Fatty liver disrupts glycerol metabolism in gluconeogenic and lipogenic pathways in humans

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Eunsook S. Jin; Jeffrey D. Browning; Rebecca E. Murphy; Craig R. Malloy
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[5, 174], 'metabolic': [6, 44, 82, 175, 213, 251, 433, 1029, 1050, 1268, 2775, 3029, 3904, 4517, 4595, 4651, 4725, 4837, 4903], 'dysregulation': [7, 176], 'in': [8, 30, 46, 84, 109, 133, 177, 199, 215, 253, 278, 302, 396, 400, 470, 505, 582, 585, 610, 620, 673, 709, 738, 745, 779, 789, 810, 854, 893, 910, 954, 1001, 1024, 1054, 1100, 1134, 1169, 1190, 1204, 1270, 1292, 1301, 1325, 1357, 1396, 1404, 1564, 1602, 1610, 1641, 1791, 1856, 1918, 2057, 2169, 2207, 2218, 2271, 2384, 2441, 2495, 2597, 2616, 2636, 2782, 2792, 2820, 2830, 2849, 2879, 2895, 2899, 2942, 2959, 2981, 3009, 3031, 3046, 3054, 3066, 3075, 3097, 3166, 3196, 3249, 3261, 3285, 3331, 3380, 3392, 3403, 3410, 3462, 3472, 3554, 3576, 3598, 3611, 3657, 3666, 3677, 3687, 3698, 3748, 3774, 3783, 3796, 3810, 3848, 3860, 3870, 3920, 3925, 3939, 3979, 4001, 4063, 4122, 4143, 4231, 4240, 4251, 4287, 4294, 4390, 4467, 4489, 4503, 4511, 4540, 4558, 4570, 4587, 4597, 4600, 4613, 4620, 4627, 4677, 4681, 4785, 4800, 4804, 4824, 4840, 4853, 4893, 4896, 4906, 4913], 'fatty': [9, 178, 339, 362, 485, 545, 642, 677, 752, 814, 914, 1086, 1904, 2063, 2427, 3012, 3799, 3863, 4161, 4499, 4514, 4543, 4602, 4977], 'liver': [10, 32, 179, 201, 340, 347, 363, 477, 486, 521, 546, 588, 643, 678, 753, 815, 845, 915, 945, 977, 1025, 1195, 1207, 1816, 1847, 2827, 3800, 3975, 4002, 4162, 4544, 4603, 4917, 4928, 4978], 'of': [11, 43, 68, 73, 113, 137, 144, 180, 212, 237, 242, 282, 306, 313, 355, 393, 405, 421, 442, 473, 476, 483, 508, 514, 543, 557, 562, 579, 598, 638, 697, 703, 787, 844, 849, 869, 874, 888, 944, 949, 969, 976, 983, 1042, 1079, 1163, 1219, 1283, 1308, 1312, 1343, 1362, 1390, 1408, 1429, 1469, 1509, 1512, 1520, 1549, 1554, 1570, 1585, 1592, 1600, 1653, 1672, 1815, 1846, 1851, 1897, 1971, 1982, 2034, 2053, 2068, 2104, 2118, 2190, 2200, 2215, 2226, 2239, 2281, 2290, 2301, 2307, 2321, 2365, 2397, 2420, 2467, 2476, 2524, 2551, 2570, 2573, 2583, 2600, 2621, 2633, 2644, 2743, 2768, 2774, 2797, 2838, 2855, 2875, 2892, 2905, 2914, 2951, 2976, 3003, 3017, 3022, 3092, 3131, 3226, 3259, 3265, 3268, 3303, 3376, 3378, 3384, 3406, 3425, 3441, 3469, 3509, 3514, 3548, 3571, 3589, 3690, 3786, 3806, 3818, 3833, 3854, 3879, 3881, 3918, 3935, 3948, 3964, 3974, 4005, 4028, 4048, 4072, 4081, 4119, 4132, 4167, 4194, 4204, 4213, 4243, 4313, 4329, 4430, 4435, 4460, 4473, 4480, 4525, 4532, 4649, 4674, 4686, 4700, 4754, 4768, 4788, 4830, 4836, 4862, 4884, 4916, 4921, 4990, 5000, 5005], 'human': [12, 181, 1101, 1326, 1919, 2442, 4801], 'patients': [13, 85, 97, 182, 254, 266, 4497, 4512, 4541, 4790, 4841, 4868], 'prior': [14, 183, 1289, 1354, 1479, 2808, 3276, 4199], 'clinical': [16, 185, 474, 1002, 4202, 4628], 'manifestations.': [17, 186], 'Here,': [18, 187, 1209, 2274, 4454], 'we': [19, 188, 1009, 1210, 3865, 4023, 4207, 4455, 4846], 'recruited': [20, 189, 1235], 'obese,': [21, 190, 1236], 'but': [22, 191, 590, 2287, 2872, 3072, 3121, 4607], 'otherwise': [23, 192, 1237], 'healthy,': [24, 193, 1238], 'subjects': [25, 92, 194, 261, 1215, 1327, 1443, 1495, 1673, 3048, 4123, 4571, 4643, 4711, 4733], 'examine': [27, 196, 1267], 'biochemical': [28, 197, 1022, 1185, 1670, 3794, 4879], 'processes': [29, 198, 1023, 1051, 1186, 3030, 3795, 4852, 4904], 'the': [31, 104, 110, 121, 161, 200, 273, 279, 290, 330, 344, 356, 401, 471, 551, 555, 565, 596, 695, 701, 790, 872, 885, 986, 1055, 1058, 1096, 1126, 1135, 1286, 1336, 1341, 1360, 1391, 1405, 1409, 1413, 1417, 1466, 1477, 1481, 1488, 1492, 1499, 1506, 1510, 1517, 1542, 1546, 1565, 1573, 1914, 1960, 2089, 2110, 2115, 2148, 2176, 2179, 2187, 2213, 2264, 2268, 2275, 2278, 2282, 2288, 2297, 2302, 2305, 2319, 2326, 2374, 2385, 2402, 2408, 2437, 2460, 2465, 2549, 2552, 2561, 2568, 2574, 2581, 2598, 2603, 2619, 2642, 2674, 2722, 2805, 2826, 2850, 2861, 2867, 2873, 2880, 2885, 2900, 2910, 2920, 2925, 2937, 2943, 2960, 2982, 3006, 3015, 3063, 3076, 3080, 3084, 3098, 3114, 3128, 3142, 3150, 3188, 3207, 3219, 3223, 3232, 3239, 3242, 3250, 3254, 3266, 3273, 3286, 3313, 3323, 3332, 3366, 3381, 3393, 3404, 3413, 3416, 3423, 3429, 3447, 3456, 3490, 3518, 3567, 3579, 3586, 3596, 3609, 3636, 3667, 3678, 3688, 3693, 3701, 3706, 3710, 3721, 3735, 3738, 3745, 3757, 3772, 3781, 3784, 3802, 3839, 3845, 3852, 3926, 3932, 3940, 4006, 4046, 4064, 4079, 4088, 4107, 4113, 4116, 4130, 4144, 4150, 4155, 4171, 4211, 4217, 4228, 4237, 4241, 4252, 4264, 4282, 4290, 4327, 4346, 4349, 4364, 4428, 4433, 4440, 4444, 4458, 4470, 4486, 4493, 4561, 4583, 4601, 4621, 4631, 4647, 4682, 4721, 4745, 4763, 4818, 4821, 4887, 4899, 4907, 4922], 'with': [33, 86, 91, 93, 98, 153, 202, 255, 260, 262, 267, 322, 430, 640, 675, 750, 812, 878, 912, 1206, 1216, 1223, 1280, 1328, 1359, 1423, 1567, 1597, 1953, 1959, 1994, 2155, 2220, 2628, 2646, 2727, 2737, 2884, 3011, 3079, 3113, 3253, 3289, 3464, 3705, 3798, 3827, 3862, 3894, 4124, 4341, 4469, 4498, 4513, 4534, 4542, 4572, 4712, 4729, 4734, 4739, 4750, 4842, 4855, 4877], 'simple': [34, 87, 148, 203, 256, 317, 447, 1012, 3909, 4021, 4856], 'triglyceride': [35, 204, 2221, 3897, 3978, 3999, 4103, 4614, 4618, 4968], 'accumulation': [36, 205, 420, 469, 4619], 'using': [37, 52, 206, 221, 1016, 1819, 1941, 1975, 2005, 2088, 2567, 2673, 2684, 2696, 2707, 2734, 2747, 3801, 3908], 'stable': [38, 207, 599, 970, 1013, 3910], 'isotopes': [39, 208, 971], 'and': [40, 57, 61, 76, 130, 164, 209, 226, 230, 245, 299, 333, 350, 425, 432, 541, 564, 615, 671, 741, 748, 808, 908, 979, 1066, 1081, 1092, 1130, 1192, 1262, 1298, 1320, 1374, 1382, 1416, 1453, 1464, 1562, 1572, 1614, 1665, 1669, 1873, 1899, 1910, 1988, 2030, 2123, 2126, 2135, 2138, 2141, 2163, 2246, 2253, 2257, 2267, 2277, 2314, 2335, 2422, 2433, 2512, 2548, 2592, 2655, 2669, 2679, 2702, 2724, 2761, 2828, 2841, 2858, 2869, 2999, 3040, 3106, 3175, 3206, 3222, 3327, 3352, 3363, 3369, 3408, 3432, 3486, 3544, 3550, 3603, 3605, 3616, 3642, 3670, 3732, 3804, 3808, 3813, 3820, 3829, 3856, 3877, 3898, 3901, 3976, 4003, 4044, 4056, 4140, 4157, 4182, 4387, 4505, 4633, 4850, 4864, 4890, 4950], 'NMR': [41, 71, 210, 240, 1083, 1883, 1901, 1937, 1969, 2032, 2066, 2084, 2091, 2103, 2225, 2424, 2474, 2772, 2837, 3546, 3569, 4524, 4531], 'analysis': [42, 72, 211, 241, 1084, 1902, 2067, 2093, 2425, 2475, 2523, 2773], 'products': [45, 214], 'blood.': [47, 216], 'Intrahepatic': [48, 217], 'triglycerides': [49, 75, 114, 218, 244, 283, 423, 704, 846, 946, 1848, 2119, 2201, 2324, 2398, 2670, 2810, 2823, 2876, 2954, 3919, 3938, 3951, 4029, 4032, 4050, 4142, 4245, 4874, 4991, 4992, 5001, 5006], 'were': [50, 101, 219, 270, 1241, 1402, 1420, 1440, 1496, 1523, 1556, 1871, 1939, 1973, 2012, 2036, 2086, 2660, 2671, 2732, 2745, 2864, 3147, 3228, 3777, 4508, 4527, 4624, 4644, 4875], 'measured': [51, 220, 1226, 2210, 2518, 2672, 2683, 2695, 2706], '1H': [53, 222, 1536, 1813], 'magnetic': [54, 223, 1229, 1528, 2521, 4971, 4973], 'resonance': [55, 224, 1230, 1529, 2023, 2235, 2522, 4972, 4974], 'spectroscopy,': [56, 225], 'volunteers': [58, 227, 1239, 1258, 1365, 2758], 'received': [59, 228, 1259, 1465, 1545, 2759], '2H2O': [60, 229, 1470, 1555, 1575, 2762, 3476, 3510], '[U-13C3]glycerol': [62, 118, 155, 231, 287, 324, 1043, 1213, 1261, 1630, 2322, 2366, 2760, 2784, 2798, 2802, 2906, 2952, 3036, 3060, 3185, 3269, 3651, 3819, 3834, 4096, 4168, 4261, 4539, 4742, 4863], 'orally,': [63, 232], 'followed': [64, 233, 1044, 1649, 2764, 3387], 'by': [65, 103, 234, 272, 419, 467, 550, 852, 952, 1026, 1045, 1227, 1335, 1650, 1854, 2065, 2174, 2211, 2263, 2371, 2378, 2519, 2563, 2610, 2624, 2640, 2662, 2765, 2779, 2825, 2957, 2985, 3101, 3388, 3422, 3585, 3595, 3608, 3684, 3753, 3844, 4136, 4226, 4406, 4529, 4582], 'series': [67, 236, 1652, 2767], 'blood': [69, 238, 1046, 1082, 1615, 1654, 1900, 2423, 2658, 2769], 'draws.': [70, 239, 1047], 'plasma': [74, 243, 1028, 1874, 2069, 2105, 2208, 2480, 2637, 2647, 2856, 2896, 2912, 3023, 3473, 3811, 3921, 3977, 4004, 4031, 4082, 4120, 4141, 4232, 4244, 4463, 4549, 4588], 'glucose': [77, 138, 246, 307, 850, 890, 950, 1302, 1852, 1875, 1880, 2055, 2496, 2527, 2544, 2575, 2617, 2626, 2635, 2648, 2681, 2685, 3024, 3057, 3069, 3093, 3133, 3167, 3177, 3197, 3474, 3494, 3573, 3590, 3789, 3814, 3859, 3899, 4233, 4279, 4309, 4325, 4388, 4447, 4464, 4490, 4533, 4550, 4589, 4598, 4783, 4825, 4970], 'provided': [78, 247, 1350], 'detailed': [79, 248], 'information': [80, 249, 2317, 2817, 3026], 'about': [81, 250, 2318, 3027, 3946], 'pathways': [83, 158, 252, 327, 609, 1168, 3836, 4885], 'hepatic': [88, 95, 99, 149, 257, 264, 268, 318, 394, 456, 580, 667, 698, 742, 804, 889, 904, 1220, 1224, 1271, 1276, 1329, 2054, 2513, 3203, 3304, 3823, 3891, 3896, 3950, 4304, 4431, 4675, 4714, 4755, 4857, 4873], 'steatosis.': [89, 258, 1272, 1330], 'Compared': [90, 259], 'low': [94, 263, 1250, 2188, 2390, 2886, 4555], 'fat,': [96, 265, 1221, 1452], 'steatosis': [100, 150, 269, 319, 395, 448, 457, 1277, 3824, 3892, 4125, 4573, 4676, 4715, 4858], 'characterized': [102, 271, 418, 465, 4839], 'following:': [105, 274], 'lower': [106, 275, 2898, 3096, 3111, 4117, 4536, 4569], '13C': [107, 276, 1965, 1968, 2029, 2102, 2158, 2167, 2184, 2216, 2224, 2473, 2493, 2608, 2614, 2836, 2847, 3019, 3090, 3545, 3807, 3846, 3855, 3875, 4530, 4556, 4562], 'enrichments': [108, 277, 2494, 2848], 'glycerol': [111, 280, 1018, 1093, 1133, 1167, 1284, 1911, 2116, 2145, 2153, 2194, 2204, 2259, 2330, 2395, 2434, 2704, 2780, 2813, 2851, 2859, 3004, 3085, 3330, 3606, 3645, 3655, 3702, 3716, 3731, 3760, 3787, 3883, 4272, 4311, 4322, 4337, 4358, 4408, 4474, 4494, 4504, 4831, 4900, 4963, 4988, 4995, 4998, 5003], 'backbones': [112, 281, 2117, 2154, 2205, 2260, 2396, 2814, 3927, 4242, 4312, 4989, 4996, 4999, 5004], '(i.e.,': [115, 284], 'TG-[13C]glycerol),': [116, 285], 'higher': [117, 286, 2878, 2941, 2956, 3074, 3248, 3284, 4165], 'metabolism': [119, 156, 288, 325, 581, 978, 1094, 1282, 1311, 1912, 2435, 2803, 3061, 3186, 3832, 3900, 4148, 4169, 4719, 4743, 4895], 'through': [120, 157, 289, 326, 1095, 1285, 1913, 2401, 2436, 2804, 3062, 3187, 3272, 3312, 3356, 3428, 3835, 4149, 4170, 4216, 4289, 4720, 4744], 'tricarboxylic': [122, 291, 791, 1097, 1915, 2438, 2514, 4986], 'acid': [123, 292, 792, 1087, 1098, 1905, 1916, 2428, 2439, 2515, 4987], '(TCA)': [124, 293, 793], 'cycle,': [125, 294, 3638, 3841], 'delayed': [126, 165, 295, 334, 1294, 4487, 4594], 'gluconeogenesis': [127, 166, 296, 335, 672, 809, 909, 1131, 1295, 1319, 3328, 3357, 3437, 3549, 4537, 4761], 'from': [128, 167, 297, 336, 446, 1132, 1296, 1432, 2114, 2195, 2479, 2485, 2587, 3035, 3202, 3209, 3215, 3329, 3359, 3483, 3489, 3631, 3635, 3640, 3644, 3737, 4260, 4281, 4348, 4367, 4411, 4443, 4538, 4617, 4762, 4780], '[U-13C3]glycerol,': [129, 298, 1297, 3018], 'less': [131, 300, 3122, 4891], 'flexibility': [132, 301, 4892], 'adjusting': [134, 303], 'supporting': [135, 304], 'fluxes': [136, 305, 2517], 'production': [139, 308, 851, 891, 951, 1303, 1853, 3311, 3495, 4104, 4389, 4491, 4599, 4826], 'upon': [140, 309], 'an': [141, 310, 397, 1039, 1305, 1314, 1611, 1675, 2559, 2697, 3965, 4069, 4300, 4477, 4678, 4775, 4926], 'oral': [142, 311, 1040, 1077, 1212, 1306, 1895, 2418, 3650, 3816, 4070, 4271, 4478, 4860], 'load': [143, 312, 1041, 1078, 1307, 1896, 2419, 3086, 3652, 3703, 4071, 4328, 4479, 4495, 4829], 'glycerol.': [145, 168, 314, 337, 1309, 4481], 'In': [146, 315, 2101, 2223, 2472, 2924, 3566, 3618, 4817, 4844], 'summary,': [147, 316, 4845], 'was': [151, 320, 1278, 1322, 1333, 1577, 1608, 1618, 1817, 1876, 2003, 2024, 2172, 2209, 2369, 2377, 2565, 2682, 2694, 2705, 2754, 2844, 2877, 2897, 2940, 2955, 2978, 3044, 3070, 3095, 3109, 3125, 3247, 3307, 3444, 3459, 3682, 3696, 3764, 3825, 4084, 4316, 4333, 4339, 4360, 4465, 4485, 4567, 4605, 4609, 4771], 'associated': [152, 321, 429, 877, 1279, 3826, 4738, 4876], 'enhanced': [154, 323, 980, 1281, 3828, 4321, 4760], 'that': [159, 328, 516, 606, 882, 997, 1275, 2936, 3139, 3214, 3270, 3455, 3771, 3837, 3890, 3902, 3922, 3945, 4025, 4045, 4078, 4102, 4192, 4210, 4256, 4335, 4457], 'intersect': [160, 329, 3838], 'TCA': [162, 331, 669, 806, 906, 1287, 2349, 2403, 2806, 3007, 3064, 3189, 3274, 3491, 3551, 3580, 3637, 3739, 3840, 4151, 4172, 4218, 4265, 4350, 4722, 4746, 4764, 4888], 'cycle': [163, 332, 670, 794, 807, 907, 1099, 1288, 1411, 1917, 2350, 2404, 2440, 2516, 2807, 3008, 3065, 3190, 3275, 3492, 3552, 3581, 3740, 4152, 4173, 4219, 4266, 4351, 4723, 4747, 4889], 'Nonalcoholic': [338, 361], 'disease': [341, 348, 416, 443, 478, 522, 4929, 4979], '(NAFLD)': [342], 'most': [345], 'common': [346, 4201, 4752], 'worldwide': [349], 'affects': [351], 'more': [352, 511, 3000, 3830], 'than': [353, 723, 3213], '30%': [354, 1449, 1451], 'US': [357], 'population': [358, 399, 1393, 4680], '(1.Rinella': [359], 'M.E.': [360, 2046], 'disease:': [364, 547], 'systematic': [366], 'review.JAMA.': [367], '2015;': [368, 859, 959, 1861], '313:': [369], '2263-2273Crossref': [370], 'PubMed': [371, 410, 491, 572, 653, 689, 763, 826, 862, 926, 962, 1113, 1147, 1179, 1864, 1931, 2078, 2454, 2533, 3344, 3526, 3563, 3989, 4016, 4419, 4691, 4812], 'Scopus': [372, 411, 492, 573, 654, 690, 764, 827, 863, 927, 963, 1114, 1148, 1180, 1865, 1932, 2079, 2455, 2534, 3345, 3527, 4420, 4692, 4813], '(1476)': [373], 'Google': [374, 413, 494, 575, 656, 692, 766, 829, 865, 929, 965, 1116, 1150, 1182, 1867, 1934, 2081, 2457, 2536, 3347, 3529, 3564, 3990, 4017, 4397, 4422, 4694, 4815], 'Scholar,': [375, 657, 830, 930, 1117, 1151, 3530, 3991, 4398], '2.Browning': [376], 'J.D.': [377, 385, 627, 663, 800, 836, 838, 900, 936, 938, 1838, 1840, 4658, 4666], 'Szczepaniak': [378, 4659], 'L.S.': [379, 4660], 'Dobbins': [380, 4661], 'R.': [381, 4400, 4662], 'Nuremberg': [382, 4663], 'P.': [383, 4664], 'Horton': [384, 4665], 'Cohen': [386, 4667], 'J.C.': [387, 4668], 'Grundy': [388, 4669], 'S.M.': [389, 3536, 4670], 'Hobbs': [390, 4671], 'H.H.': [391, 4672], 'Prevalence': [392, 4673], 'urban': [398, 4679], 'United': [402, 4683], 'States:': [403, 4684], 'impact': [404, 4685], 'ethnicity.Hepatology.': [406, 4687], '2004;': [407, 2530, 4688], '40:': [408, 4689], '1387-1395Crossref': [409, 4690], '(2923)': [412, 4693], 'Scholar).': [414, 495, 576, 693, 767, 866, 966, 1183, 1868, 1935, 2082, 2458, 2537, 3348, 3565, 4018, 4423, 4816], 'The': [415, 539, 967, 1031, 1388, 1551, 2020, 2166, 2197, 2312, 2362, 2380, 2538, 2612, 2631, 2794, 2853, 2890, 2970, 3089, 3193, 3257, 3467, 3886, 3916, 4074, 4160, 4248, 4381, 4424, 4501, 4707, 4766, 4935], 'intrahepatic': [422, 4967], '(IHTGs),': [424], 'it': [426, 2931, 4332, 4450], 'often': [428], 'obesity': [431], 'syndrome.': [434], 'Although': [435, 4866], 'generally': [436, 989], 'asymptomatic,': [437], 'NAFLD': [438, 515, 583, 621, 894, 1191, 4737], 'encompasses': [439], 'spectrum': [441, 3570], 'activity': [444, 3306, 3418, 3458], 'ranging': [445], 'inflammation,': [450], 'fibrosis,': [451], 'and,': [452], 'potentially,': [453], 'cirrhosis.': [454], 'Simple': [455], 'thought': [459], 'be': [461, 716, 777, 2294, 2470, 2786, 3161, 3283, 3420, 4129, 4285, 4578, 4833, 4933], 'benign': [463], 'condition': [464, 499], 'solely': [466], 'IHTG': [468, 720, 1248, 1678, 1682, 4139], 'absence': [472, 4648], 'indicators': [475], '(3.Hübscher': [479], 'S.G.': [480], 'Histological': [481], 'assessment': [482], 'non-alcoholic': [484, 544], 'disease.Histopathology.': [487], '2006;': [488], '49:': [489, 4810], '450-465Crossref': [490], '(240)': [493], 'However,': [496, 3238, 3439, 4331, 4560], 'this': [497, 712, 1198, 1386, 3155, 3385, 4026], 'bland': [498], 'may': [500, 4552], 'transition': [501], 'nonalcoholic': [503, 641, 676, 751, 813, 913, 4976], 'steatohepatitis': [504], 'subset': [507], 'individuals,': [509, 781], 'severe': [512], 'form': [513], 'can': [517, 2293, 2785, 3419, 4284], 'lead': [518], 'chronic': [520, 1425], '(4.Chalasani': [523], 'N.': [524, 840, 940, 1842, 4404], 'Younossi': [525], 'Z.': [526], 'Lavine': [527], 'J.E.': [528, 623], 'Diehl': [529], 'A.M.': [530], 'Brunt': [531], 'E.M.': [532], 'Cusi': [533], 'K.': [534, 3505], 'Charlton': [535], 'M.': [536, 834, 934, 1836, 2502], 'Sanyal': [537], 'A.J.': [538], 'diagnosis': [540], 'management': [542], 'practice': [548], 'Guideline': [549], 'American': [552, 560, 566], 'Association': [553], 'for': [554, 1035, 1317, 1535, 1588, 1595, 1620, 1882, 2014, 2771, 2788, 2846, 3127, 3144, 3184, 3279, 3511, 3767, 3884, 3972, 4267, 4303, 4646, 4953], 'Study': [556], 'Liver': [558], 'Diseases,': [559], 'College': [561], 'Gastroenterology,': [563], 'Gastroenterological': [567], 'Association.Hepatology.': [568], '2012;': [569], '55:': [570], '2005-2023Crossref': [571], '(2529)': [574], 'Early': [577], 'studies': [578, 975, 988], 'depended': [584], 'part': [586, 4835], 'on': [587, 595, 847, 947, 1166, 1412, 1476, 1487, 1505, 1849, 2464, 3309, 3780, 4175, 4409, 4522], 'biopsies,': [589], 'there': [591, 4608, 4623, 4696], 'increasing': [593], 'emphasis': [594], 'use': [597, 968, 1428], 'isotope': [600, 993, 1014, 3911], 'tracers.': [601], 'These': [602, 1184, 2995, 3452, 4519, 4638], 'approaches': [603], 'have': [604, 3923, 4655], 'demonstrated': [605, 3843, 4077, 4456, 4847], 'lipid': [607, 743, 770, 2106], 'accrual': [608], 'liver,': [611, 1056, 2783, 3864, 4515, 4622], 'such': [612, 4371, 4716, 4758], 'as': [613, 705, 1583, 1830, 1885, 2038, 2181, 2407, 2715, 3052, 3373, 3842, 4224, 4372, 4717, 4759], 'lipogenesis': [614, 633], 'lipolytic': [616], 'flux,': [617], 'are': [618, 998, 1052, 1187, 1394, 1772, 1796, 2237, 2261, 2284, 2488, 2541, 2554, 2713, 3200, 3354, 3371, 3906, 4033, 4262, 4640, 4727, 4910], 'increased': [619, 708, 778, 879, 2998, 3654, 4220, 4336, 4718, 4882], '(5.Lambert': [622], 'Ramos-Roman': [624], 'M.A.': [625, 3534], 'Browning': [626, 662, 799, 835, 899, 935, 1837], 'Parks': [628, 660, 797, 897], 'E.J.': [629, 661, 798, 898, 4378], 'Increased': [630, 4741], 'de': [631], 'novo': [632], 'distinct': [636], 'characteristic': [637], 'individuals': [639, 3463], 'disease.Gastroenterology.': [644, 754], '2014;': [645, 1139, 3336], '146:': [646], '726-735Abstract': [647], 'Full': [648, 650, 684, 686, 758, 760, 821, 823, 921, 923, 1108, 1110, 1142, 1144, 1174, 1176, 1926, 1928, 2449, 2451, 3339, 3341, 3986, 4013], 'Text': [649, 651, 685, 687, 759, 761, 822, 824, 922, 924, 1109, 1111, 1143, 1145, 1175, 1177, 1927, 1929, 2450, 2452, 3340, 3342, 3987, 4014], 'PDF': [652, 688, 762, 825, 925, 1112, 1146, 1178, 1930, 2453, 3343, 3988, 4015], '(579)': [655], '6.Sunny': [658], 'N.E.': [659, 796, 896], 'Burgess': [664, 801, 901, 2043, 2503], 'S.C.': [665, 802, 902, 2044, 2504, 3507], 'Excessive': [666, 803, 903], 'mitochondrial': [668, 805, 905, 1067, 4196], 'humans': [674, 811, 911, 1205, 3797, 4854], 'disease.Cell': [679, 816, 916], 'Metab.': [680, 817, 858, 917, 958, 1860, 2074, 3559], '2011;': [681, 818, 918], '14:': [682, 819, 919], '804-810Abstract': [683, 820, 920], '(411)': [691, 828, 928], 'Simultaneously,': [694], 'disposal': [696, 771], 'lipids': [699, 1870, 1972], 'via': [700, 784, 2325], 'secretion': [702], 'VLDLs': [706], 'NAFLD;': [710, 984], 'however,': [711, 985, 1197, 2909], 'process': [713], 'appears': [714], 'saturable': [718], 'at': [719, 1340, 1456, 1461, 1473, 1532, 1622, 1643, 1659, 1999, 2128, 2229, 2577, 2963, 3241, 3295, 3622, 3663, 3674, 3718, 3727, 4564], 'values': [721, 3140], 'greater': [722, 3212, 4133], '∼10%': [724], '(7.Fabbrini': [725], 'E.': [726], 'Mohammed': [727], 'B.S.': [728], 'Magkos': [729], 'F.': [730, 4376], 'Korenblat': [731], 'K.M.': [732], 'Patterson': [733], 'B.W.': [734], 'Klein': [735], 'S.': [736], 'Alterations': [737], 'adipose': [739], 'tissue': [740], 'kinetics': [744], 'obese': [746], 'men': [747, 1589], 'women': [749], '2008;': [755], '134:': [756], '424-431Abstract': [757], '(400)': [765], 'Recently,': [768, 1008], 'oxidative': [769, 3382], 'has': [772, 972, 1200, 4273], 'also': [773, 2979, 3110, 4208], 'been': [774, 1202, 4274], 'shown': [775, 3575, 4656], 'affected': [780], 'occurring': [782], 'primarily': [783, 3778], 'terminal': [785], 'oxidation': [786, 4784], 'acetyl-CoA': [788], '(6.Sunny': [795, 895], '8.Jin': [831, 931], 'E.S.': [832, 932, 1071, 1119, 1161, 1834, 1889, 2042, 2412, 2498, 3316], 'Szuszkiewicz-Garcia': [833, 933, 1835], 'Baxter': [837, 937, 1839], 'Abate': [839, 939, 1841], 'Malloy': [841, 941, 1074, 1122, 1158, 1843, 1892, 2049, 2415, 2505, 3319, 3539], 'C.R.': [842, 942, 1075, 1123, 1157, 1159, 1844, 1893, 2050, 2416, 2506, 3320, 3540], 'Influence': [843, 943, 1845], 'suppression': [848, 948, 1850], 'insulin': [853, 953, 1855, 2693, 4756, 4805], 'men.J.': [855, 955, 1857], 'Clin.': [856, 956, 1858, 3521], 'Endocrinol.': [857, 957, 1859, 2073, 3558], '100:': [860, 960, 1862], '235-243Crossref': [861, 961, 1863], '(25)': [864, 964, 1866], 'This': [867, 1331, 2816, 3398, 4100, 4190], 'channeling': [868], 'FAs': [870], 'toward': [871, 3005], 'liberation': [873], 'CO2': [875], 'energy': [880], 'generation': [881], 'directly': [883, 3034, 3358], 'supports': [884, 4427], 'elevated': [886], 'rates': [887, 3513], 'observed': [892, 3126, 3866, 3907], 'facilitated': [973], 'noninvasive': [974], 'our': [981], 'understanding': [982], 'aforementioned': [987], 'require': [990], 'prolonged': [991], 'continuous': [992], 'infusions': [994], '(∼2': [995], 'h)': [996], 'not': [999, 1201, 2917, 3158, 3229, 3460, 4052, 4059, 4085, 4110, 4187, 4317], 'feasible': [1000], 'environments': [1003], 'or': [1004, 1427, 1436, 1590, 4236, 4310, 4724, 4930], 'large': [1005], 'patient': [1006], 'populations.': [1007], 'introduced': [1010, 4772], 'method': [1015, 1032, 1199, 4924], '13C-labeled': [1017, 2203, 2634, 4257, 4994], 'study': [1020, 1332, 1392, 1414, 1482, 1489, 2862, 3547, 3746, 4076, 4426], 'multiple': [1021, 3028, 3793], 'analyzing': [1027], 'products.': [1030, 2776], 'undemanding': [1034], 'participants,': [1036], 'requiring': [1037, 2017], 'only': [1038, 4581], 'Nonetheless,': [1048], 'key': [1049], 'probed': [1053, 3792, 4905], 'including': [1057, 4881], 'pentose': [1059, 1089, 1127, 1907, 2430, 3324, 3389, 4981], 'phosphate': [1060, 1090, 1128, 1908, 2431, 3325, 4962, 4982], 'pathway': [1061, 1129, 3326, 4983], '(PPP),': [1062], 'FA': [1063, 2789], 'esterification,': [1064, 1088, 1906, 2429, 2790], 'gluconeogenesis,': [1065, 2511, 3280], 'biosynthetic': [1068], 'functions': [1069, 4197], '(9.Jin': [1070, 1888, 2411], 'Sherry': [1072, 1120, 1890, 2047, 2413, 2507, 3317, 3537], 'A.D.': [1073, 1121, 1891, 2048, 2414, 2508, 3318, 3538], 'An': [1076, 1605, 1894, 2417, 3541, 3649], '[13C3]glycerol': [1080, 1898, 2421], 'detect': [1085, 1903, 2426], 'pathway,': [1091, 1909, 2432, 3386], 'liver.J.': [1102, 1136, 1920, 2443, 3333], 'Biol.': [1103, 1137, 1921, 2444, 3334], 'Chem.': [1104, 1138, 1922, 2445, 3335], '2016;': [1105, 1923, 2446], '291:': [1106, 1924, 2447], '19031-19041Abstract': [1107, 1925, 2448], '(15)': [1115, 1933, 2456], '10.Jin': [1118], 'Interaction': [1124, 3321], 'between': [1125, 2721, 2740, 2866, 2919, 3141, 3231, 3322, 3446, 3601, 3614, 3759, 4087, 4112, 4154, 4383, 4630], '289:': [1140, 3337], '32593-32603Abstract': [1141, 3338], '(28)': [1149, 3346], '11.Neeland': [1152], 'I.J.': [1153], 'Hughes': [1154], 'C.': [1155], 'Ayers': [1156], 'Jin': [1160], 'Effects': [1162], 'visceral': [1164], 'adiposity': [1165], 'gluconeogenesis.Metabolism.': [1170], '2017;': [1171], '67:': [1172], '80-89Abstract': [1173], '(32)': [1181], 'all': [1188, 3047, 3296], 'relevant': [1189, 4912], 'many': [1193, 4914], 'other': [1194, 2656, 4368, 4412, 4452], 'diseases;': [1196], 'applied': [1203], 'disease.': [1208], 'administered': [1211], 'range': [1218], 'some': [1222], 'steatosis,': [1225], 'proton': [1228], 'spectroscopy': [1231, 4975], '(1H': [1232], 'MRS).': [1233], 'We': [1234, 1273, 3791], 'who': [1240], 'divided': [1242, 1558], 'into': [1243, 2323, 3858, 4106], 'two': [1244, 2308, 2482, 2584, 2741, 3233, 3448, 4089], 'groups': [1245, 2487, 2540, 2553, 2726, 2921, 3143, 3234, 3449, 3627, 3659, 4090, 4635], 'according': [1246], 'content;': [1249], '(≤': [1251], '5.0%)': [1252], 'versus': [1253, 3761], 'high': [1254, 3077, 3251, 3287], '(>5.0%)': [1255], 'IHTG.': [1256, 1540], 'All': [1257, 1442, 1936, 2083, 2757], 'both': [1260, 1318, 2132, 3145, 3218, 3626, 3658, 3749, 3768, 3871], 'deuterium': [1263, 3470], 'oxide': [1264], '(2H2O)': [1265], 'alterations': [1269], 'found': [1274, 4209], 'incorporation': [1291, 2320, 2796, 3853], 'triglycerides,': [1293, 3055], 'slower': [1299, 3697, 4510, 4822], 'adjustment': [1300, 4823], 'after': [1304, 1491, 1674, 2903, 3083, 3475, 3815, 4068, 4095, 4270, 4326, 4476, 4492, 4827, 4859], 'Hepatic': [1310], 'glycerol,': [1313, 3485], 'important': [1315, 4301], 'substrate': [1316, 4302, 4385], 'lipogenesis,': [1321], 'significantly': [1323, 4062], 'altered': [1324, 3461, 3895, 4848, 4878], 'approved': [1334], 'Institutional': [1337], 'Review': [1338], 'Board': [1339], 'University': [1342, 1511], 'Texas': [1344, 1513], 'Southwestern': [1345], 'Medical': [1346, 1828], 'Center.': [1347], 'Each': [1348], 'participant': [1349], 'written': [1351], 'informed': [1352], 'consent': [1353], 'participation': [1356], 'accordance': [1358], 'Declaration': [1361], 'Helsinki.': [1363], 'Sixteen': [1364], '(ages,': [1366], '22–59': [1367], 'years;': [1368], 'BMI,': [1369], '27–44': [1370], 'kg/m2;': [1371], '2': [1372, 1379], 'males': [1373], '14': [1375], 'females;': [1376], '11': [1377], 'Caucasians,': [1378], 'African': [1380], 'Americans,': [1381], '3': [1383, 1821, 1955, 2124, 4959], 'mixed)': [1384], 'completed': [1385], 'study.': [1387], 'characteristics': [1389, 1671], 'presented': [1395], 'Table': [1397], '1.': [1398], 'Ten': [1399], 'female': [1400], 'participants': [1401, 1522], 'premenopausal': [1403], 'follicular': [1406], 'phase': [1407, 3383, 3395], 'menstrual': [1410], 'day,': [1415], 'remaining': [1418], 'four': [1419], 'postmenopausal.': [1421], 'Subjects': [1422, 1628], 'any': [1424, 3164], 'illness': [1426], 'medication': [1430], 'aside': [1431], 'occasional': [1433], 'antihistamines,': [1434], 'aspirin,': [1435], 'nonsteroidal': [1437], 'antiinflammatory': [1438], 'drugs': [1439], 'excluded.': [1441], 'had': [1444, 3628, 3713, 4164, 4869], 'meal': [1446], '(700': [1447], 'cal;': [1448], 'protein,': [1450], '40%': [1454, 3947], 'carbohydrates)': [1455], '6:30': [1457], 'PM,': [1458, 1463], 'started': [1459], 'fasting': [1460], '7:00': [1462], 'first': [1467], 'dose': [1468, 1519, 1548, 1576], '(70%)': [1471], 'orally': [1472, 2763], '9:00': [1474], 'PM': [1475], 'day': [1478, 1490], 'day.': [1483], 'At': [1484], '7:45': [1485], 'AM': [1486, 1534, 1645], 'overnight': [1493, 1676], 'fast,': [1494], 'admitted': [1497], 'Advanced': [1500], 'Imaging': [1501], 'Research': [1502], 'Center': [1503], 'located': [1504], 'North': [1507], 'Campus': [1508], 'Southwestern.': [1514], 'After': [1515, 1541, 2777, 3014], 'receiving': [1516], 'second': [1518], '2H2O,': [1521, 1571], 'directed': [1524], '3T': [1527], '(MR)': [1530], 'scanner': [1531], '8:30': [1533], 'MRS': [1537, 1814], 'measure': [1539, 2492], 'scan,': [1543], 'they': [1544], 'third': [1547], '2H2O.': [1550, 3821, 4865], 'three': [1552], 'doses': [1553], 'equally': [1557], 'minimize': [1560], 'disequilibrium': [1561], 'vertigo': [1563], 'association': [1566], 'rapid': [1568, 3001, 3831], 'ingestion': [1569, 2904], 'total': [1574, 3949], '5': [1578], 'g/kg': [1579], 'body': [1580, 1586, 1593, 1603, 1633, 4049], 'water': [1581, 1642], '(calculated': [1582], '60%': [1584], 'weight': [1587, 1594, 1696], '50%': [1591], 'women)': [1596], 'target': [1599], '0.5%': [1601], 'water.': [1604], 'intravenous': [1606], 'catheter': [1607], 'positioned': [1609], 'antecubital': [1612], 'vein,': [1613], '(10': [1616], 'ml)': [1617], 'drawn': [1619], 'chemistry': [1621], 'baseline': [1623], '(t': [1624, 1646], '=': [1625, 1647, 1680, 1684, 2991], '−10': [1626], 'min).': [1627], 'ingested': [1629], '(50': [1631], 'mg/kg': [1632], 'weight;': [1634], '50%;': [1635], 'Sigma,': [1636], 'St.': [1637], 'Louis,': [1638], 'MO)': [1639], 'dissolved': [1640], '9:30': [1644], '0),': [1648], 'draws': [1655, 2770], '(30': [1656], 'ml': [1657], 'each)': [1658], '30,': [1660], '60,': [1661], '90,': [1662], '120,': [1663], '180,': [1664], '240': [1666, 4093], 'min.TABLE': [1667], '1Clinical': [1668], 'fastCharacteristicsLow': [1677], '(n': [1679, 1683], '8)High': [1681], '8)PIHTG': [1685], '(%)1.8': [1686], '±': [1687, 1689, 1692, 1694, 1698, 1700, 1703, 1705, 1709, 1711, 1715, 1717, 1723, 1725, 1727, 1729, 1732, 1734, 1738, 1740, 1743, 1745, 1748, 1750, 1753, 1755, 1758, 1760, 1763, 1765, 1768, 1770, 1774, 1798, 2717, 2987], '0.411.1': [1688], '2.0<0.001Male/female1/71/7Age': [1690], '(year)40': [1691], '446': [1693], '40.363Body': [1695], '(kg)88.0': [1697], '5.391.3': [1699], '5.10.659BMI': [1701], '(kg/m2)31.7': [1702], '1.834.4': [1704], '1.40.274Hip': [1706], 'circumference': [1707, 1713], '(cm)109.4': [1708], '4.0113.7': [1710], '5.20.485Waist': [1712], '(cm)101.1': [1714], '3.7106.5': [1716], '5.00.245Blood': [1718], 'testPartial': [1719], 'thromboplastin': [1720], 'time': [1721, 1993, 2731, 2965, 2971, 3135, 3153, 3245, 3298, 3624, 3872, 4039, 4223], '(s)29.4': [1722], '0.827.1': [1724], '0.60.042INR1.00': [1726], '0.000.98': [1728], '0.020.149HgbA1c': [1730], '(%)5.5': [1731], '0.15.6': [1733], '0.10.609Total': [1735], 'cholesterol': [1736], '(mmol/l)4.7': [1737], '0.45.3': [1739], '0.20.248HDL-cholesterol': [1741], '(mmol/l)1.3': [1742], '0.11.4': [1744], '0.10.556LDL-cholesterol': [1746], '(mmol/l)3.0': [1747], '0.33.3': [1749], '0.20.449AST': [1751], '(U/l)17': [1752], '217': [1754], '20.791ALT': [1756], '(U/l)19': [1757], '720': [1759], '30.974GGT': [1761], '(U/l)22': [1762], '619': [1764], '20.603Insulin': [1766], '(μU/ml)17.3': [1767], '7.39.14': [1769], '3.80.607Values': [1771], 'mean': [1773, 1797, 2716], 'SE.': [1775, 1799], 'ALT,': [1776, 1800], 'alanine': [1777, 1801], 'aminotransferase;': [1778, 1781, 1802, 1805], 'AST,': [1779, 1803], 'aspartate': [1780, 1804], 'GGT,': [1782, 1806], 'γ-glutamyl': [1783, 1807], 'transferase;': [1784, 1808], 'INR,': [1785, 1809], 'international': [1786, 1810], 'normalized': [1787, 1811], 'ratio.': [1788, 1812], 'Open': [1789], 'table': [1790], 'new': [1793], 'tab': [1794], 'Values': [1795], 'performed': [1818, 2004, 2661], 'T': [1822, 1946, 2265, 2283, 2303, 2313], 'Achieva': [1823], 'whole-body': [1824], 'MR': [1825], 'system': [1826], '(Philips': [1827], 'Systems)': [1829], 'described': [1831, 1886, 2039], 'previously': [1832, 1887, 2040], '(8.Jin': [1833], 'Plasma': [1869, 3068], 'extracted': [1872], 'derivatized': [1877], 'monoacetone': [1879, 4969], '(MAG)': [1881], 'acquisition': [1884, 1992], 'spectra': [1938, 1970, 2033, 2085], 'collected': [1940, 1974, 2037], 'Varian': [1943], 'INOVA': [1944], '14.1': [1945], 'spectrometer': [1947], '(Agilent,': [1948], 'Santa': [1949], 'Clara,': [1950], 'CA)': [1951], 'equipped': [1952], 'mm': [1956], 'broadband': [1957], 'probe': [1958], 'observe': [1961, 4320], 'coil': [1962], 'tuned': [1963], '(150': [1966], 'MHz).': [1967], '60°': [1977], 'pulse,': [1978], 'sweep': [1980], 'width': [1981], '36,765': [1983], 'Hz,': [1984], '110,294': [1985], 'data': [1986, 2744, 2996, 3453], 'points,': [1987], '1.5': [1990, 1995], 's': [1991, 1996], 'interpulse': [1997], 'delay': [1998, 3869, 4612], '25°C.': [2000], 'Proton': [2001], 'decoupling': [2002], 'standard': [2007, 2718], 'WALTZ-16': [2008], 'pulse': [2009], 'sequence.': [2010], 'Spectra': [2011], 'averaged': [2013], '∼23,000': [2015], 'scans': [2016], '20': [2018], 'h.': [2019], 'solvent': [2021], '(CDCl3)': [2022], 'set': [2025], '77.2': [2027], 'ppm.': [2028], '2H': [2031, 3543, 3568, 3587, 3599, 3612, 3809, 3857, 4523], 'MAG': [2035, 2477], '(12.Jin': [2041], 'Merritt': [2045, 2501], 'Differing': [2051], 'mechanisms': [2052], 'overproduction': [2056], 'triiodothyronine-treated': [2058], 'rats': [2059, 2064], 'vs.': [2060], 'Zucker': [2061], 'diabetic': [2062, 4789], 'glucose.Am.': [2070], 'J.': [2071, 3499, 3556, 4392, 4414], 'Physiol.': [2072, 3557, 4393, 4415], '2005;': [2075], '288:': [2076], 'E654-E662Crossref': [2077], '(36)': [2080], 'analyzed': [2087, 2845], 'ACD/Labs': [2090], 'spectral': [2092], 'program': [2094], '(Advanced': [2095], 'Chemistry': [2096], 'Development,': [2097], 'Inc.,': [2098], 'Toronto,': [2099], 'Canada).': [2100], 'extracts': [2107], '(Fig.': [2108, 2232, 2888, 2907, 2922, 2929, 2968, 3049, 3087, 3117, 3136, 3191, 3235, 3300, 3396, 3450, 3646, 4098, 4126, 4177, 4184, 4234, 4246, 4355, 4545, 4574, 4591], '1),': [2109], 'doublet': [2111, 2244, 4960], '(D)': [2112], 'signal': [2113, 2572, 3208, 3588, 3600, 3613], '(TG-glycerol)': [2120], 'carbons': [2121, 2550, 3198], '1': [2122, 4957], '(C1': [2125], 'C3)': [2127], '62.2': [2129], 'ppm': [2130, 2231, 2579], 'reflects': [2131, 2151, 2606], 'double-labeled': [2133, 2258, 2812, 3056, 3171, 4308, 4997], '(●●○': [2134], '○●●': [2136], '[1,2-13C2]': [2137, 3368], '[2,3-13C2],': [2139, 3173], 'respectively)': [2140], 'triple-labeled': [2142, 2256, 2394, 3038, 4278, 5002], '(●●●': [2143], '[U-13C3])': [2144], 'backbones,': [2146], 'whereas': [2147, 2373, 2801], 'singlet': [2149, 2180, 2241, 4984], '(S)': [2150], 'single-labeled': [2152, 2193], 'natural': [2156, 2182, 2555, 2604], 'abundant': [2157, 2183, 2556], '(1.1%;': [2159], '●○○,': [2160], '○○●': [2161], '([1-13C1]': [2162], '[3-13C1],': [2164], 'respectively).': [2165], 'enrichment': [2168, 2217, 2562, 2609, 2615, 2623, 2645, 2891, 3091, 3108, 3220, 3803, 3876, 4557, 4563], 'TG-glycerol': [2170, 2219, 2227, 2251, 2368, 2839, 2926, 3812], '(percent)': [2171, 2894, 3094, 3221], 'calculated': [2173, 2295, 2370, 2566, 2639, 2947], 'assuming': [2175], 'area': [2177, 2300], 'under': [2178, 3913, 4791], 'due': [2185], 'probability': [2189], 'forming': [2191], '[U-13C3]glycerol.': [2196, 3360, 4073, 4330], 'absolute': [2198, 2911, 3129], 'concentration': [2199, 2632, 2874, 2913, 2974, 3130, 3224, 3240, 4080, 4551], 'containing': [2202, 4993], '(TG-[13C]glycerol)': [2206, 3928], 'multiplying': [2212, 2641], 'fraction': [2214, 2643, 3267, 3917, 4118, 4212], 'concentration.': [2222, 2649], 'C2': [2228, 2272, 2927], '69.1': [2230], '2),': [2233], 'five': [2234], 'components': [2236], 'made': [2238, 2733, 2746], '(S),': [2242], '(D),': [2245], 'triplet': [2248, 4985], '(T).': [2249], 'Unlike': [2250, 3730], 'C1': [2252, 2840, 3379], 'C3': [2254], 'resonance,': [2255], 'distinguished': [2262], '(1:2:1)': [2266], 'D': [2269, 2315, 2571], '(1:1)': [2270], 'resonance.': [2273], 'S': [2276, 2483, 2585], 'middle': [2279, 2298], 'peak': [2280, 2299, 2310, 2973, 3107, 3874], 'overlapped': [2285], '(S+T),': [2286], 'portion': [2289], 'each': [2291, 2625, 2964, 3623, 3632], 'component': [2292], 'because': [2296, 2393, 4642], 'equals': [2304], 'sum': [2306, 2582, 2620], 'lateral': [2309], 'areas.': [2311], 'provide': [2316, 3025], 'direct': [2327, 2375, 2409, 2461, 2795], '[glycerol': [2328, 2337], '→': [2329, 2333, 2338, 2340, 2343, 2346, 2348, 2351, 2353, 2356, 2358, 3661, 3672], '3-phosphate': [2331, 4964, 4966], '(G3P)': [2332], 'TG-glycerol]': [2334, 2359], 'indirect': [2336, 2363, 2381, 2949, 4214, 4253], 'G3P': [2339, 2357], 'triose': [2341, 2354], 'pool': [2342, 2355, 3168, 3933, 4027], 'phosphoenolpyruvate': [2344, 4980], '(PEP)': [2345], 'pyruvate': [2347], 'PEP': [2352], 'pathways,': [2360], 'respectively.': [2361], 'contribution': [2364, 2376, 2382, 2410, 2462, 2950, 3582, 3594, 3607, 3656, 3689, 3717, 3736, 3763, 3776, 3785, 4215, 4254, 4323, 4338, 4347, 4442, 4459, 4475], 'D/(D+T),': [2372], 'T/(D+T).': [2379], 'reported': [2383, 2406, 4361], 'present': [2386, 3887, 4075, 4425, 4819, 4908], 'work': [2387, 3888, 3943, 4909], 'detection': [2391], 'limit': [2392], '(TG-[13C3]glycerol)': [2399], 'produced': [2400, 3355, 3372, 3427], 'Consequently,': [2459], 'based': [2463, 3308, 4174, 4521], 'appearance': [2466], 'TG-[13C3]glycerol': [2468], 'could': [2469, 4832], 'overestimated.': [2471], 'derived': [2478, 4259, 4280], 'glucose,': [2481, 3042, 3262, 4526], 'resonances': [2484, 2589], 'methyl': [2486, 2539, 2588], 'internal': [2489], 'references': [2490], '(13.Jin': [2497], 'Jones': [2499], 'J.G.': [2500, 3532], 'Glucose': [2509, 2689], 'production,': [2510, 4448], 'nuclear': [2520], 'single': [2526], 'derivative.Anal.': [2528], 'Biochem.': [2529], '327:': [2531], '149-155Crossref': [2532], '(91)': [2535], 'added': [2542], 'during': [2543, 2860], 'conversion': [2545], 'MAG,': [2547], '13C.': [2557, 2630], 'As': [2558, 3349, 4019, 4653], 'example,': [2560, 4277], '[5,6-13C2]glucose': [2564, 3179, 3210, 3227, 4183], 'ratio': [2569, 2599, 2939, 3258, 3414], '(D56)': [2576], '70.8': [2578], 'over': [2580, 2602, 2730, 3134, 3953, 4036, 4054, 4222], 'areas': [2586], '(2Smethyl;': [2590], '26.1': [2591], '26.7': [2593], 'ppm).': [2594], 'Any': [2595], 'increase': [2596, 4250, 4472], 'D56/2Smethyl': [2601], 'abundance': [2605], 'excess': [2607, 2629, 4872], '[5,6-13C2]glucose.': [2611], 'overall': [2613], 'individual': [2622], 'isotopomer': [2627], 'Cholesterol,': [2650], 'hemoglobin': [2651], 'A1c': [2652], '(HgbA1c),': [2653], 'transaminases,': [2654], 'routine': [2657], 'tests': [2659], 'commercial': [2664, 2709], 'laboratory': [2665], '(Quest': [2666], 'Diagnostics).': [2667], 'FFAs': [2668, 2857], 'Vitros': [2675], '250': [2676], 'analyzers': [2677], '(Johnson': [2678], 'Johnson),': [2680], 'oxidase': [2686], '(YSI': [2687], '2300': [2688], 'Analyzer;': [2690], 'GMI,': [2691], 'Inc),': [2692], 'ELISA': [2698], 'kit': [2699, 2710], '(Millipore': [2700], 'Co.),': [2701], 'free': [2703], '(Sigma).': [2711], 'Data': [2712], 'expressed': [2714], 'error.': [2719], 'Comparisons': [2720, 2739], 'low-': [2723, 2868, 4156, 4632], 'high-IHTG': [2725, 2870, 2881, 2901, 2944, 2961, 2983, 3099, 3679, 3694, 3722, 4145, 4158, 4634], 'repeated': [2728], 'measurements': [2729, 3443], 'two-way': [2735], 'ANOVA': [2736], 'replication.': [2738], 'sets': [2742], 'one-way': [2748], 'ANOVA,': [2749, 3756], 'where': [2750], 'P': [2751, 4179], '<': [2752, 4180], '0.05': [2753], 'considered': [2755], 'significant.': [2756], 'phosphorylation': [2778], 'kinase': [2781], 'used': [2787], 'resulting': [2791], 'TG-[13C]glycerol.': [2793], 'produces': [2799, 2811, 3037, 4296], 'TG-[13C3]glycerol,': [2800], '(TG-[13C2]glycerol).': [2815], 'encoded': [2819], 'newly': [2821], 'esterified': [2822], 'secreted': [2824], 'available': [2829], 'circulating': [2831], 'plasma.': [2832], 'Fig.': [2833, 2993, 3577], '1A': [2834], 'shows': [2835], 'C3,': [2842], 'which': [2843, 3043, 3681, 4298, 4576], 'backbones.': [2852], 'concentrations': [2854, 4590], 'period': [2863, 3747], 'similar': [2865, 3148, 3629], 'groups,': [2871, 3769], 'group': [2882, 2887, 2902, 2962, 2984, 3082, 3100, 3116, 3291, 3669, 3695, 3712, 3723, 4163, 4604], 'compared': [2883, 3078, 3112, 3252, 3288, 3704], '1B–D).': [2889], 'TG-[13C]glycerol': [2893, 2915, 4061, 4083, 4121], '1E);': [2908], 'did': [2916, 3157, 4109], 'differ': [2918, 4111], '1F).': [2923, 4099], 'region': [2928], '2A),': [2930], 'easy': [2933], 'appreciate': [2935], 'D/T': [2938], 'group.': [2945, 3256, 3708, 4146], 'Indeed,': [2946], 'fractional': [2948, 4365, 4441], '∼3–4%': [2958], 'point': [2966, 3246], 'evaluated': [2967], '2B).': [2969, 4247], '(tmax)': [2975], 'TG-[13C2]glycerol': [2977, 4176], 'faster': [2980], '65': [2986], '12': [2988], 'min': [2989, 3152, 3244, 3665, 3676, 4094, 4566], '(P': [2990], '0.002;': [2992], '2C).': [2994], 'indicate': [2997, 3454], 'shunting': [3002], 'those': [3010, 3861], 'liver.': [3013, 3032, 4500], 'administration': [3016, 3477, 4097], 'labeling': [3020], 'patterns': [3021, 3195], 'Gluconeogenesis': [3033], '([1,2,3-13C3]': [3039], '[4,5,6-13C3])': [3041], 'dominant': [3045], '3A).': [3050], 'Similarly,': [3051], 'noted': [3053], 'isotopomers': [3058], 'reflect': [3059], 'mitochondria.': [3067], 'modestly,': [3071], 'significantly,': [3073], 'low-IHTG': [3081, 3115, 3255, 3290, 3668, 3707, 3711], '3B).': [3088, 4592], 'up': [3102, 4091], '60': [3104, 3151, 3664, 3719], 'min,': [3105, 3720], '3C).': [3118], 'A': [3119, 4593], 'similar,': [3120], 'striking,': [3123], 'pattern': [3124, 4230, 4239], '13C-enriched': [3132], '3D).': [3137], 'Given': [3138], 'measures': [3146], 'beyond': [3149], 'point,': [3154, 3625], 'finding': [3156], 'appear': [3159], 'related': [3162], 'differences': [3165, 4626], 'size.': [3169], 'Among': [3170], '([1,2-13C2],': [3172], '[4,5-13C2],': [3174], '[5,6-13C2])': [3176], 'isotopomers,': [3178], 'useful': [3182], 'marker': [3183], '4A).': [3192], '13C-labeling': [3194, 4229, 4238], '4–6': [3199], 'independent': [3201], 'PPP': [3204, 3305, 3314, 3417, 3430, 3433, 3457], 'activity,': [3205], '[4,5-13C2]glucose.': [3216], 'Overall': [3217], '(μmol/l)': [3225], 'different': [3230, 3445, 4086], '4B,': [3236], 'C).': [3237, 3648], '120': [3243, 3675, 3728], '[5,6-13C2]/[4,5,6-13C3]': [3260], 'reflection': [3264], 'passed': [3271], 'utilization': [3278, 3880, 4883], 'tended': [3281], 'without': [3292], 'statistical': [3293], 'significance': [3294], 'postload': [3297], 'points': [3299], '4D).': [3301], 'Assessment': [3302], '[1,2-13C2]glucose': [3310, 3426], '(10.Jin': [3315], 'noted,': [3350], '[1,2,3-13C3]': [3351, 3362], '[4,5,6-13C3]hexose': [3353, 3364, 3370], 'When': [3361, 3751, 3850], 'enter': [3365], 'PPP,': [3367], 'result': [3375], 'decarboxylation': [3377], 'carbon': [3390, 4956, 4958], 'rearrangement': [3391], 'nonoxidative': [3394], '5A).': [3397], 'leads': [3399], 'difference': [3402, 3597, 3610, 4586], 'ratios': [3405], '[1,2-13C2]/[2,3-13C2]': [3407], '[5,6-13C2]/[4,5-13C2]': [3409], 'glucose.': [3411, 4559], 'Using': [3412], 'difference,': [3415], 'reflected': [3421, 3584], 'amount': [3424], '([1,2-13C2]glucosePPP)': [3431], 'flux': [3434, 3553], 'relative': [3435, 3481, 3620], '(PPP/gluconeogenesis).': [3438], 'none': [3440], 'these': [3442, 3903, 4867], '5B–D).': [3451], 'subclinical': [3465, 4713, 4870], 'NAFLD.': [3466, 4205, 4843], 'distribution': [3468, 3805, 3847], '(2H)': [3471], 'sensitive': [3479, 3930], 'contributions': [3482, 3621, 3630, 4366, 4507], 'glycogen,': [3484, 3641], 'precursors': [3487, 4370], 'originating': [3488], '(14.Landau': [3496], 'B.R.': [3497], 'Wahren': [3498], 'Chandramouli': [3500], 'V.': [3501], 'Schumann': [3502], 'W.C.': [3503], 'Ekberg': [3504], 'Kalhan': [3506], 'Use': [3508], 'estimating': [3512], 'gluconeogenesis.': [3515, 3885], 'Application': [3516], 'fasted': [3519], 'state.J.': [3520], 'Invest.': [3522], '1995;': [3523], '95:': [3524], '172-178Crossref': [3525], '(180)': [3528], '15.Jones': [3531], 'Solomon': [3533], 'Cole': [3535], 'integrated': [3542], 'humans.Am.': [3555, 4391], '2001;': [3560], '281:': [3561], 'E848-E856Crossref': [3562], 'derivative': [3574], '6A,': [3578], 'H6s': [3591], 'position,': [3592], 'glycogen': [3593, 3733, 3762, 3775, 4343, 4461, 4506], 'H2': [3602], 'H5,': [3604], 'H5': [3615], 'H6s.': [3617], 'comparing': [3619], 'source;': [3633], '41–48%': [3634], '35–45%': [3639], '13–23%': [3643], '6B,': [3647], 'temporarily': [3653], '(13%': [3660], '23%': [3662], '15%': [3671], '22%': [3673], 'group),': [3680], 'accompanied': [3683, 4340], 'decrease': [3686, 4363], 'glycogen.': [3691], 'Interestingly,': [3692], 'responding': [3699], 'Whereas': [3709], 'maximum': [3715, 3726], 'reached': [3724], 'min.': [3729], 'contributions,': [3734], 'remained': [3741, 4352], 'relatively': [3742, 4065, 4353], 'constant': [3743], 'throughout': [3744], 'groups.': [3750, 4114, 4159], 'examined': [3752], 'two-factor': [3754], 'repeated-measures': [3755], 'interaction': [3758], 'highly': [3765, 4911], 'significant': [3766], 'indicating': [3770], 'changes': [3773, 3782], 'dependent': [3779], 'production.': [3790, 4189], 'administrations': [3817], 'Subclinical': [3822], 'TG-glycerol.': [3849], 'examining': [3851], 'marked': [3868], 'onset': [3878], 'exogenous': [3882], 'demonstrates': [3889, 4191], 'coexists': [3893], 'derangements': [3905], 'probes': [3912], 'non-steady-state': [3914], 'conditions.': [3915], '[13C]glycerol': [3924], 'size': [3934], 'metabolically': [3936, 4034, 4137], 'active': [3937, 4035, 4138], 'body.': [3941], 'Earlier': [3942], 'indicated': [3944], 'turn': [3952, 4053], 'quickly': [3954], '(16.Farquhar': [3955], 'J.W.': [3956, 3997], 'Gross': [3957], 'R.C.': [3958, 3993], 'Wagner': [3959], 'R.M.': [3960], 'Reaven': [3961], 'G.M.': [3962], 'Validation': [3963], 'incompletely': [3966], 'coupled': [3967], 'two-compartment': [3968], 'nonrecycling': [3969], 'catenary': [3970], 'model': [3971], 'turnover': [3973, 4000], 'man.J.': [3980], 'Lipid': [3981, 4008], 'Res.': [3982, 4009], '1965;': [3983], '6:': [3984], '119-134Abstract': [3985], '17.Gross': [3992], 'Eigenbrodt': [3994], 'E.H.': [3995], 'Farquhar': [3996], 'Endogenous': [3998], 'dog.J.': [4007], '1967;': [4010], '8:': [4011], '114-125Abstract': [4012], 'approximation,': [4022], 'consider': [4024], 'plus': [4030], 'short': [4038, 4066], 'scale': [4040], '(minutes': [4041], 'hours)': [4043], 'remainder': [4047], 'do': [4051, 4058], 'rapidly': [4055], 'therefore': [4057], 'dilute': [4060], 'duration': [4067], 'implies': [4101], 'rate': [4105], 'circulation': [4108], 'Thus,': [4115], '1E)': [4127], 'should': [4128, 4932], 'consequence': [4131], 'isotopic': [4134], 'dilution': [4135], 'Glycerol': [4147], 'differed': [4153], 'fractions': [4166], '2B;': [4178], '0.001)': [4181], '4C,': [4185], 'D;': [4186], 'significant)': [4188], 'alteration': [4193], 'normal': [4195], 'occurs': [4198], 'manifestations': [4203], 'Unexpectedly': [4206], 'linearly': [4221], 'detected': [4225], 'either': [4227], '4D)': [4235], 'steady': [4249], 'indicates': [4255], 'metabolites': [4258], 'entering': [4263], 'biosynthesis,': [4268], 'even': [4269, 4703], 'absorbed.': [4275], 'For': [4276], 'tracer': [4283], 'utilized': [4286], 'muscles': [4288, 4295, 4787], 'circulation.': [4291], 'Subsequent': [4292], 'glycolysis': [4293], '[U-13C3]lactate,': [4297], 'gluconeogenic': [4305, 4369, 4384, 4437, 4851], 'processes,': [4306, 4880], 'producing': [4307], 'triglycerides.': [4314], 'surprising': [4318], 'interesting': [4334, 4483], 'decreased': [4342, 4466], 'contribution,': [4344], 'while': [4345, 4449], 'unchanged': [4354], '6).': [4356], 'Previously,': [4357], 'supply': [4359, 4386, 4434], 'amino': [4373], 'acids': [4374], '(18.Jahoor': [4375], 'Peters': [4377], 'Wolfe': [4379], 'R.R.': [4380], 'relationship': [4382], '1990;': [4394], '258:': [4395], 'E288-E296PubMed': [4396], '19.Steele': [4399], 'Winkler': [4401], 'B.': [4402], 'Altszuler': [4403], 'Inhibition': [4405], 'infused': [4407], 'gluconeo-genesis': [4410], 'precursors.Am.': [4413], '1971;': [4416], '221:': [4417], '883-888Crossref': [4418], '(42)': [4421], 'concept': [4429], 'autoregulation:': [4432], 'precursor': [4438, 4445], 'increases': [4439], 'suppresses': [4451], 'contributions.': [4453], 'concordance': [4468], 'transient': [4471], 'Another': [4482], 'observation': [4484], 'response': [4488, 4596, 4897], 'among': [4496, 4704, 4710, 4732], 'responses': [4502], 'much': [4509, 4568], 'suggesting': [4516], 'inflexibility.': [4518], 'observations,': [4520], 'confirmed': [4528], 'initial,': [4535], '3C,': [4546], 'D).': [4547], 'High': [4548], 'contribute': [4553], '30': [4565], '3C),': [4575], 'cannot': [4577], 'fully': [4579], 'explained': [4580], 'very': [4584], 'small': [4585], 'obvious,': [4606], 'no': [4610], 'corresponding': [4611], 'synthesis.': [4615], 'Aside': [4616], 'few': [4625], 'parameters': [4629], '(Table': [4636], '1).': [4637], 'similarities': [4639], 'anticipated': [4641], 'selected': [4645], 'overt': [4650], 'disorders.': [4652], 'others': [4654], '(2.Browning': [4657], 'Scholar),': [4695], 'continuum': [4699], 'fat': [4701, 4781], 'burden': [4702], 'asymptomatic': [4705], 'individuals.': [4706], 'current': [4708, 4923], 'observations': [4709, 4731], 'inflexibility': [4726, 4838], 'consistent': [4728, 4749], 'earlier': [4730], 'typical': [4735], 'insulin-resistant': [4736], 'obesity.': [4740], 'feature': [4753], 'resistance,': [4757], 'cycle.': [4765], 'terms': [4767], '“metabolic': [4769], 'inflexibility”': [4770], 'describe': [4774], 'impaired': [4776], 'ability': [4777], 'switch': [4779], 'skeletal': [4786, 4802], 'insulin-stimulated': [4792], 'conditions': [4793], '(20.Kelley': [4794], 'D.E.': [4795], 'Mandarino': [4796], 'L.J.': [4797], 'Fuel': [4798], 'selection': [4799], 'muscle': [4803], 'resistance:': [4806], 'reexamination.Diabetes.': [4808], '2000;': [4809], '677-683Crossref': [4811], '(762)': [4814], 'study,': [4820], 'lipogenic': [4849], 'loads': [4861], 'NAFLD,': [4871], 'intersecting': [4886], 'carbohydrate': [4894], 'load.': [4901], 'Because': [4902], 'forms': [4915], 'diseases,': [4918], 'further': [4919], 'application': [4920], 'advanced': [4927], 'intervention': [4931], 'considered.': [4934], 'authors': [4936], 'thank': [4937], 'Kelly': [4938], 'Derner,': [4939], 'Lucy': [4940], 'Christie,': [4941], 'Maida': [4942], 'Tai,': [4943], 'Carol': [4944], 'Parcel,': [4945], 'Jeannie': [4946], 'Baxter,': [4947], 'Janet': [4948], 'Jerrow,': [4949], 'Rani': [4951], 'Varghese': [4952], 'technical': [4954], 'support.': [4955], 'dihydroxyacetone': [4961], 'glyceraldehyde': [4965]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2883494175', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-27T14:20:03.897294', 'created_date': '2018-08-03'}
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