Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2767796825', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Confidence without Competence in the Evaluation of Scientific Claims', 'display_name': 'Confidence without Competence in the Evaluation of Scientific Claims', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2767796825', 'mag': '2767796825'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://escholarship.org/content/qt1rg673m5/qt1rg673m5.pdf?t=op2jf4', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306523994', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080549981', 'display_name': 'Andrew Shtulman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-3099'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew Shtulman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5080549981'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 64}, 'biblio': {'volume': '32', 'issue': '32', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12887', 'display_name': 'Educational Strategies and Epistemologies', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12887', 'display_name': 'Educational Strategies and Epistemologies', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11715', 'display_name': 'Education and Critical Thinking Development', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10072', 'display_name': 'Science Education and Pedagogy', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable', 'display_name': 'Unobservable', 'score': 0.63661146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-of-science', 'display_name': 'Nature of Science', 'score': 0.44588318}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780695315', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040', 'display_name': 'Unobservable', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63661146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100521375', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382', 'display_name': 'Competence (human resources)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6162342}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5936831}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48515874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775974668', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115', 'display_name': 'Nature of Science', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44588318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780719617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752', 'display_name': 'Salient', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43401122}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195732255', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q981008', 'display_name': 'Sociology of scientific knowledge', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42471653}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44877443', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457', 'display_name': 'Science education', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3671863}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33268294}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26649314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145420912', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077', 'display_name': 'Mathematics education', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.223986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2101934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11422002}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.104441166}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://escholarship.org/content/qt1rg673m5/qt1rg673m5.pdf?t=op2jf4', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306523994', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 13, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1792550766', 'https://openalex.org/W1969253354', 'https://openalex.org/W1983879483', 'https://openalex.org/W2002667770', 'https://openalex.org/W2009295735', 'https://openalex.org/W2016310005', 'https://openalex.org/W2041894816', 'https://openalex.org/W2072435181', 'https://openalex.org/W2085893799', 'https://openalex.org/W2086437402', 'https://openalex.org/W2106536293', 'https://openalex.org/W2119017831', 'https://openalex.org/W2140176804'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3203384996', 'https://openalex.org/W314274294', 'https://openalex.org/W3133544450', 'https://openalex.org/W3081285871', 'https://openalex.org/W2935436597', 'https://openalex.org/W2910619135', 'https://openalex.org/W2767493194', 'https://openalex.org/W2758212537', 'https://openalex.org/W267657273', 'https://openalex.org/W2613294001', 'https://openalex.org/W2605581306', 'https://openalex.org/W2379935383', 'https://openalex.org/W2289241352', 'https://openalex.org/W2114686593', 'https://openalex.org/W1999351647', 'https://openalex.org/W1987616055', 'https://openalex.org/W1867105850', 'https://openalex.org/W1498473425', 'https://openalex.org/W120752976', 'https://openalex.org/W1168397726'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Confidence': [0], 'without': [1], 'Competence': [2], 'in': [3, 72, 267, 289, 358, 383, 456, 531, 549, 554, 594, 606, 656, 716, 767, 811], 'the': [4, 38, 73, 84, 88, 107, 131, 146, 153, 171, 268, 308, 318, 325, 346, 384, 393, 415, 419, 426, 451, 511, 522, 579, 599, 619, 626, 657, 684, 706, 717, 723, 738, 749, 777, 783, 790, 793, 799], 'Evaluation': [5], 'of': [6, 13, 40, 53, 60, 75, 90, 109, 133, 148, 155, 174, 179, 195, 240, 251, 255, 282, 348, 375, 386, 395, 400, 462, 487, 494, 513, 524, 534, 603, 609, 621, 686, 708, 719, 725, 740, 760, 776, 785, 792], 'Scientific': [7, 434], 'Claims': [8], 'Andrew': [9], 'Shtulman': [10], '([email protected])': [11], 'Department': [12], 'Psychology,': [14], 'Occidental': [15], 'College': [16], '1600': [17], 'Campus': [18], 'Rd.,': [19], 'Los': [20], 'Angeles,': [21], 'CA': [22], '91106': [23], 'evidential': [24, 367, 812], 'support': [25, 368, 550], '(e.g.,': [26, 814], 'only': [27, 518, 815], 'scientific': [28, 42, 76, 175, 196, 452, 478, 501, 564, 638, 709, 770, 802, 816], 'explanations': [29, 43, 79, 85, 771, 775, 781, 788, 803, 806, 817], 'are': [30, 44, 48, 55, 205, 566, 681, 745], 'supported': [31], 'by': [32, 277, 340, 475, 538, 628, 635], 'observation': [33, 443], 'and': [34, 62, 77, 92, 99, 111, 124, 152, 248, 312, 404, 431, 438, 444, 496, 515, 526, 601, 625, 680, 804], 'experimentation),': [35], 'yet,': [36], 'from': [37, 177, 307, 506], 'perspective': [39], 'how': [41, 167, 675], 'learned,': [45], 'these': [46], 'criteria': [47], 'not': [49, 114, 206, 543], 'particularly': [50, 765], 'salient.': [51], 'Students': [52], 'science': [54, 91, 110, 241, 588, 596, 604, 658, 720], 'not,': [56], 'after': [57], 'all,': [58], 'practitioners': [59], 'science,': [61, 349], 'it': [63, 164], 'is': [64, 165, 722, 764], 'thus': [65], 'unlikely': [66], 'that': [67, 150, 178, 202, 236, 274, 285, 299, 314, 562, 743], 'most': [68, 203, 448], 'students': [69, 169, 204, 237], 'appreciate': [70], 'differences': [71, 810], 'derivation': [74], 'supernatural': [78, 180, 371, 482, 508, 573, 774, 805], 'when': [80], 'simply': [81], 'presented': [82], 'with': [83, 364, 773], 'themselves.': [86], 'Indeed,': [87], 'products': [89, 347], 'religion': [93, 112], '–': [94, 101, 369], 'i.e.,': [95, 370], 'concepts,': [96], 'theories,': [97, 614], 'explanations,': [98], 'assertions': [100], 'share': [102], 'many': [103], 'commonalities': [104], 'even': [105, 141], 'if': [106], 'practices': [108], 'do': [113, 465], '(McCauley,': [115], '2000).': [116, 231], 'Both': [117, 126], 'provide': [118], 'frameworks': [119], 'for': [120, 615, 731, 782, 789], 'interpreting': [121], 'everyday': [122, 445, 758], 'observations': [123], 'experiences.': [125], 'posit': [127], 'unobservable': [128], 'entities': [129, 149, 158, 435], 'as': [130, 242, 253, 728], 'causes': [132], 'various': [134], 'observable': [135, 747], 'phenomena.': [136], 'And': [137, 666], 'both': [138, 532], 'extend,': [139], 'or': [140, 552, 787, 821], 'defy,': [142], 'early-developing': [143], 'intuitions': [144], 'about': [145], 'kinds': [147, 154], 'exist': [151], 'interactions': [156], 'those': [157, 557, 630], 'engage': [159], 'in.': [160], 'Given': [161], 'such': [162, 210, 466, 700, 726], 'similarities,': [163], 'unclear': [166], 'well': [168], 'differentiate': [170], 'epistemic': [172, 343, 377, 463, 488], 'status': [173], 'claims': [176, 727], 'claims.': [181], 'Although': [182], 'no': [183, 567], 'studies': [184], 'have': [185, 807], 'addressed': [186], 'this': [187, 338, 473], 'question': [188, 474], 'directly,': [189], 'extensive': [190], 'research': [191, 233, 667, 701], 'on': [192, 612, 645, 668, 674, 705, 809], 'students’': [193, 342, 376, 477, 563, 622], 'understanding': [194, 707], 'inquiry': [197], 'provides': [198], 'reason': [199], 'to': [200, 208, 271, 291, 336, 360, 407, 417, 425, 480, 498, 546, 578, 736, 756, 797], 'suppose': [201], 'equipped': [207], 'make': [209], 'a': [211, 278, 607, 734], 'differentiation': [212], '(Lederman,': [213], 'Abd-El-Khalick,': [214], 'Bell,': [215], '&': [216, 223, 229, 663, 690, 696], 'Schwartz,': [217], '2002;': [218], 'Schauble,': [219], 'Glaser,': [220], 'Duschl,': [221], 'Schulze,': [222], 'John,': [224], '1995;': [225], 'Smith,': [226], 'Maclin,': [227], 'Houghton,': [228], 'Hennessey,': [230], 'This': [232, 762], 'has': [234, 597, 617, 648, 671, 702], 'shown': [235], 'typically': [238, 249], 'conceive': [239, 250], 'problem': [243], 'solving,': [244], 'rather': [245, 257, 350], 'than': [246, 258, 294, 303, 351, 571], 'inquiry,': [247, 283], 'experiments': [252, 288], 'means': [254, 399, 493], 'confirming,': [256], 'testing,': [259], 'one’s': [260, 387, 396, 402, 409], 'ideas.': [261], 'Even': [262], 'individuals': [263], 'who': [264, 316], 'hold': [265], 'doctorates': [266], 'humanities': [269], 'tend': [270], 'believe': [272, 455], '(a)': [273], 'scientists': [275, 286, 300, 315], 'abide': [276], 'single,': [279], 'deterministic': [280], 'method': [281], '(b)': [284], 'conduct': [287], 'order': [290], 'prove': [292], '(rather': [293, 302], 'support)': [295], 'their': [296, 305, 457, 481, 507, 539, 544, 572], 'ideas,': [297], '(c)': [298], 'deduce': [301], 'infer)': [304], 'ideas': [306], 'data': [309, 320, 688], 'at': [310, 324, 652], 'hand,': [311], '(d)': [313], 'study': [317, 334, 471], 'same': [319, 326, 778], 'will': [321], 'inevitably': [322], 'arrive': [323], 'conclusions': [327], '(Lederman': [328], 'et': [329], 'al.,': [330], '2002).': [331], 'The': [332, 469], 'present': [333, 470], 'attempted': [335], 'extend': [337], 'literature': [339], 'exploring': [341], 'commitments': [344, 355, 361, 378, 678], 'regarding': [345, 362], 'its': [352], 'methods.': [353], 'These': [354, 559], 'were': [356, 379, 503], 'assessed': [357], 'relation': [359], 'beliefs': [363, 467, 479, 483, 502, 509, 535, 565], 'ostensibly': [365], 'inferior': [366], 'beliefs.': [372, 410, 558], 'Four': [373], 'dimensions': [374, 486, 512, 523], 'measured:': [380], '(1)': [381], 'confidence': [382, 514, 530], 'validity': [385], 'beliefs,': [388, 397, 403, 574], '(2)': [389], 'perceived': [390, 491], 'consensus': [391, 516, 540], 'surrounding': [392], 'endorsement': [394], '(3)': [398], 'justifying': [401], '(4)': [405], 'openness': [406, 497], 'revising': [408], 'Of': [411], 'primary': [412], 'interest': [413], 'was': [414, 423, 536], 'extent': [416], 'which': [418, 629], 'first': [420], 'dimension': [421], '(confidence)': [422], 'related': [424], 'other': [427], 'three': [428], '(consensus,': [429], 'justification,': [430, 495], 'revision).': [432], 'Abstract': [433], 'like': [436, 780], 'X-rays': [437], 'black': [439], 'holes': [440], 'defy': [441], 'firsthand': [442], 'intuition,': [446], 'yet': [447, 711], 'people': [449], 'outside': [450], 'community': [453], 'still': [454], 'existence.': [458], 'Upon': [459], 'what': [460], 'kind': [461], 'foundations': [464], 'rest?': [468], 'explored': [472], 'comparing': [476], 'along': [484, 510, 521], 'four': [485], 'import:': [489], 'confidence,': [490], 'consensus,': [492], 'revision.': [499, 527], 'Participants’': [500], 'strongly': [504], 'differentiated': [505, 520], 'but': [517, 542], 'weakly': [519], 'justification': [525], 'Moreover,': [528], 'participants’': [529], 'types': [533], 'predicted': [537], 'estimates': [541], 'ability': [545], 'cite': [547], 'evidence': [548], 'of,': [551], 'potentially': [553], 'conflict': [555], 'with,': [556], 'findings': [560], 'imply': [561], 'more': [568, 636], 'epistemologically': [569], 'sound': [570], 'despite': [575], 'self': [576], 'perceptions': [577], 'contrary.': [580], 'Keywords:': [581], 'Belief;': [582], 'testimony;': [583], 'naive': [584], 'epistemology;': [585], 'intuitive': [586, 613, 753], 'theories;': [587], 'education;': [589], 'conceptual': [590, 654], 'development': [591], 'Introduction': [592], 'Research': [593, 611, 644], 'cognitive': [595], 'informed': [598], 'goals': [600], 'methods': [602], 'education': [605, 721], 'number': [608], 'ways.': [610], 'example,': [616], 'clarified': [618], 'nature': [620], 'pre-instructional': [623], 'conceptions': [624, 631, 759], 'process': [627], 'may': [632], 'be': [633], 'replaced': [634], 'accurate,': [637], 'ones': [639], '(Carey,': [640], '2009;': [641, 661], 'Vosniadou,': [642], '1994).': [643], 'knowledge': [646], 'representation': [647], 'highlighted': [649], 'strategies': [650], 'effective': [651], 'promoting': [653], 'change': [655], 'classroom': [659], '(Ohlsson,': [660], 'Slotta': [662], 'Chi,': [664], '2006).': [665], 'causal': [669], 'inference': [670], 'shed': [672], 'light': [673], 'our': [676, 757], 'theoretical': [677], 'influence,': [679], 'influenced': [682], 'by,': [683], 'interpretation': [685], 'empirical': [687], '(Chinn': [689], 'Brewer,': [691], '2001;': [692], 'Schulz,': [693], 'Goodman,': [694], 'Tenenbaum,': [695], 'Jenkins,': [697], 'To': [698], 'date,': [699], 'focused': [703, 808], 'mainly': [704], 'claims,': [710], 'an': [712], 'equally': [713], 'important': [714, 766], 'issue': [715, 763], 'realm': [718], 'acceptance': [724], 'true.': [729], 'What,': [730], 'instance,': [732], 'leads': [733], 'student': [735], 'accept': [737], 'existence': [739], 'electrons': [741, 744], 'given': [742], 'neither': [746], '(with': [748, 754], 'naked': [750], 'eye)': [751], 'nor': [752], 'respect': [755], 'matter)?': [761], 'domains': [768], 'where': [769], 'compete': [772], 'phenomena,': [779], 'origin': [784, 791], 'species': [786], 'universe.': [794], 'Various': [795], 'attempts': [796], 'articulate': [798], 'difference': [800], 'between': [801], 'structure': [813], 'generate': [818], 'testable': [819], 'hypotheses)': [820]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2767796825', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T04:42:19.942779', 'created_date': '2017-11-17'}