Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2945607240', 'doi': None, 'title': 'On Performance Characteristics of Kenyan Iron Ore for Iron Making', 'display_name': 'On Performance Characteristics of Kenyan Iron Ore for Iron Making', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-03-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2945607240', 'mag': '2945607240'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.flogen.org/sips2015/paper-3-302.html', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306497983', 'display_name': '2015-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100831393', 'display_name': 'Swatantra Prakash', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Swatantra Prakash', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037087162', 'display_name': 'Arthur Ndegwa', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Arthur Ndegwa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 66}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '501', 'last_page': '522'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11837', 'display_name': 'Iron and Steelmaking Processes', 'score': 0.966, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11837', 'display_name': 'Iron and Steelmaking Processes', 'score': 0.966, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12282', 'display_name': 'Mineral Processing and Grinding', 'score': 0.9454, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-ore', 'display_name': 'Iron ore', 'score': 0.90239066}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pig-iron', 'display_name': 'Pig iron', 'score': 0.5980676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-reduced-iron', 'display_name': 'Direct reduced iron', 'score': 0.5325811}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya', 'display_name': 'Kenya', 'score': 0.47738022}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779748816', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191552', 'display_name': 'Iron ore', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.90239066}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780269488', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181485', 'display_name': 'Blast furnace', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8552598}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780385392', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192795', 'display_name': 'Coke', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69180304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206139338', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355', 'display_name': 'Raw material', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6361242}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C518851703', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489', 'display_name': 'Coal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60909665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781409005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901785', 'display_name': 'Pig iron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5980676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.57414013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24763909', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1313218', 'display_name': 'Direct reduced iron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5325811}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187651312', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114', 'display_name': 'Kenya', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47738022}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104806805', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482090', 'display_name': 'Steelmaking', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44582215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779131772', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103223', 'display_name': 'Hematite', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43283886}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35748804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3400123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28920388}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2822289}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15665358}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.082206696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.flogen.org/sips2015/paper-3-302.html', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306497983', 'display_name': '2015-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W67302712', 'https://openalex.org/W55341601', 'https://openalex.org/W3191826862', 'https://openalex.org/W2961625876', 'https://openalex.org/W2947038337', 'https://openalex.org/W2887504715', 'https://openalex.org/W2820460469', 'https://openalex.org/W2517763945', 'https://openalex.org/W2385646302', 'https://openalex.org/W2384659461', 'https://openalex.org/W2360260751', 'https://openalex.org/W2329609483', 'https://openalex.org/W2221063728', 'https://openalex.org/W2076890363', 'https://openalex.org/W1975045980', 'https://openalex.org/W1972234764', 'https://openalex.org/W1799326117', 'https://openalex.org/W1613693013', 'https://openalex.org/W152269268', 'https://openalex.org/W1487699040'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'the': [1, 8, 31, 80, 123, 136, 139, 142, 152, 196, 201, 209, 223, 247], 'last': [2], 'more': [3], 'than': [4], 'four': [5], 'thousand': [6], 'years,': [7, 166], 'iron': [9, 25, 37, 69, 83, 109, 112, 129, 156, 171, 185, 197, 214, 232, 242, 252, 267], 'making': [10, 38, 84, 88, 113, 186, 198, 215, 233, 243], 'technology': [11], 'has': [12, 45], 'come': [13], 'a': [14, 100, 146], 'long': [15], 'way.': [16], 'The': [17, 204], 'transition': [18], 'from': [19], 'bloom': [20], 'in': [21, 27, 35, 121, 164, 193], 'bloomeries': [22], 'to': [23, 103, 179, 182, 207], 'molten': [24], 'produced': [26], 'blast': [28, 43, 202, 227], 'furnaces': [29], 'was': [30], 'first': [32], 'major': [33], 'step': [34], 'advancing': [36], 'technology.': [39], 'An': [40], 'average': [41], 'modern': [42], 'furnace': [44, 228], 'an': [46, 255], 'inner': [47], 'volume': [48], 'of': [49, 58, 68, 75, 95, 138, 148, 155, 170, 195, 212, 222, 226, 240, 250], 'about': [50, 55, 65], '3500': [51], 'm3': [52], 'and': [53, 72, 131, 141, 159, 173, 229, 258, 268], 'produces': [54], '8000': [56], 't': [57, 67, 74], 'hot': [59, 270], 'metal': [60, 271], 'per': [61, 77], 'day': [62], 'thus': [63], 'consuming': [64], '12000': [66], 'bearing': [70, 157], 'material': [71], '4000': [73], 'coke': [76], 'day.': [78], 'On': [79], 'contrary': [81], 'alternative,': [82], 'processes': [85, 107, 150, 244], 'like': [86], 'DRI': [87], 'can': [89], 'utilize': [90], 'non-coking': [91], 'coal': [92], 'without': [93], 'use': [94], 'coke.': [96], 'There': [97], 'is,': [98, 176], 'however,': [99], 'continuous': [101], 'endeavour': [102], 'develop': [104], 'several': [105], 'alternative': [106, 241], 'for': [108, 254, 264], 'making.': [110], 'These': [111], 'systems': [114], 'are': [115], 'beset': [116], 'with': [117], 'process': [118], 'complexities': [119], 'mainly': [120], 'finding': [122], 'proper': [124], 'raw': [125, 187, 216], 'materials': [126, 188, 217], 'comprising': [127], 'both': [128, 263], 'ore': [130, 172, 253], 'matching': [132], 'reducing': [133, 160], 'agents.': [134, 161], 'So': [135], 'experience': [137], 'operators': [140], 'engineers': [143], 'still': [144], 'have': [145], 'dependence': [147], 'ironmaking': [149], 'on': [151], 'performance': [153, 210], 'characteristics': [154, 211], 'minerals': [158], 'Kenya': [162], 'has,': [163], 'recent': [165], 'discovered': [167], 'significant': [168], 'reserves': [169], 'coal.': [174], 'It': [175, 235], 'therefore,': [177], 'expedient': [178], 'determine': [180], 'as': [181], 'whether': [183], 'these': [184], 'could': [189], 'economically': [190], 'be': [191], 'utilised': [192], 'some': [194, 221], 'processes,': [199], 'including': [200], 'furnace.': [203], 'paper': [205], 'seeks': [206], 'examine': [208], 'Kenyan': [213, 251], 'under': [218], 'conditions': [219], 'simulating': [220], 'essential': [224], 'features': [225], 'directly': [230, 265], 'reduced': [231, 266], 'processes.': [234], 'also': [236], 'discusses': [237], 'various': [238], 'aspects': [239], 'vis-a': [245], 'vis': [246], 'physico-chemical': [248], 'properties': [249], 'energy': [256], 'efficient': [257], 'environmentally': [259], 'benign': [260], 'production': [261], 'units': [262], 'liquid': [269], 'operations.': [272]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2945607240', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-06T20:40:01.482234', 'created_date': '2019-05-29'}