}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.06798062}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.052872628}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210190674', 'display_name': 'Biochar', 'issn_l': '2524-7867', 'issn': ['2524-7867', '2524-7972'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210190674', 'display_name': 'Biochar', 'issn_l': '2524-7867', 'issn': ['2524-7867', '2524-7972'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332299', 'funder_display_name': 'National Institute of Food and Agriculture', 'award_id': '6657-12130-002-08I'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 106, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W138881793', 'https://openalex.org/W1489947495', 'https://openalex.org/W1973874914', 'https://openalex.org/W1975883133', 'https://openalex.org/W1976259802', 'https://openalex.org/W1976898426', 'https://openalex.org/W1990798706', 'https://openalex.org/W1992361518', 'https://openalex.org/W1995638081', 'https://openalex.org/W2006276740', 'https://openalex.org/W2007103119', 'https://openalex.org/W2007318876', 'https://openalex.org/W2009254120', 'https://openalex.org/W2009664952', 'https://openalex.org/W2010621767', 'https://openalex.org/W2022234639', 'https://openalex.org/W2024050834', 'https://openalex.org/W2031189848', 'https://openalex.org/W2031493035', 'https://openalex.org/W2036163101', 'https://openalex.org/W2039972428', 'https://openalex.org/W2043737321', 'https://openalex.org/W2045436756', 'https://openalex.org/W2046588949', 'https://openalex.org/W2058276357', 'https://openalex.org/W2061656902', 'https://openalex.org/W2066164591', 'https://openalex.org/W2067191927', 'https://openalex.org/W2068610404', 'https://openalex.org/W2074088553', 'https://openalex.org/W2078238238', 'https://openalex.org/W2080539324', 'https://openalex.org/W2081090796', 'https://openalex.org/W2083320402', 'https://openalex.org/W2085666598', 'https://openalex.org/W2088901483', 'https://openalex.org/W2092433581', 'https://openalex.org/W2092776913', 'https://openalex.org/W2102398472', 'https://openalex.org/W2118750261', 'https://openalex.org/W2126595087', 'https://openalex.org/W2127356939', 'https://openalex.org/W2133425177', 'https://openalex.org/W2148583852', 'https://openalex.org/W2153500382', 'https://openalex.org/W2170401055', 'https://openalex.org/W2170766395', 'https://openalex.org/W2170805351', 'https://openalex.org/W2178640296', 'https://openalex.org/W2182170457', 'https://openalex.org/W2246078125', 'https://openalex.org/W2275418867', 'https://openalex.org/W2276755444', 'https://openalex.org/W2283284423', 'https://openalex.org/W2295332116', 'https://openalex.org/W2319008547', 'https://openalex.org/W2323158939', 'https://openalex.org/W2332583865', 'https://openalex.org/W2409219597', 'https://openalex.org/W2419001935', 'https://openalex.org/W2428028230', 'https://openalex.org/W2443198213', 'https://openalex.org/W2463390486', 'https://openalex.org/W2502135579', 'https://openalex.org/W2515693163', 'https://openalex.org/W2551333320', 'https://openalex.org/W2556602559', 'https://openalex.org/W2564391281', 'https://openalex.org/W2587923480', 'https://openalex.org/W2590975876', 'https://openalex.org/W2592260628', 'https://openalex.org/W2604434046', 'https://openalex.org/W2606025943', 'https://openalex.org/W2613751647', 'https://openalex.org/W2616854902', 'https://openalex.org/W2625357718', 'https://openalex.org/W2726540672', 'https://openalex.org/W2735800771', 'https://openalex.org/W2737668198', 'https://openalex.org/W2738759876', 'https://openalex.org/W2766130505', 'https://openalex.org/W2766686734', 'https://openalex.org/W2767519545', 'https://openalex.org/W2767807548', 'https://openalex.org/W2782186261', 'https://openalex.org/W2789957287', 'https://openalex.org/W2796311154', 'https://openalex.org/W2886222268', 'https://openalex.org/W2890648565', 'https://openalex.org/W2897050651', 'https://openalex.org/W2897569712', 'https://openalex.org/W2915999115', 'https://openalex.org/W2925771411', 'https://openalex.org/W2947420740', 'https://openalex.org/W2948584957', 'https://openalex.org/W2949662106', 'https://openalex.org/W2950336980', 'https://openalex.org/W2969914469', 'https://openalex.org/W2976321434', 'https://openalex.org/W2990391465', 'https://openalex.org/W2991113481', 'https://openalex.org/W3000215085', 'https://openalex.org/W3012447550', 'https://openalex.org/W3158359585', 'https://openalex.org/W348112152', 'https://openalex.org/W769040309'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4295196983', 'https://openalex.org/W3133168690', 'https://openalex.org/W3096992177', 'https://openalex.org/W3091306688', 'https://openalex.org/W2912061930', 'https://openalex.org/W2726540672', 'https://openalex.org/W2624934358', 'https://openalex.org/W2379705666', 'https://openalex.org/W2357618853', 'https://openalex.org/W2057002539'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Various': [1], 'studies': [2], 'have': [3, 230], 'established': [4], 'that': [5, 80, 112, 186, 259], 'feedstock': [6, 187, 281], 'choice,': [7], 'pyrolysis': [8, 11, 113, 142, 157, 208, 242], 'temperature,': [9, 136], 'and': [10, 25, 44, 69, 85, 91, 167, 224, 277, 283, 300], 'type': [12, 114], 'influence': [13, 58, 81, 192], 'final': [14, 60, 82], 'biochar': [15, 28, 61, 83, 123, 194, 268], 'physicochemical': [16], 'characteristics.': [17], 'However,': [18, 178], 'overarching': [19], 'analyses': [20], 'of': [21, 36, 52, 266, 304], 'pre-biochar': [22], 'creation': [23], 'choices': [24, 49], 'correlations': [26], 'to': [27, 40, 99, 149, 161, 229, 247, 291, 295], 'characteristics': [29, 218], 'are': [30], 'severely': [31], 'lacking.': [32], 'Thus,': [33], 'the': [34, 59, 78, 106, 181, 190, 264], 'objective': [35], 'this': [37], 'work': [38], 'was': [39], 'help': [41, 296], 'researchers,': [42], 'biochar-stakeholders,': [43], 'practitioners': [45], 'make': [46], 'more': [47, 93], 'well-informed': [48], 'in': [50, 122, 201, 205, 215, 239, 250], 'terms': [51], 'how': [53], 'these': [54], 'three': [55], 'major': [56], 'parameters': [57], 'product.': [62], 'Utilizing': [63], 'approximately': [64], '5400': [65], 'peer-reviewed': [66], 'journal': [67], 'articles': [68], 'over': [70, 219], '50,800': [71], 'individual': [72], 'data': [73, 256], 'points,': [74], 'herein': [75], 'we': [76], 'elucidate': [77], 'selections': [79], 'physical': [84, 217], 'chemical': [86, 126], 'properties,': [87], 'total': [88, 284], 'nutrient': [89, 102, 252, 285], 'content,': [90], 'perhaps': [92], 'importantly': [94], 'tools': [95], 'one': [96, 260], 'can': [97, 261, 288], 'use': [98], 'predict': [100, 263], 'biochar’s': [101, 139], 'availability.': [103], 'Based': [104], 'on': [105, 180, 193, 280], 'large': [107], 'dataset': [108], 'collected,': [109], 'it': [110, 184], 'appears': [111, 185], '(fast': [115], 'or': [116], 'slow)': [117], 'plays': [118], 'a': [119, 302], 'minor': [120], 'role': [121], 'physico-': [124], '(inorganic)': [125], 'characteristics;': [127], 'few': [128], 'differences': [129], 'were': [130], 'evident': [131], 'between': [132], 'production': [133], 'styles.': [134], 'Pyrolysis': [135], 'however,': [137], 'affects': [138], 'longevity,': [140], 'with': [141, 207, 241], 'temperatures': [143, 158], '>': [144, 152], '500': [145], '°C': [146], 'generally': [147], 'leading': [148], 'longer-term': [150, 248], '(i.e.,': [151], '1000': [153], 'years)': [154], 'half-lives.': [155], 'Greater': [156], 'also': [159, 257], 'led': [160], 'biochars': [162, 227, 294], 'containing': [163], 'greater': [164, 213, 234], 'overall': [165], 'C': [166], 'specific': [168], 'surface': [169, 197], 'area': [170, 198], '(SSA),': [171], 'which': [172, 204, 238], 'could': [173, 210, 244], 'promote': [174, 212], 'soil': [175, 216, 251], 'physico-chemical': [176], 'improvements.': [177], 'based': [179, 279], 'collected': [182, 255], 'data,': [183], 'selection': [188], 'has': [189], 'largest': [191], 'properties.': [195], 'Specific': [196], 'is': [199], 'greatest': [200], 'wood-based': [202], 'biochars,': [203, 237], 'combination': [206, 240], 'temperature': [209, 243], 'likely': [211], 'changes': [214, 249], 'other': [220, 225, 236], 'feedstock-based': [221], 'biochars.': [222], 'Crop-': [223], 'grass-based': [226], 'appear': [228], 'cation': [231], 'exchange': [232], 'capacities': [233], 'than': [235], 'potentially': [245], 'lead': [246], 'retention.': [253], 'The': [254], 'suggest': [258], 'reasonably': [262], 'availability': [265], 'various': [267], 'nutrients': [269, 306], '(e.g.,': [270], 'N,': [271], 'P,': [272], 'K,': [273], 'Ca,': [274], 'Mg,': [275], 'Fe,': [276], 'Cu)': [278], 'choice': [282], 'content.': [286], 'Results': [287], 'be': [289], 'used': [290], 'create': [292], 'designer': [293], 'solve': [297], 'environmental': [298], 'issues': [299], 'supply': [301], 'variety': [303], 'plant-available': [305], 'for': [307], 'crop': [308], 'growth.': [309]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3091306688', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 161}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 164}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 105}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 67}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-18T13:04:12.292332', 'created_date': '2020-10-08'}