Title: Dark Energy, Inflation, CMB Anisotropy and Polarization from Quantum Metric Fluctuations
Abstract: We propose a model of cosmological evolution of the early and late Universe which is consistent with observational data and naturally explains the origin of inflation and dark energy (DE). We show that the de Sitter accelerated expansion of the FLRW space with no matter fields (hereinafter “empty space”) is its natural state, and the model does not require either a scalar field or cosmological constant or any other hypotheses. Mathematically, this is due to the fact that the de Sitter state is an exact solution of the rigorous, mathematically consistent equations of one-loop quantum gravity for the empty FLRW space that are finite off the mass shell. Physically, this is due to the fact that the natural quantum metric fluctuations have the backreaction effect on the FLRW background, forming a self-polarized de Sitter graviton-ghost condensate which describes the condensation of gravitons on the horizon scale of the non– stationary Universe leading to its exponential expansion. The energy required to maintain the accelerated expansion is drawn from the graviton vacuum. At the start and the end of cosmological evolution, the Universe is assumed to be empty, which means that de Sitter expansion is a natural state of the Universe at the start and end of its cosmological evolution. The emptiness of the Universe at the start of its cosmological evolution automatically generates inflation. With an increase in the energy density of a new-born matter during inflation, the expansion begins to deviate from the de Sitter law, and eventually stops when the energy density of new-born matter reaches the first threshold which is the energy density of instantons. After that, the standard Big Bang cosmology begins. With a decrease in the energy density of matter by the end of the cosmological evolution of the Universe, the expansion first passes through the second threshold which again is the energy density of instantons. Here the quasi-de Sitter expansion (i.e. DE) is born, and then as the Universe empties, approaches the de Sitter law and asymptotically becomes such when the Universe becomes completely empty. This is observed as the DE effect. This scenario seems consistent with observational data. Existence of the first threshold explains the reason why the inflation is stopped. Existence of the second threshold explains why the DE acceleration is happening during the contemporary epoch of matter domination (coincidence problem). The Universe starts and ends with de Sitter expansion but the evolutionary process runs in these cases in opposite directions. It leads to the prediction that the signs of the parameter 1 w + should be opposite in both cases, and this fact is consistent with observations. The fluctuations of the number of gravitons lead to fluctuations of their energy density which in turn leads to the observed CMB temperature anisotropy of the order of 5 10 and CMB polarization. In the frame of this scenario, it is not a hypothetical scalar field that generates inflation and relic gravitational waves but on the contrary, the gravitational waves (gravitons) generate DE, inflation, CMB anisotropy and polarization.
Publication Year: 2014
Publication Date: 2014-10-03
Language: en
Type: article
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