Title: Emptiness of the Universe as a Cause of Inflation and Dark Energy
Abstract: It is shown that in a homogeneous isotropic empty (with no matter fields) Lorentzian space of the Universe gravitons and classical gravitational waves can be tunneled into Euclidean space of imaginary time through a topologically impenetrable barrier. They are damped here, giving their energy on the formation of the self-consistent de Sitter state, which is invariant with respect to Wick rotation. The latter suggests that it is formed in the Lorentzian space of real time too, and its appearance here can be considered as from nothing. The present Universe is already ~70% empty, and it is going to become completely empty with decreasing of the energy density of non-relativistic matter in the process of cosmological expansion. The inflation is most likely had to start from the vacuum state also. De Sitter accelerated expansion of the empty Universe naturally explains the origin of dark energy and inflation because at the start (inflation) and by the end (dark energy)of its evolution the Universe is empty. Inflation stops when the energy density of the newborn matter reaches threshold (the energy density of instantons). The dark energy takes over after the energy density of non-relativistic matter drops below of the same threshold. The CMB anisotropy of the order of 10^-5 is produced by fluctuations in the number of gravitons. The existence of a threshold and unique coincidence of topologically impenetrable barriers for tunneling takes place for the matter dominated epoch and De Sitter State only. These facts provide a solution to the coincidence problem. The theoretical prediction that the equation-of-state parameter should be w>-1for inflation and w<-1 for dark energy is consistent with observational data. The mandatory use of imaginary time (and then back to real time) suggests that time is a complex variable and this fact has a deep but still not understood meaning.
Publication Year: 2015
Publication Date: 2015-08-28
Language: en
Type: preprint
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Cited By Count: 4
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