Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2993536313', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'title': 'Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and routes of administration', 'display_name': 'Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and routes of administration', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-11-21', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2993536313', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'mag': '2993536313', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31832232', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6869321'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'pdf_url': 'https://biomaterialsres.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737714521', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials Research', 'issn_l': '1226-4601', 'issn': ['1226-4601', '2055-7124'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://biomaterialsres.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051113725', 'display_name': 'Dhrisya Chenthamara', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-0447'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I111575329', 'display_name': 'Bharathiar University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04fht8c22', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I111575329']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dhrisya Chenthamara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111575329']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077950715', 'display_name': 'Subramaniam Sadhasivam', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-4696'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I111575329', 'display_name': 'Bharathiar University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04fht8c22', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I111575329']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sadhasivam Subramaniam', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111575329']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033520630', 'display_name': 'Sankar Ganesh Ramakrishnan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I111575329', 'display_name': 'Bharathiar University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04fht8c22', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I111575329']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sankar Ganesh Ramakrishnan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111575329']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006472737', 'display_name': 'K. Swaminathan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-3133'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I111575329', 'display_name': 'Bharathiar University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04fht8c22', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I111575329']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Swaminathan Krishnaswamy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111575329']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071713965', 'display_name': 'Musthafa Mohamed Essa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-9785'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47818738', 'display_name': 'Sultan Qaboos University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04wq8zb47', 'country_code': 'OM', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47818738']}], 'countries': ['OM'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Musthafa Mohamed Essa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47818738']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061246570', 'display_name': 'Feng‐Huei Lin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-6671'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165441096', 'display_name': 'National Health Research Institutes', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02r6fpx29', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165441096']}], 'countries': ['TW'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Feng-Huei Lin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, NationalHealth Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, NationalHealth Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165441096']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101889264', 'display_name': 'M. Walid Qoronfleh', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-1922'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92528248', 'display_name': 'Qatar Foundation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cawbq05', 'country_code': 'QA', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I92528248']}], 'countries': ['QA'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Walid Qoronfleh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Research and Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research and Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92528248']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5071713965', 'https://openalex.org/A5101889264'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47818738', 'https://openalex.org/I92528248'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1490, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 1827, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1483, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 1599, 'provenance': 'openapc'}, 'fwci': 6.572, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 713, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.316872, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '23', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10063', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2502', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10063', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2502', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10920', 'display_name': 'Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3003', 'display_name': 'Pharmaceutical Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12627', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Applications of Graphene Nanomaterials', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocarriers', 'display_name': 'Nanocarriers', 'score': 0.567079}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomaterials', 'display_name': 'Nanomaterials', 'score': 0.528152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticles', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticles', 'score': 0.512953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-drug-delivery', 'display_name': 'Targeted drug delivery', 'score': 0.49956608}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18150654', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17153796', 'display_name': 'Nanocarriers', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9115677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.78326595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779820397', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806', 'display_name': 'Drug delivery', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7046028}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126511603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261145', 'display_name': 'Targeted drug delivery', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49956608}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780035454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386', 'display_name': 'Drug', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46398404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138631740', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967847', 'display_name': 'Nanomaterials', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44884452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35759974}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27874392}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.24653178}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'pdf_url': 'https://biomaterialsres.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737714521', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials Research', 'issn_l': '1226-4601', 'issn': ['1226-4601', '2055-7124'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/6f743f16e3d5482889f1bfef93e22203', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6869321', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6869321?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6869321', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31832232', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'pdf_url': 'https://biomaterialsres.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40824-019-0166-x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737714521', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials Research', 'issn_l': '1226-4601', 'issn': ['1226-4601', '2055-7124'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.5}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 262, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1195955210', 'https://openalex.org/W138547676', 'https://openalex.org/W147518580', 'https://openalex.org/W1502955971', 'https://openalex.org/W1503601397', 'https://openalex.org/W1579782115', 'https://openalex.org/W1697337825', 'https://openalex.org/W1842967704', 'https://openalex.org/W1879127086', 'https://openalex.org/W1947173445', 'https://openalex.org/W1963918885', 'https://openalex.org/W1964380577', 'https://openalex.org/W1965930079', 'https://openalex.org/W1966187612', 'https://openalex.org/W1967299150', 'https://openalex.org/W1968324199', 'https://openalex.org/W1968709827', 'https://openalex.org/W1968900010', 'https://openalex.org/W1968922381', 'https://openalex.org/W1968937054', 'https://openalex.org/W1969907749', 'https://openalex.org/W1971208013', 'https://openalex.org/W1972116828', 'https://openalex.org/W1972441060', 'https://openalex.org/W1975539073', 'https://openalex.org/W1976041621', 'https://openalex.org/W1977176265', 'https://openalex.org/W1978507584', 'https://openalex.org/W1980422184', 'https://openalex.org/W1981251269', 'https://openalex.org/W1981491101', 'https://openalex.org/W1981533112', 'https://openalex.org/W1981769501', 'https://openalex.org/W1983727696', 'https://openalex.org/W1983947893', 'https://openalex.org/W1985241728', 'https://openalex.org/W1988193392', 'https://openalex.org/W1989230986', 'https://openalex.org/W1991392033', 'https://openalex.org/W1992629480', 'https://openalex.org/W1993137648', 'https://openalex.org/W1994243119', 'https://openalex.org/W1994892692', 'https://openalex.org/W1996697333', 'https://openalex.org/W1996827572', 'https://openalex.org/W1996998905', 'https://openalex.org/W1997244165', 'https://openalex.org/W1999204531', 'https://openalex.org/W2001525797', 'https://openalex.org/W2002326724', 'https://openalex.org/W2002516695', 'https://openalex.org/W2005218288', 'https://openalex.org/W2008402078', 'https://openalex.org/W2008631464', 'https://openalex.org/W2009809742', 'https://openalex.org/W2010097193', 'https://openalex.org/W2010198991', 'https://openalex.org/W2010312818', 'https://openalex.org/W2010444608', 'https://openalex.org/W2010589871', 'https://openalex.org/W2011005493', 'https://openalex.org/W2013207280', 'https://openalex.org/W2013630484', 'https://openalex.org/W2013765163', 'https://openalex.org/W2013998409', 'https://openalex.org/W2015541518', 'https://openalex.org/W2015639818', 'https://openalex.org/W2015663833', 'https://openalex.org/W2016565975', 'https://openalex.org/W2016711291', 'https://openalex.org/W2017213361', 'https://openalex.org/W2021398439', 'https://openalex.org/W2022014262', 'https://openalex.org/W2022234371', 'https://openalex.org/W2023283179', 'https://openalex.org/W2031768387', 'https://openalex.org/W2032760352', 'https://openalex.org/W2033468145', 'https://openalex.org/W2034298453', 'https://openalex.org/W2036443090', 'https://openalex.org/W2037263743', 'https://openalex.org/W2038163024', 'https://openalex.org/W2038626534', 'https://openalex.org/W2040392781', 'https://openalex.org/W2041204432', 'https://openalex.org/W2042940583', 'https://openalex.org/W2048136402', 'https://openalex.org/W2049006254', 'https://openalex.org/W2049281680', 'https://openalex.org/W2049452703', 'https://openalex.org/W2049511402', 'https://openalex.org/W2050524601', 'https://openalex.org/W2051029147', 'https://openalex.org/W2051352003', 'https://openalex.org/W2051884496', 'https://openalex.org/W2053491223', 'https://openalex.org/W2053704101', 'https://openalex.org/W2055037481', 'https://openalex.org/W2055249600', 'https://openalex.org/W2056241275', 'https://openalex.org/W2056911844', 'https://openalex.org/W2057107904', 'https://openalex.org/W2059347405', 'https://openalex.org/W2059756358', 'https://openalex.org/W2060144396', 'https://openalex.org/W2061275221', 'https://openalex.org/W2063318887', 'https://openalex.org/W2064558058', 'https://openalex.org/W2064975624', 'https://openalex.org/W2066685510', 'https://openalex.org/W2067522447', 'https://openalex.org/W2068103849', 'https://openalex.org/W2068846148', 'https://openalex.org/W2070166910', 'https://openalex.org/W2070174418', 'https://openalex.org/W2072229818', 'https://openalex.org/W2072434736', 'https://openalex.org/W2072656690', 'https://openalex.org/W2072997205', 'https://openalex.org/W2073284083', 'https://openalex.org/W2075953443', 'https://openalex.org/W2076476870', 'https://openalex.org/W2077128382', 'https://openalex.org/W2077633497', 'https://openalex.org/W2078218165', 'https://openalex.org/W2079294719', 'https://openalex.org/W2080195443', 'https://openalex.org/W2080430067', 'https://openalex.org/W2081903916', 'https://openalex.org/W2084547460', 'https://openalex.org/W2089615465', 'https://openalex.org/W2089773350', 'https://openalex.org/W2089907021', 'https://openalex.org/W2092904110', 'https://openalex.org/W2094672113', 'https://openalex.org/W2094952575', 'https://openalex.org/W2094972715', 'https://openalex.org/W2095266942', 'https://openalex.org/W2099764148', 'https://openalex.org/W2102449174', 'https://openalex.org/W2102453083', 'https://openalex.org/W2103358944', 'https://openalex.org/W2108615682', 'https://openalex.org/W2111318497', 'https://openalex.org/W2112709886', 'https://openalex.org/W2116183504', 'https://openalex.org/W2117553516', 'https://openalex.org/W2120821702', 'https://openalex.org/W2124434163', 'https://openalex.org/W2127126241', 'https://openalex.org/W2131273114', 'https://openalex.org/W2133470284', 'https://openalex.org/W2135782311', 'https://openalex.org/W2136348158', 'https://openalex.org/W2136693699', 'https://openalex.org/W2138281910', 'https://openalex.org/W2138653040', 'https://openalex.org/W2139702401', 'https://openalex.org/W2144536924', 'https://openalex.org/W2144678672', 'https://openalex.org/W2144843667', 'https://openalex.org/W2146456976', 'https://openalex.org/W2149040904', 'https://openalex.org/W2149139930', 'https://openalex.org/W2153017356', 'https://openalex.org/W2154043786', 'https://openalex.org/W2156661377', 'https://openalex.org/W2160743259', 'https://openalex.org/W2162250373', 'https://openalex.org/W2162294498', 'https://openalex.org/W2164946700', 'https://openalex.org/W2165790223', 'https://openalex.org/W2168408900', 'https://openalex.org/W2169383781', 'https://openalex.org/W2251529759', 'https://openalex.org/W2297688956', 'https://openalex.org/W2297999431', 'https://openalex.org/W2315374659', 'https://openalex.org/W2318157149', 'https://openalex.org/W2323559471', 'https://openalex.org/W2327506877', 'https://openalex.org/W2330486650', 'https://openalex.org/W2335812415', 'https://openalex.org/W2339343159', 'https://openalex.org/W2339502473', 'https://openalex.org/W2344252956', 'https://openalex.org/W2345788399', 'https://openalex.org/W2353220926', 'https://openalex.org/W2397945397', 'https://openalex.org/W2401332691', 'https://openalex.org/W2411989341', 'https://openalex.org/W2413385199', 'https://openalex.org/W2471404748', 'https://openalex.org/W2473884936', 'https://openalex.org/W2479631244', 'https://openalex.org/W2485785171', 'https://openalex.org/W2501879048', 'https://openalex.org/W2521632211', 'https://openalex.org/W2527851797', 'https://openalex.org/W2539327471', 'https://openalex.org/W2585332796', 'https://openalex.org/W2586518869', 'https://openalex.org/W2589371783', 'https://openalex.org/W2591165544', 'https://openalex.org/W2591749906', 'https://openalex.org/W2596722074', 'https://openalex.org/W2598174274', 'https://openalex.org/W2602228571', 'https://openalex.org/W2606614729', 'https://openalex.org/W2610241210', 'https://openalex.org/W2611803877', 'https://openalex.org/W2620890775', 'https://openalex.org/W2621461837', 'https://openalex.org/W2622343253', 'https://openalex.org/W2634502983', 'https://openalex.org/W2700014669', 'https://openalex.org/W2733623185', 'https://openalex.org/W2741969454', 'https://openalex.org/W2745734064', 'https://openalex.org/W2749436969', 'https://openalex.org/W2749722012', 'https://openalex.org/W2751209155', 'https://openalex.org/W2762547518', 'https://openalex.org/W2765939096', 'https://openalex.org/W2766487611', 'https://openalex.org/W2766779615', 'https://openalex.org/W2767634579', 'https://openalex.org/W2768654546', 'https://openalex.org/W2775076510', 'https://openalex.org/W2777000771', 'https://openalex.org/W2783724861', 'https://openalex.org/W2789574562', 'https://openalex.org/W2789868103', 'https://openalex.org/W2793485037', 'https://openalex.org/W2794097834', 'https://openalex.org/W2797577596', 'https://openalex.org/W2797957695', 'https://openalex.org/W2800593101', 'https://openalex.org/W2804892728', 'https://openalex.org/W2806538368', 'https://openalex.org/W2883246546', 'https://openalex.org/W2887418029', 'https://openalex.org/W2891407681', 'https://openalex.org/W2891755381', 'https://openalex.org/W2893101627', 'https://openalex.org/W2896121252', 'https://openalex.org/W2896399282', 'https://openalex.org/W2897634419', 'https://openalex.org/W2900149896', 'https://openalex.org/W2903780260', 'https://openalex.org/W2906239489', 'https://openalex.org/W2910837738', 'https://openalex.org/W2917374299', 'https://openalex.org/W2943516385', 'https://openalex.org/W2960969970', 'https://openalex.org/W2964245485', 'https://openalex.org/W3007599434', 'https://openalex.org/W3140013116', 'https://openalex.org/W4213189266', 'https://openalex.org/W4237877116', 'https://openalex.org/W4247508610', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386620520', 'https://openalex.org/W4309488430', 'https://openalex.org/W4200226131', 'https://openalex.org/W3157244191', 'https://openalex.org/W2993762413', 'https://openalex.org/W2896971073', 'https://openalex.org/W2566737253', 'https://openalex.org/W2518046561', 'https://openalex.org/W2035994152', 'https://openalex.org/W2005818850'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'modern-day': [1], 'medicine,': [2], 'nanotechnology': [3], 'and': [4, 15, 28, 34, 56, 78, 100, 121, 130, 153, 170, 176, 195, 198, 223], 'nanoparticles': [5], 'are': [6, 29, 178, 186], 'some': [7], 'of': [8, 61, 108, 116, 134, 141, 160, 165, 183, 192, 207, 215, 219], 'the': [9, 59, 75, 92, 114, 135, 139, 163, 193, 224], 'indispensable': [10], 'tools': [11], 'in': [12, 54, 58, 83, 138], 'disease': [13], 'monitoring': [14], 'therapy.': [16, 132], 'The': [17, 204], 'term': [18], '"nanomaterials"': [19], 'describes': [20], 'materials': [21], 'with': [22, 227], 'nanoscale': [23], 'dimensions': [24], '(<': [25], '100': [26], 'nm)': [27], 'broadly': [30], 'classified': [31], 'into': [32], 'natural': [33], 'synthetic': [35], 'nanomaterials.': [36], 'However,': [37], '"engineered"': [38], 'nanomaterials': [39, 118], 'have': [40, 51, 87], 'received': [41], 'significant': [42], 'attention': [43], 'due': [44], 'to': [45, 69, 89, 172, 188, 211], 'their': [46, 97, 199], 'versatility.': [47], 'Although': [48], 'enormous': [49], 'strides': [50], 'been': [52, 124], 'made': [53], 'research': [55], 'development': [57], 'field': [60], 'nanotechnology,': [62], 'it': [63], 'is': [64, 145, 210], 'often': [65], 'confusing': [66], 'for': [67, 126], 'beginners': [68], 'make': [70], 'an': [71], 'informed': [72], 'choice': [73], 'regarding': [74], 'nanocarrier': [76, 168, 184, 216], 'system': [77], 'its': [79], 'potential': [80], 'applications.': [81], 'Hence,': [82], 'this': [84, 208], 'review,': [85], 'we': [86], 'endeavored': [88], 'briefly': [90], 'explain': [91], 'most': [93], 'commonly': [94], 'used': [95], 'nanomaterials,': [96], 'core': [98], 'properties': [99], 'how': [101], 'surface': [102], 'functionalization': [103], 'would': [104], 'facilitate': [105, 212], 'competent': [106], 'delivery': [107, 129, 143, 230], 'drugs': [109], 'or': [110], 'therapeutic': [111], 'molecules.': [112], 'Similarly,': [113], 'suitability': [115], 'carbon-based': [117], 'like': [119], 'CNT': [120], 'QD': [122], 'has': [123], 'discussed': [125, 187], 'targeted': [127], 'drug': [128, 142, 148, 151, 161, 174, 202, 229], 'siRNA': [131], 'One': [133], 'biggest': [136], 'challenges': [137, 225], 'formulation': [140], 'systems': [144], 'fulfilling': [146], 'targeted/specific': [147], 'delivery,': [149], 'controlling': [150], 'release': [152], 'preventing': [154], 'opsonization.': [155], 'Thus,': [156], 'a': [157], 'different': [158, 181], 'mechanism': [159], 'targeting,': [162], 'role': [164], 'suitable': [166], 'drug-laden': [167], 'fabrication': [169], 'methods': [171], 'augment': [173], 'solubility': [175], 'bioavailability': [177], 'discussed.': [179], 'Additionally,': [180], 'routes': [182, 218], 'administration': [185, 222], 'provide': [189], 'greater': [190], 'understanding': [191], 'biological': [194], 'other': [196], 'barriers': [197], 'impact': [200], 'on': [201], 'transport.': [203], 'overall': [205], 'aim': [206], 'article': [209], 'straightforward': [213], 'perception': [214], 'design,': [217], 'various': [220], 'nanoparticle': [221], 'associated': [226], 'each': [228], 'method.': [231]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2993536313', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 148}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 177}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 191}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 123}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T14:49:04.744151', 'created_date': '2019-12-13'}