ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure)

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Sharon A. Hunt; David W. Baker; Marshall H. Chin; Michael P. Cinquegrani; Arthur M. Feldman; Gary S. Francis; Théodore G. Ganiats; Sidney Goldstein; Gabriel Gregoratos; Mariell Jessup; R.Joseph Noble; Milton Packer; Marc A. Silver; Lynne W. Stevenson; Raymond J. Gibbons; Elliott M. Antman; Joseph S. Alpert; David P. Faxon; Valentı́n Fuster; Gabriel Gregoratos; Alice K. Jacobs; Loren F. Hiratzka; Richard O. Russell; Sidney C. Smith
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3234, 3247, 3252, 3277, 3282, 3309, 3329, 3363, 3393, 3478, 3488, 3542, 3616, 3648, 3650, 3687, 3699, 3734, 3759, 3792, 3955, 3957, 3988, 3995, 4016, 4036, 4056, 4071, 4094, 4137, 4142, 4151, 4155, 4252, 4270, 4288, 4327], 'HF': [401, 448, 460, 473, 512, 521, 529, 549, 563, 618, 678, 842, 874, 915, 969, 991, 1169, 1199, 1277, 1311, 1346, 1363, 1416, 1715, 1766, 1775, 1793, 1804, 2057, 2094, 2149, 2210, 2244, 2280, 2464, 2499, 2540, 2665, 2689, 2861, 2872, 2922, 2948, 3040, 3122, 3343, 3354, 3621, 3663, 3676, 3715, 3855, 3926, 3985, 4258], 'first': [404, 609, 2213, 2625], 'time': [405, 662, 1077], 'each': [406, 426, 480, 1124, 1988, 2551], 'year.': [407], 'The': [408, 556, 1491, 1642, 1924, 1970, 2090, 2162, 2270, 2308, 2357, 2408, 2425, 2677, 2827, 2884, 3921], 'disorder': [409, 879, 892, 2076, 2919, 3515], 'underlying': [412, 918, 1314, 1772, 2146, 2655, 2961, 2988], 'reason': [413], '12': [415], '15': [417], 'office': [419], 'visits': [420], '6.5': [422], 'hospital': [424, 1375], 'days': [425], 'year': [427, 579], '(1).': [428, 580], 'During': [429], 'last': [431], '10': [432], 'years,': [433, 1056], 'annual': [435], 'number': [436, 484], 'hospitalizations': [438], 'has': [439, 487, 630, 876, 898, 1051, 1663, 2532, 2541, 2802, 2845, 3571], 'increased': [440, 488, 3618], 'from': [441, 454, 709, 1140, 1369, 1608, 1619, 1779, 1895, 2070, 2838, 2873, 3421], 'approximately': [442, 515, 567, 572, 585, 2151], '550,000': [443], '900,000': [446], 'as': [449, 461, 474, 704, 706, 937, 1600, 1706, 1708, 1981, 2058, 2367, 2514, 2805, 2849, 2864, 3575, 3954, 4117, 4133, 4236], 'primary': [451, 463, 476, 1638, 1807, 2779, 3020], 'diagnosis': [452, 466, 545, 554, 967], '1.7': [455], '2.6': [457], 'or': [464, 477, 911, 946, 972, 1005, 1048, 1153, 1221, 1228, 1236, 1251, 1284, 1290, 1295, 1307, 1318, 1364, 1389, 1463, 1488, 1495, 1503, 1513, 1528, 1624, 1689, 1822, 1841, 1892, 2011, 2024, 2042, 2073, 2087, 2182, 2184, 2259, 2422, 2465, 2604, 2632, 2670, 2742, 2900, 2935, 3123, 3215, 3284, 3379, 3415, 3419, 3425, 3513, 3550, 3559, 3592, 3611, 3743, 3799, 3835, 3852, 3856, 3975, 3991, 3996, 4019, 4042, 4077, 4090, 4099, 4183, 4209, 4228, 4254, 4310, 4324], 'secondary': [465], '(2).': [467, 528], '300,000': [469], 'die': [471], 'contributory': [478], 'cause': [479, 2013, 2147, 2175, 2189, 2633, 2946, 3030, 3346, 3577], 'year,': [481], 'deaths': [486], 'steadily': [489], 'despite': [490, 1349, 2327, 2443], 'advances': [491], 'treatment.HFs': [493], 'primarily': [494, 1035], 'disease': [496, 930, 1112, 1150, 1268, 1341, 1809, 1999, 2143, 2513, 3288, 3313, 3475, 3570, 4208], 'elderly': [499], '(3).': [500], 'Approximately': [501], '6%': [502], '10%': [504], 'people': [506], 'older': [507], 'than': [508, 524, 550], '65': [509, 525], 'years': [510, 526, 1678], '(4),': [513], '80%': [516], 'hospitalized': [519, 1361], 'more': [523, 538, 2406], 'old': [527], 'most': [532, 1935, 1938, 2198, 2679, 2758, 4302], 'common': [533], 'Medicare': [534, 539], 'diagnosis-related': [535], 'group,': [536], 'dollars': [540], 'spent': [542, 590], 'treatment': [547, 595, 643, 934, 1331, 1464, 1529, 1656, 1833, 1995, 3427, 4136], 'any': [552, 2071, 3628], 'other': [553, 1178, 2877, 3380], '(5).': [555], 'total': [557], 'inpatient': [558], 'outpatient': [560], 'costs': [561], '1991': [565], 'were': [566, 753, 1120, 1598, 1606, 1617, 1857], '$38.1': [568], 'billion,': [569], 'which': [570, 1034, 1452, 1472, 1518, 1593, 1734, 1743, 2099, 2107, 2369, 3825, 4173, 4337], 'was': [571, 663, 693, 757, 1098, 1151, 1557, 1636], '5.4%': [573], 'healthcare': [576], 'budget': [577], 'that': [578, 623, 660, 673, 685, 843, 978, 993, 1058, 1079, 1094, 1100, 1119, 1172, 1206, 1269, 1460, 1525, 1930, 1964, 1968, 2053, 2067, 2077, 2196, 2263, 2399, 2450, 2475, 2492, 2526, 2536, 2547, 2977, 3115, 3428, 3613, 3709, 3824, 3935, 3966, 4172], 'In': [581, 853, 4262], 'States,': [584], '$500': [586], 'annually': [588, 1875], 'drugs': [592], 'HF.The': [597], 'Cardiology': [601], '(ACC)': [602], '(AHA)': [608], 'published': [610, 1580], 'guidelines': [611, 687, 1741, 1751, 1812, 1844, 1871, 1898, 1925, 2048], 'evaluation': [614, 1710, 1847, 2685, 3006, 3015, 3259, 3539, 3773, 3785, 4105], 'management': [616, 1405, 1712, 1754, 1802, 1814, 1849, 1921, 2895], '(6).': [621], 'Since': [622], 'time,': [624], 'great': [626], 'deal': [627], 'progress': [629, 683], 'been': [631, 1052, 1664, 2283, 2846, 3042, 3573], 'made': [632, 1953], 'development': [635, 989, 1212, 1275, 2416, 2637, 2790, 3038, 3120, 3813, 3873, 3983, 4193, 4212], 'both': [637, 845, 1769, 2764, 3053], 'pharmacological': [638], 'nonpharmacological': [640], 'approaches': [641, 1915], 'common,': [646], 'costly,': [647], 'disabling,': [648], 'generally': [650, 1913, 2413, 2666], 'fatal': [651], 'disorder.': [652], 'For': [653, 2487], 'reason,': [655, 2489], '2': [657, 958], 'organizations': [658], 'believed': [659, 1093, 2491], 'right': [664], 'reassess': [666], 'update': [668], 'these': [669, 1594, 2047, 3638, 3651], 'guidelines,': [670], 'fully': [671, 2908], 'recognizing': [672], 'optimal': [675], 'therapy': [676, 1250, 1352, 1419, 2984], 'remains': [679, 2905], 'work': [681], 'future': [686], 'will': [688, 1872, 1879], 'supersede': [689], 'these.The': [690], 'writing': [691, 830], 'committee': [692, 831, 1092, 1695, 2445], 'composed': [694], '7': [696], 'members': [697], 'who': [698, 867, 897, 931, 1043, 1263, 1279, 1304, 1328, 1354, 1358, 2817, 2952, 3236, 3255, 3265, 3292, 3317, 3373, 3407, 3416, 3897, 3907, 4159], 'represented': [699], 'ACC': [701, 817, 1867], 'AHA,': [703, 773], 'well': [705, 1509, 1707, 2325], 'invited': [707], 'participants': [708], 'Chest': [714], 'Physicians,': [715, 735, 805], 'Society': [719, 724, 742, 781, 790], 'America,': [721, 783], 'International': [723, 789], 'Lung': [728, 794], 'Transplantation,': [729, 795], 'Academy': [732, 802], 'Family': [734, 804], 'Physicians–American': [741], 'Internal': [744], 'Medicine.': [745], 'Both': [746, 2115, 2745], 'academic': [748], 'private': [750], 'practice': [751, 1897], 'sectors': [752], 'represented.': [754], 'This': [755, 975, 1015, 1157, 2219, 2385, 2522, 3062], 'document': [756, 1441, 1544, 1583, 1700, 1977], 'reviewed': [758, 1874], 'by': [759, 764, 771, 777, 787, 799, 809, 1067, 1155, 1174, 1420, 1511, 1686, 1690, 1861, 1908, 1954, 2209, 2215, 2420, 2504, 3930], '3': [760, 767, 2589], 'official': [761, 768], 'reviewers': [762, 769], 'nominated': [763, 770, 776, 786, 798, 808], 'ACC,': [766], '1': [774, 784, 796, 806, 951, 2224, 2587], 'reviewer': [775, 785, 797, 807], 'National': [811], 'Foundation': [813], 'Australia,': [815], 'Hypertensive': [818], 'Disease': [819], '16': [822], 'content': [823], 'reviewers.In': [824], 'formulating': [825], 'present': [827, 2582, 2953], 'document,': [828], 'decided': [832], 'take': [834], 'new': [836, 1132, 1158, 2351], 'approach': [837, 2029], 'classification': [840, 976, 1016, 1062, 1159, 1185, 2194, 2523], 'emphasized': [844], 'evolution': [847, 1414, 2497, 2510, 2538], 'progression': [849, 1147, 2362, 2494, 3126, 3948], 'disease.': [852, 2032, 3633, 3861, 3877], 'doing': [854], 'so,': [855], 'we': [856, 1826], 'identified': [857, 1219, 1558, 3624], '4': [858, 2226, 2506], 'stages': [859, 2507, 4243], 'HF.': [861, 1014, 1214, 1923, 2639, 2826, 3128, 3543, 3779, 3815, 3920, 4111, 4195, 4216], 'Stage': [862, 883, 904, 923], 'identifies': [864], 'patient': [866, 888, 908, 927, 1719, 1950, 1989, 2002, 2999, 3707], 'at': [869, 1123, 1194, 1347, 1380, 1693, 2138, 2245, 2261, 2550, 2986, 3600, 3671, 3915], 'high': [870, 1195], 'risk': [871, 982, 1196, 2534, 3619, 3644, 3652, 3713, 3748, 3917, 3938, 4296], 'developing': [873, 1198, 3919, 3924], 'but': [875, 896, 1022, 1278, 1586, 2018, 2129, 2733, 2760, 3289, 3896], 'no': [877, 1218, 1691, 2187, 2606, 3267, 3315, 3958, 3964], 'structural': [878, 891, 919, 985, 1220, 1266, 1315, 1339, 2072, 2630, 2661, 3033, 3631, 3859, 3875, 3959, 4206], 'heart;': [882], 'B': [884, 1614, 4246], 'refers': [885], 'heart': [895, 920, 1192, 1267, 1299, 1316, 1340, 1377, 1819, 1852, 3518, 3632, 3860, 3876, 3960, 4207], 'never': [899, 1233, 1281], 'developed': [900, 1265, 2214], 'symptoms': [901, 913, 1006, 1040, 1237, 1285, 1309, 1334, 1344, 2242, 2434, 2442, 2607, 2824, 3777, 3853, 3895, 3906, 4109, 4214, 4256], 'HF;': [903], 'C': [905, 1047, 1629, 4132], 'denotes': [906], 'past': [910], 'current': [912, 1306, 1882, 4253], 'associated': [916, 1209, 1272, 1312, 3615, 3746], 'disease;': [921, 1243, 1300], 'D': [924], 'designates': [925], 'end-stage': [929], 'requires': [932, 2667], 'specialized': [933, 1356], 'strategies': [935, 1973, 2481], 'such': [936, 2361, 2398], 'mechanical': [938, 1394], 'circulatory': [939, 1395], 'support,': [940], 'continuous': [941, 1383], 'inotropic': [942], 'infusions,': [943], 'cardiac': [944, 1229, 2075, 2411, 2656, 2675, 2714, 2743, 2785, 3111, 3377, 3436], 'transplantation,': [945], 'hospice': [947, 1401], 'care': [948, 1946], '(see': [949, 1810, 4259], 'Table': [950, 2520], 'Fig.': [953], '1).': [954], 'Only': [955], 'latter': [957], 'stages,': [959], 'course,': [961], 'qualify': [962], 'traditional': [965], 'clinical': [966, 1611, 1668, 1680, 1905, 2065, 2136, 3049, 3068, 3413, 3423, 3925], 'diagnostic': [971, 2681], 'coding': [973], 'purposes.': [974], 'recognizes': [977, 2525], 'there': [979, 1453, 1473, 1519, 3962], 'established': [981, 1510, 2533], 'factors': [983, 2994, 3639, 3653], 'prerequisites': [986], 'therapeutic': [994, 1972], 'interventions': [995], 'performed': [996], 'even': [997, 2345, 2423], 'before': [998, 3625], 'appearance': [1000, 2432], 'left': [1002, 1292, 1322, 1433, 1721, 2157, 2300, 2396, 2460, 2579, 2611, 2813, 2902, 2930, 3220, 3479, 3579, 3787, 3845, 3911, 3950, 3998, 4156], 'ventricular': [1003, 1288, 1293, 1323, 1722, 2158, 2301, 2330, 2461, 2580, 2612, 2731, 2814, 2903, 2931, 3221, 3480, 3580, 3755, 3788, 3846, 3912, 3951, 3999, 4157], 'dysfunction': [1004, 2160, 2169, 2316, 2331, 2462, 2581, 2904, 2932, 3847, 3913, 4158], 'can': [1007, 1537, 1978, 2034, 2068, 2117, 2553, 2718, 3622, 3640, 3927, 3980], 'reduce': [1008, 2554, 3642, 3659, 3936, 4294], 'morbidity': [1010, 2556, 2854], 'mortality': [1012, 2558, 2856], 'system': [1017, 1097, 2195, 2220], 'intended': [1019, 1900], 'complement': [1021], 'not': [1023, 1084, 1531, 1587, 1647, 1730, 1799, 1828, 2005, 2132, 2282, 2324, 2454, 2940, 2964, 3257, 4043, 4078, 4305], 'replace': [1025], 'New': [1027], 'York': [1028], '(NYHA)': [1031], 'functional': [1032, 1061, 1222, 2074, 2120, 2206, 2227, 2321, 3085], 'classification,': [1033], 'gauges': [1036], 'severity': [1038, 2313, 2711], 'stage': [1046, 1125, 1142, 2552, 4124], 'D.': [1049], 'It': [1050, 1727, 3080], 'recognized': [1053], 'many': [1055, 2451, 2950], 'however,': [1057], 'NYHA': [1060, 2217], 'reflects': [1063], 'subjective': [1065], 'assessment': [1066, 2729, 2828, 3050, 3083, 3087, 3094, 3135, 3154], 'physician': [1069, 1956, 2585], 'changes': [1071], 'frequently': [1072, 1360], 'over': [1073], 'short': [1074], 'periods': [1075, 4320], 'treatments': [1081, 1118, 1791, 2548], 'used': [1082, 1182, 2200, 2703], 'do': [1083, 2453], 'differ': [1085, 1778], 'significantly': [1086], 'across': [1087], 'classes.': [1089], 'Therefore,': [1090], 'staging': [1096, 1175], 'needed': [1099, 2235], 'would': [1101, 1114, 1135, 2264], 'reliably': [1102, 2833], 'objectively': [1104], 'identify': [1105, 3110, 3370], 'course': [1109, 2015], 'their': [1111, 1127, 2973, 3261], 'be': [1115, 1136, 1366, 1538, 1658, 1675, 1683, 1873, 1880, 1952, 1979, 1985, 2294, 2502, 2702, 2907, 2924, 2941, 2965, 3623, 3928, 4316], 'linked': [1116], 'uniquely': [1121], 'appropriate': [1122, 3074, 3499, 4249], 'illness.': [1128], 'According': [1129], 'approach,': [1133], 'expected': [1137], 'advance': [1139], 'one': [1141, 2212], 'next': [1145], 'unless': [1146, 1883], 'slowed': [1152], 'stopped': [1154], 'treatment.': [1156, 2968, 3079], 'scheme': [1160, 2524], 'adds': [1161], 'useful': [1163, 1466, 2680], 'dimension': [1164], 'our': [1166], 'thinking': [1167], 'about': [1168, 1482, 2650], 'similar': [1170], 'achieved': [1173], 'systems': [1176], 'disorders': [1179, 1837, 3114, 3696], '(e.g.,': [1180, 1838, 2176, 2190, 3716], 'those': [1181, 1780, 2839, 3801], 'cancer).': [1187], 'Stages': [1188, 1411], 'HFStageDescriptionExamplesHF': [1190], 'indicates': [1191, 1424], 'failure.APatients': [1193], 'because': [1200, 1770, 1784, 2761, 2926, 4330], 'presence': [1203], 'conditions': [1205, 3610], 'strongly': [1208, 1271], 'Such': [1215], 'abnormalities': [1223, 2116, 2741, 3034], 'pericardium,': [1226], 'myocardium,': [1227], 'valves': [1230], 'shown': [1234, 1282], 'signs': [1235, 1283, 2822, 3775, 3851, 4107], 'HF.Systemic': [1239], 'hypertension;': [1240], 'coronary': [1241, 2529, 3011, 3230, 3248, 3262, 3270, 3278, 3286, 3311, 3473, 3557, 3568], 'artery': [1242, 2142, 2530, 3012, 3287, 3312, 3474, 3569], 'diabetes': [1244, 3741], 'mellitus;': [1245], 'history': [1246, 1255, 1260, 1426, 2619, 2642, 3105, 3736, 3796, 4021], 'cardiotoxic': [1248, 3803], 'drug': [1249, 3722], 'alcohol': [1252, 3718], 'abuse;': [1253], 'personal': [1254, 2026], 'rheumatic': [1257], 'fever;': [1258], 'family': [1259, 1425, 3001, 3795], 'cardiomyopathy.BPatients': [1262], 'HF.Left': [1287], 'hypertrophy': [1289], 'fibrosis;': [1291], 'dilatation': [1294], 'hypocontractility;': [1296], 'asymptomatic': [1297, 1326, 2542, 2901, 3388], 'valvular': [1298, 1808, 1818, 2178, 2740, 4097], 'previous': [1301, 1446], 'myocardial': [1302, 1430, 1759, 1836, 2180, 3021, 3901, 3993, 4023, 4048, 4059, 4083], 'infarction.CPatients': [1303], 'prior': [1308, 1333, 4255], 'disease.Dyspnea': [1317], 'fatigue': [1319], 'due': [1320, 1805, 2870, 2875], 'systolic': [1324, 1723, 2159, 2168, 2302, 2315, 2837, 3222, 3681, 4000], 'dysfunction;': [1325], 'undergoing': [1330], 'HF.DPatients': [1336], 'advanced': [1338, 3381], 'marked': [1343], 'rest': [1348, 2246], 'maximal': [1350], 'medical': [1351, 1551], 'require': [1355], 'interventions.Patients': [1357], 'cannot': [1365, 2832], 'safely': [1367], 'discharged': [1368], 'hospital;': [1371], 'awaiting': [1376], 'transplantation;': [1378], 'home': [1381], 'receiving': [1382, 3802], 'intravenous': [1384], 'support': [1385], 'symptom': [1387], 'relief': [1388], 'being': [1390, 3319], 'supported': [1391, 1684], 'assist': [1396, 1902], 'device;': [1397], 'setting': [1402, 2882], 'HF.Download': [1407], 'figureDownload': [1408], 'PowerPointFigure': [1409], '1.': [1410, 2521], 'recommended': [1418, 3688, 3700], 'stage.': [1421], 'FHx': [1422], 'CM': [1423], 'cardiomyopathy;': [1428], 'MI,': [1429], 'infarction;': [1431], 'LV,': [1432], 'ventricular;': [1434], 'IV,intravenous.All': [1436], 'recommendations': [1437, 1540, 1595, 1830, 2043, 4120, 4239], 'provided': [1438], 'follow': [1442], 'format': [1444], 'ACC/AHA': [1447, 1750, 1811, 1843, 1885], 'guidelines:Class': [1448], 'I:': [1449], 'Conditions': [1450, 1470, 1516], 'evidence': [1455, 1476, 1494, 1512, 1521, 1546, 1591, 1645, 3629, 3857, 3909, 3965], 'and/or': [1457, 1477, 1522, 3335], 'general': [1458, 1523, 3003], 'agreement': [1459, 1524], 'procedure': [1462, 1487, 1502, 1527], 'effective.Class': [1468], 'II:': [1469], 'conflicting': [1475], 'divergence': [1479], 'opinion': [1481, 1496, 1633], 'usefulness/efficacy': [1484], 'treatment.Class': [1489, 1504], 'IIa:': [1490], 'weight': [1492], 'favor': [1499], 'IIb:': [1505], 'Usefulness/efficacy': [1506], 'less': [1508], 'opinion.Class': [1514], 'III:': [1515], 'useful/effective': [1532], 'some': [1535, 2334, 2927, 2979], 'cases': [1536], 'harmful.The': [1539], 'listed': [1541, 4116, 4235], 'based': [1547, 1597, 1676], 'whenever': [1548], 'possible.': [1549], 'Pertinent': [1550], 'literature': [1552, 1564], 'English': [1555], 'language': [1556], 'through': [1559, 2380], 'series': [1561], 'computerized': [1563], 'searches': [1565], '(including': [1566, 3170], 'Medline': [1567], 'EMBASE)': [1569], 'manual': [1572], 'search': [1573], 'selected': [1575, 1578, 3460], 'articles.': [1576], 'References': [1577], 'representative': [1585], 'all-inclusive.The': [1588], 'levels': [1589, 2262, 2797, 3589], 'ranked': [1599], 'level': [1601, 1613, 1628], 'if': [1603], 'data': [1605, 1616, 1688, 1692], 'derived': [1607, 1618], 'multiple': [1609], 'randomized': [1610, 1622], 'trials,': [1612], 'when': [1615, 1630, 3350], 'single': [1621, 2678], 'trial': [1623], 'nonrandomized': [1625], 'studies,': [1626], 'consensus': [1632], 'experts': [1635], 'source': [1639], 'recommendation.': [1641, 1654], 'strength': [1643, 1651], 'does': [1646], 'necessarily': [1648, 2133], 'reflect': [1649], 'may': [1657, 1674, 2100, 2108, 2131, 2171, 2185, 2240, 2293, 2304, 2436, 2646, 2701, 2923, 2939, 2963, 3710, 4293, 4338], 'considered': [1659, 1800, 1881, 1986, 2752, 3320], 'controversial': [1660], 'although': [1661], 'it': [1662, 2490, 2734, 2844, 2938], 'evaluated': [1665], 'controlled': [1667, 1788], 'trials;': [1669], 'conversely,': [1670], 'strong': [1672, 3794], 'recommendation': [1673], 'experience': [1681], 'only': [1685, 2006, 2035, 2260], 'historical': [1687], 'all.The': [1694], 'elected': [1696], 'focus': [1698, 2972, 3046], 'prevention': [1703], 'chronic': [1714, 1851, 2279], 'adult': [1718, 1856], 'diastolic': [1725, 2841, 3683], 'dysfunction.': [1726, 2842, 3481, 3581, 3952], 'specifically': [1728], 'did': [1729], 'consider': [1731], 'acute': [1732, 1758, 4322], 'might': [1735, 3116, 3429], 'merit': [1736], 'separate': [1738], 'set': [1739], 'addressed': [1745], 'part': [1747], 'infarction': [1760, 3902, 3994, 4024, 4060], '(7).': [1761], 'We': [1762, 1797], 'also': [1764, 2019, 4248], 'excluded': [1765, 3574], 'children,': [1768], 'causes': [1773, 2166, 2878, 2928], 'children': [1777], 'adults': [1782], 'none': [1785], 'trials': [1789], 'included': [1795, 1829], 'children.': [1796], 'disease)': [1820], '(8)': [1821], 'congenital': [1823], 'malformations,': [1824], 'specific': [1835, 2784], 'hemochromatosis,': [1839], 'sarcoidosis,': [1840], 'amyloidosis).The': [1842], 'approved': [1858], 'publication': [1860, 1877], 'governing': [1863], 'bodies': [1864], 'AHA.': [1869], 'These': [1870], 'after': [1876, 2430], 'revises': [1891], 'withdraws': [1893], 'them': [1894], 'circulation.These': [1896], 'physicians': [1903, 2970, 3044], 'decision': [1906], 'making': [1907], 'describing': [1909], 'range': [1911], 'acceptable': [1914], 'prevention,': [1918], 'diagnosis,': [1919], 'attempt': [1926, 1992], 'define': [1928, 3469], 'practices': [1929], 'meet': [1931], 'needs': [1933], 'under': [1937], 'circumstances.': [1939], 'However,': [1940, 2843, 2937, 3953], 'ultimate': [1942], 'judgment': [1943], 'regarding': [1944, 2707], 'particular': [1949], 'must': [1951], 'light': [1958], 'all': [1960], 'circumstances': [1963], 'relevant': [1966], 'patient.': [1969], 'various': [1971], 'described': [1974, 2515], 'viewed': [1980], 'checklist': [1983], 'an': [1991, 1997, 2037, 2173, 2865, 2880, 3498, 3511, 3617], 'individualize': [1994], 'evolving': [1998], 'process.': [2000], 'Every': [2001], 'unique,': [2004], 'terms': [2008, 2021], 'his': [2010, 2023], 'her': [2012, 2025], 'cultural': [2028], 'provide': [2036, 2052, 2647, 2705, 2719, 2754], 'outline': [2038], 'evidence-based': [2040], 'decisions': [2041], 'individual': [2045, 3667], 'care;': [2046], 'meant': [2050], 'outline.II.': [2054], 'Characterization': [2055], 'Clinical': [2060], 'SyndromeHF': [2061], 'complex': [2064], 'syndrome': [2066, 2593, 2600], 'result': [2069], 'impairs': [2078], 'ability': [2080, 3138], 'ventricle': [2083, 2397], 'fill': [2085], 'eject': [2088], 'blood.': [2089], 'cardinal': [2091], 'manifestations': [2092], 'dyspnea': [2096, 2869, 2874], 'fatigue,': [2098], 'limit': [2101, 2265], 'exercise': [2102, 2274, 2596, 3327, 3348, 3361, 3486, 3500], 'tolerance,': [2103], 'fluid': [2105, 2602, 3836, 4184], 'retention,': [2106], 'lead': [2109, 3117], 'pulmonary': [2111], 'peripheral': [2113], 'edema.': [2114], 'impair': [2118], 'capacity': [2121], 'quality': [2123], 'life': [2125], 'affected': [2127], 'individuals,': [2128], 'they': [2130, 2762, 4044, 4079], 'dominate': [2134], 'picture': [2137], 'same': [2140], 'time.Coronary': [2141], 'two': [2152], 'thirds': [2153], '(9).': [2161], 'remainder': [2163], 'nonischemic': [2165], 'identifiable': [2174, 2352], 'hypertension,': [2177], 'disease,': [2179, 2531, 3013, 3740, 3961], 'toxins,': [2181], 'myocarditis)': [2183], 'discernible': [2188], 'idiopathic': [2191, 3394], 'dilated': [2192, 3395], 'cardiomyopathy).The': [2193], 'commonly': [2199], 'quantify': [2202], 'degree': [2204, 2232, 2319], 'limitation': [2207, 3349], 'imposed': [2208], '(10).': [2218], 'assigns': [2221], 'classes': [2228], 'depending': [2229], 'effort': [2234], 'elicit': [2237], 'symptoms:': [2238], '(class': [2247, 2252, 2257, 2268], 'IV),': [2248], 'less-than-ordinary': [2250], 'exertion': [2251, 2256], 'III),': [2253], 'ordinary': [2255], 'II),': [2258], 'normal': [2266], 'individuals': [2267, 3830, 4178], 'I).': [2269], 'mechanisms': [2271], 'responsible': [2272, 2634, 2787], 'intolerance': [2275], 'clearly': [2284], 'defined.': [2285], 'Patients': [2286, 2567, 3101, 3599, 3670, 3882, 4003, 4221], 'very': [2289], 'low': [2290], 'ejection': [2291, 3403, 4027, 4039, 4063, 4074], 'fraction': [2292, 3404], 'asymptomatic,': [2295], 'whereas': [2296], 'preserved': [2299], 'function': [2303, 2727, 3182, 3789], 'severe': [2306, 4143], 'disability.': [2307], 'apparent': [2309], 'discordance': [2310], 'between': [2311], 'impairment': [2322], 'understood': [2326], 'intense': [2328], 'investigation.Left': [2329], 'begins': [2332], 'injury': [2335], 'myocardium': [2338], 'usually': [2341], 'progressive': [2343, 2457], 'process,': [2344], 'absence': [2348], 'insult': [2353], 'myocardium.': [2356], 'principal': [2358], 'manifestation': [2359], 'process': [2365, 2409, 2426, 3943], 'known': [2366, 2860, 3283, 3310], 'remodeling,': [2368, 3945], 'occurs': [2370], 'association': [2372], 'homeostatic': [2374], 'attempts': [2375], 'decrease': [2377], 'wall': [2378, 2383], 'stress': [2379], 'increases': [2381], 'thickness.': [2384], 'ultimately': [2386], 'results': [2387], 'change': [2390, 3411], 'geometry': [2393], 'chamber': [2401], 'dilates,': [2402], 'hypertrophies,': [2403], 'becomes': [2405], 'spherical.': [2407], 'remodeling': [2412, 2428], 'precedes': [2414], 'symptoms,': [2418], 'occasionally': [2419], 'months': [2421], 'years.': [2424], 'continues': [2429], 'contribute': [2437], 'importantly': [2438], 'worsening': [2440], 'treatment.The': [2444], 'struggled': [2446], 'its': [2448], 'perception': [2449], 'clinicians': [2452], 'appreciate': [2455], 'nature': [2458, 2652, 2709, 3028], 'importance': [2467], 'screening': [2469], 'prophylaxis': [2471], 'them,': [2473], 'principles': [2474], 'quite': [2477], 'analogous': [2478], 'well-recognized': [2480], 'field': [2484], 'oncology.': [2486], 'could': [2500], 'appropriately': [2501], 'characterized': [2503], 'considering': [2505], 'Introduction': [2518], 'like': [2528], 'factors;': [2535], 'symptomatic': [2544, 2899], 'phases;': [2545], 'prescribed': [2549], 'HF.III.': [2560], 'Assessment': [2561], 'PatientsA.': [2563], 'Initial': [2564], 'Detection': [2569], 'Predisposing': [2571], 'Conditions1.': [2572], 'Identification': [2573, 2614], 'Patients.In': [2575], 'general,': [2576], 'ways:': [2590], 'decreased': [2595], 'tolerance;': [2597], 'retention;': [2603], 'incidentally': [2609], 'discovered': [2610], 'dysfunction.2.': [2613], 'Structural': [2616], 'Abnormality.A': [2617], 'complete': [2618, 3164], 'physical': [2621, 2644, 3107, 4313, 4335], 'examination': [2622, 2645, 3108], 'steps': [2626], 'evaluating': [2628], 'abnormality': [2631, 2662, 2786], 'Although': [2640, 4301], 'important': [2648], 'clues': [2649], 'abnormality,': [2657], 'identification': [2658, 2893], 'leading': [2663, 2920, 3035], 'either': [2668], 'noninvasive': [2669, 3560], 'invasive': [2671], 'imaging': [2672, 3301, 3467], 'structures.': [2676], 'test': [2682], '2-dimensional': [2692, 3211], 'echocardiogram,': [2693], 'coupled': [2694], 'Doppler': [2696, 3214], 'flow': [2697], 'studies.': [2698], 'Other': [2699], 'tests': [2700], 'information': [2706, 2756], 'abnormality.': [2715], 'Radionuclide': [2716], 'ventriculography': [2717, 3217], 'highly': [2720], 'accurate': [2721], 'measurements': [2722], 'global': [2724], 'regional': [2726], 'enlargement,': [2732], 'unable': [2736], 'directly': [2738], 'assess': [2739, 3219], 'hypertrophy.': [2744], 'chest': [2746, 2770, 3205, 3253], 'radiography': [2747], '12-lead': [2749, 3202], 'electrocardiograms': [2750], 'baseline': [2755], 'patients,': [2759, 3052], 'insensitive': [2765], 'nonspecific,': [2767], 'neither': [2768], 'radiograph': [2771], 'nor': [2772], 'electrocardiogram': [2774, 3203], 'alone': [2775], 'should': [2776, 2971, 2995, 3045, 3081, 4304, 4315], 'form': [2777], 'basis': [2780], 'determining': [2782], 'HF.Recently,': [2792], 'measurement': [2794, 2890, 3162, 3330, 3364, 3401, 3489, 3586, 4272], 'circulating': [2796, 3588], 'brain': [2799, 2887], 'natriuretic': [2800, 2888], 'peptide': [2801, 2831, 2889], 'become': [2803], 'available': [2804], 'means': [2807], 'identifying': [2809], 'elevated': [2812], 'filling': [2815], 'pressures': [2816], 'likely': [2819], 'exhibit': [2821], 'distinguish': [2834], 'widely': [2847], 'investigated': [2848], 'biochemical': [2851], 'marker': [2852], '(11)': [2862], 'aid': [2866], 'differentiating': [2868], 'emergency': [2881], '(12).': [2883], 'role': [2885], 'clarified.3.': [2909], 'Cause': [2913], 'Ventricular': [2915, 3606, 3885, 4007, 4224], 'Dysfunction.Identification': [2916], 'important,': [2925], 'reversible': [2934], 'treatable.': [2936], 'possible': [2942], 'discern': [2944], 'syndrome,': [2956], 'others,': [2959], 'condition': [2962], 'amenable': [2966], 'Hence,': [2969], 'efforts': [2974], 'diagnoses': [2976], 'potential': [2980, 2992], 'improvement': [2982], 'directed': [2985], 'condition.': [2989], 'causative': [2993], 'include': [2996, 3082], 'taking': [2997], 'history,': [3002], 'laboratory': [3004, 3091], 'testing,': [3005], 'possibility': [3009, 3018], 'disease.B.': [3022], 'Ongoing': [3023], 'HFOnce': [3026], 'defined,': [3043], 'during': [3054, 3059, 4319], 'initial': [3056], 'presentation': [3057], 'subsequent': [3060], 'visits.': [3061], 'ongoing': [3063, 3134, 3153], 'review': [3064], "patient's": [3067, 3137], 'status': [3069, 3414], 'critical': [3071], 'selection': [3075], 'monitoring': [3077, 3191, 3549], 'capacity,': [3086], 'volume': [3089, 3156], 'status,': [3090], 'evaluation,': [3092], 'prognosis.Recommendations': [3096], 'With': [3102, 3883, 4004, 4222, 4226], 'HFClass': [3103], 'IThorough': [3104], 'noncardiac': [3113], 'accelerate': [3124], '(Level': [3129, 3148, 3158, 3187, 3198, 3207, 3224, 3241, 3272, 3297, 3323, 3357, 3383, 3397, 3438, 3444, 3462, 3482, 3502, 3521, 3530, 3544, 3553, 3582, 3594, 3690, 3702, 3724, 3750, 3762, 3769, 3780, 3805, 3816, 3838, 3862, 3878, 4029, 4050, 4065, 4085, 4101, 4112, 4146, 4164, 4186, 4196, 4217], 'Evidence:': [3131, 3150, 3160, 3189, 3200, 3209, 3226, 3243, 3274, 3299, 3325, 3359, 3385, 3399, 3440, 3446, 3464, 3484, 3504, 3523, 3532, 3546, 3555, 3584, 3596, 3692, 3704, 3726, 3752, 3764, 3771, 3782, 3807, 3818, 3840, 3864, 3880, 4031, 4052, 4067, 4087, 4103, 4114, 4128, 4148, 4166, 4188, 4198, 4219], 'C)Initial': [3132, 3151, 3161, 3201, 3210], 'perform': [3140], 'routine': [3141, 3538], 'desired': [3143], 'activities': [3144], 'daily': [3146, 4271], 'living.': [3147], 'status.': [3157, 3529], 'blood': [3165, 3174, 3179, 3336], 'count,': [3166], 'urinalysis,': [3167], 'serum': [3168, 3177, 3193, 3449], 'electrolytes': [3169, 3194], 'calcium': [3171], 'magnesium),': [3173], 'urea': [3175], 'nitrogen,': [3176], 'creatinine,': [3178], 'glucose,': [3180], 'liver': [3181], 'tests,': [3183], 'thyroid-stimulating': [3185], 'hormone.': [3186], 'C)Serial': [3190], 'renal': [3196], 'function.': [3197, 3223, 3437], 'radiograph.': [3206], 'echocardiography': [3212], 'radionuclide': [3216], 'C)Cardiac': [3227, 3275], 'catheterization': [3228, 3246, 3276], 'arteriography': [3231, 3249, 3279, 3558], 'angina': [3235, 3291, 3316], 'candidates': [3238, 3294, 3375], 'revascularization.': [3240, 3271, 3296, 3322], 'B)Class': [3244, 4011, 4149], 'IIaCardiac': [3245], 'pain': [3254], 'had': [3258, 3409, 3431, 3899], 'anatomy': [3263], 'contraindications': [3268], 'suspected': [3285, 4328], 'without': [3290, 3833, 3850, 3894, 3905, 3997, 4181], 'C)Noninvasive': [3300], 'detect': [3303, 3844], 'ischemia': [3304, 3563], 'viability': [3306], 'C)Maximal': [3326, 3360, 3485], 'testing': [3328, 3362, 3487, 3561, 3842], 'respiratory': [3332, 3366, 3491, 4299], 'gas': [3333, 3367, 3492], 'exchange': [3334, 3368, 3493], 'oxygen': [3337], 'saturation': [3338], 'help': [3340], 'determine': [3341], 'whether': [3342, 4041, 4076], 'contribution': [3352], 'uncertain.': [3356], 'high-risk': [3371], 'transplantation': [3378], 'treatments.': [3382], 'B)Echocardiography': [3386], 'first-degree': [3389], 'relatives': [3390], 'cardiomyopathy.': [3396], 'C)Repeat': [3400, 3556], 'experienced': [3418, 4046, 4081], 'recovered': [3420], 'event': [3424], 'received': [3426], 'significant': [3433, 4096], 'effect': [3434], 'C)Screening': [3441], 'hemochromatosis.': [3443], 'C)Measurement': [3447], 'antinuclear': [3450], 'antibody,': [3451], 'rheumatoid': [3452], 'factor,': [3453], 'urinary': [3454], 'vanillylmandelic': [3455], 'acid,': [3456], 'metanephrines': [3458], 'patients.': [3461], 'C)Class': [3465, 3533, 3783, 3808], 'IIbNoninvasive': [3466], 'likelihood': [3471, 3922], 'facilitate': [3495], 'prescription': [3496], 'program.': [3501], 'C)Endomyocardial': [3505], 'biopsy': [3506, 3535], 'whom': [3510, 3567], 'inflammatory': [3512], 'infiltrative': [3514], 'suspected.': [3520], 'C)Assessment': [3524], 'human': [3526], 'immunodeficiency': [3527], 'virus': [3528], 'IIIEndomyocardial': [3534], 'C)Routine': [3547, 3585, 3841, 3865, 4199], 'Holter': [3548], 'signal-averaged': [3551], 'electrocardiography.': [3552], 'previously': [3572], 'norepinephrine': [3591], 'endothelin.': [3593], 'C)IV.': [3597], 'TherapyA.': [3598], 'High': [3601, 3672], 'Risk': [3602, 3673], 'Developing': [3604, 3675], 'Left': [3605, 3884, 4006, 4223], 'Dysfunction': [3607, 3886, 4009, 4225], '(Stage': [3608, 3677, 3892, 4010, 4231], 'A)Many': [3609], 'behaviors': [3612, 3708], 'show': [3627], 'Because': [3634], 'early': [3635], 'modification': [3636], 'often': [3641], 'working': [3647], 'provides': [3654], 'earliest': [3656], 'opportunity': [3657], 'impact': [3661], 'health.Recommendations': [3668], 'A)Class': [3678], 'IControl': [3679], 'hypertension': [3684, 3744, 3834, 4182], 'accordance': [3686, 3698], 'guidelines.': [3689, 3701], 'A)Treatment': [3693], 'lipid': [3695], 'B)Avoidance': [3705], 'increase': [3711], 'smoking,': [3717], 'consumption,': [3719], 'illicit': [3721], 'use).': [3723], 'C)Angiotensin': [3727], 'converting': [3728], 'enzyme': [3729], '(ACE)': [3730], 'inhibition': [3731, 4013, 4033], 'atherosclerotic': [3738], 'vascular': [3739], 'mellitus,': [3742], 'cardiovascular': [3747], 'factors.': [3749], 'B)Control': [3753], 'rate': [3756], 'supraventricular': [3760], 'tachyarrhythmias.': [3761], 'B)Treatment': [3765], 'thyroid': [3767], 'disorders.': [3768], 'C)Periodic': [3772], 'IIaNoninvasive': [3784], 'cardiomyopathy': [3798], 'interventions.': [3804], 'IIIExercise': [3809], 'prevent': [3811, 3871, 3981, 4191, 4210], 'C)Reduction': [3819, 4167], 'dietary': [3821, 3969, 4169], 'salt': [3822, 4170], 'beyond': [3823, 4171], 'prudent': [3827, 4175], 'healthy': [3829, 4177], 'retention.': [3837, 4185], 'use': [3866, 3932, 3976, 4200, 4278], 'nutritional': [3868, 3978, 4202], 'supplements': [3869, 3979, 4203], 'C)B.': [3881], 'Who': [3887], 'Have': [3888], 'Not': [3889], 'Developed': [3890], 'Symptoms': [3891, 4230], 'B)Patients': [3893], 'considerable': [3916], 'diminished': [3929], 'therapies': [3934], 'additional': [3940], 'injury,': [3941], 'control': [3967], 'sodium,': [3970], 'participation': [3971], 'regular': [3973], 'exercise,': [3974], 'recent': [3990, 4018, 4058], 'remote': [3992, 4020], 'dysfunction.Recommendations': [4001], 'Asymptomatic': [4005], 'Systolic': [4008], 'IACE': [4012], 'regardless': [4025, 4061], 'fraction.': [4028, 4064], 'A)ACE': [4032], 'reduced': [4038, 4073], 'fraction,': [4040, 4075], 'infarction.': [4049, 4084], 'B)Beta-blockade': [4053], 'A)Beta-blockade': [4068], 'B)Valve': [4088], 'replacement': [4089], 'repair': [4091], 'hemodynamically': [4095], 'stenosis': [4098], 'regurgitation.': [4100, 4145], 'B)Regular': [4104], 'C)Measures': [4115], 'class': [4118, 4237], 'I': [4119, 4238], '(Levels': [4126], 'A,': [4129], 'B,': [4130], 'appropriate).Class': [4134], 'IIbLong-term': [4135], 'systemic': [4138], 'vasodilators': [4139], 'aortic': [4144], 'IIITreatment': [4150], 'digoxin': [4152], 'sinus': [4162], 'rhythm.': [4163], 'C)Exercise': [4189], 'treat': [4205], 'C)C.': [4220], 'Current': [4227], 'Prior': [4229], 'C)1.': [4232], 'General': [4233], 'Measures.Measures': [4234], 'Section': [4260], 'V).': [4261], 'addition,': [4263], 'moderate': [4264], 'sodium': [4265], 'restriction': [4266, 4331], 'indicated,': [4268], 'along': [4269], 'weight,': [4274], 'permit': [4276], 'effective': [4277], 'lower': [4280], 'safer': [4282], 'doses': [4283], 'diuretic': [4285], 'drugs.': [4286], 'Immunization': [4287], 'influenza': [4289], 'pneumococcal': [4291], 'vaccines': [4292], 'infection.': [4300], 'participate': [4306], 'heavy': [4308], 'labor': [4309], 'exhaustive': [4311], 'sports,': [4312], 'activity': [4314, 4333], 'encouraged,': [4317], 'except': [4318], 'decompensation': [4323], 'myocarditis,': [4329], 'promotes': [4334], 'deconditioning,': [4336], 'adversely': [4339], 'affect': [4340]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2991727693', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 53}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-19T13:18:57.552693', 'created_date': '2019-12-13'}
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