Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2510146485', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'title': 'Hydrologic impacts of thawing permafrost', 'display_name': 'Hydrologic impacts of thawing permafrost', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2510146485', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'mag': '2510146485'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210205382', 'display_name': 'CSA News', 'issn_l': '1529-9163', 'issn': ['1529-9163', '2325-3584'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075390584', 'display_name': 'V. Lakshmi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-9004'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Venkat Lakshmi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5075390584'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 1150, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1150, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1150, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1150, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.319, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 10, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.64878, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 86, 'max': 87}, 'biblio': {'volume': '61', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '14', 'last_page': '15'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11333', 'display_name': 'Climate change and permafrost', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11333', 'display_name': 'Climate change and permafrost', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10644', 'display_name': 'Cryospheric studies and observations', 'score': 0.98, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/thermokarst', 'display_name': 'Thermokarst', 'score': 0.6943597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/active-layer', 'display_name': 'Active layer', 'score': 0.47539648}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15098985', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918', 'display_name': 'Permafrost', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.98670316}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780155556', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367339', 'display_name': 'Thermokarst', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6943597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5928128}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76886044', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300', 'display_name': 'Hydrology (agriculture)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56802297}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C518008717', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322', 'display_name': 'Arctic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53546613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115343472', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Global warming', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48208648}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76177295', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598', 'display_name': 'Groundwater', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4789384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776026197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201890', 'display_name': 'Active layer', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47539648}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42018646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174091901', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986', 'display_name': 'Groundwater recharge', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4191366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41437227}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75622301', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791', 'display_name': 'Aquifer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.19021097}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15832555}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187320778', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130', 'display_name': 'Geotechnical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779227376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497', 'display_name': 'Layer (electronics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87359718', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271916', 'display_name': 'Thin-film transistor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210205382', 'display_name': 'CSA News', 'issn_l': '1529-9163', 'issn': ['1529-9163', '2325-3584'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2134/csa2016-61-8-4', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210205382', 'display_name': 'CSA News', 'issn_l': '1529-9163', 'issn': ['1529-9163', '2325-3584'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4220751513', 'https://openalex.org/W3187373202', 'https://openalex.org/W3103709786', 'https://openalex.org/W2887881763', 'https://openalex.org/W2615581055', 'https://openalex.org/W2604195544', 'https://openalex.org/W2586870585', 'https://openalex.org/W2557824327', 'https://openalex.org/W2357208683', 'https://openalex.org/W2309043577'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Permafrost': [0, 195, 316], 'is': [1, 61, 98, 223, 232, 281, 605, 736, 747, 905], 'defined': [2], 'as': [3, 41, 227, 245, 677, 742, 829], 'ground': [4, 243, 730, 734], 'that': [5, 54, 304, 351, 387, 555, 570, 614], 'remains': [6], 'frozen': [7, 242, 266, 602, 899], 'throughout': [8], 'the': [9, 17, 21, 38, 42, 55, 69, 74, 111, 123, 128, 158, 166, 169, 184, 192, 199, 221, 228, 251, 255, 265, 272, 275, 285, 288, 300, 341, 360, 376, 390, 425, 479, 485, 510, 589, 629, 701, 729, 743, 749, 806, 836, 873, 882, 896, 912, 937], 'year;': [10], 'it': [11], 'covers': [12], 'about': [13], 'a': [14, 31, 99, 120, 224, 246, 518, 788, 830, 851, 902], 'quarter': [15], 'of': [16, 34, 57, 76, 113, 127, 142, 150, 163, 168, 186, 214, 254, 262, 271, 274, 287, 345, 356, 394, 478, 481, 507, 594, 601, 611, 703, 832, 838, 853, 876, 881, 898, 911, 915, 928], 'land': [18, 193, 559], 'surface': [19, 715, 869], 'in': [20, 37, 48, 63, 86, 106, 145, 157, 175, 198, 235, 239, 278, 284, 359, 375, 384, 413, 476, 483, 490, 497, 666, 685, 709, 808, 814, 846, 857, 888, 895], 'Northern': [22], 'Hemisphere': [23], '(Fig.': [24, 218, 334], '1)': [25], 'and': [26, 66, 83, 89, 160, 183, 190, 207, 237, 267, 312, 328, 343, 379, 381, 392, 399, 420, 448, 456, 488, 494, 531, 541, 561, 567, 575, 592, 596, 608, 619, 635, 639, 653, 688, 706, 711, 726, 759, 798, 817, 841, 871, 891, 922], 'has': [27, 321, 514, 844], 'been': [28, 323, 502, 515, 784, 819], 'long': [29], 'considered': [30], 'terrestrial': [32], 'indicator': [33], 'long-term': [35], 'changes': [36, 47, 85, 172, 174, 367, 383, 823, 894], 'climate': [39, 319, 419, 427, 690, 904], 'system': [40], 'subsurface': [43, 201, 825], 'slowly': [44], 'responds': [45], 'to': [46, 78, 81, 204, 209, 212, 325, 332, 369, 382, 411, 442, 465, 549, 627, 680, 699, 722, 756, 769, 772, 792, 821, 824, 909], 'atmospheric': [49], 'conditions.': [50], 'Studies': [51], 'have': [52, 501, 783, 818], 'shown': [53], 'rate': [56], 'air': [58, 279], 'temperature': [59, 280, 397, 542], 'warming': [60, 144, 320, 903], 'greater': [62], 'high': [64, 889], 'latitudes': [65, 890], 'altitudes': [67], 'than': [68], 'global': [70], 'average,': [71], 'thereby': [72, 449], 'enhancing': [73], 'vulnerability': [75], 'permafrost': [77, 94, 96, 114, 125, 146, 164, 222, 370, 400, 415, 482, 508, 533, 581, 644, 668, 686, 704, 739, 780, 833, 839], 'thaw.': [79, 834], 'Due': [80], 'past': [82], 'future': [84, 551, 682], 'water': [87, 187, 293, 598, 826], 'fluxes': [88], 'flowpaths': [90], 'associated': [91], 'with': [92, 119, 136, 307, 522, 621, 796, 811, 864], 'climate-induced': [93], 'thaw,': [95], 'hydrology': [97, 167, 702, 740, 764, 840, 897], 'rapidly': [100], 'developing': [101, 867], 'field.': [102], 'A': [103], 'new': [104], 'article': [105, 940], 'Vadose': [107, 932], 'Zone': [108, 933], 'Journal': [109], 'reviews': [110], 'impact': [112], 'thaw': [115, 317, 371, 412, 735], 'on': [116, 122, 189, 299], 'hydrologic': [117, 140, 683], 'processes': [118], 'focus': [121], 'discontinuous': [124, 414, 667], 'zone': [126, 225, 401, 746], 'pan-Arctic': [129, 511], 'basin.': [130], 'Recent': [131], 'advances': [132], 'are': [133, 365, 543, 556, 624, 670, 695, 850], 'discussed': [134], 'along': [135], 'limitations': [137], 'towards': [138], 'predicting': [139, 733], 'consequences': [141], 'projected': [143], 'environments.': [147], 'Pan-Arctic': [148], 'extent': [149], 'permafrost.': [151], 'Credit:': [152], 'Hugo': [153], 'Ahlenius,': [154], 'UNEP/GRID-Arendal.': [155], 'Changes': [156], 'vertical': [159], 'spatial': [161, 505, 520, 536, 874], 'distribution': [162, 378, 393], 'alter': [165], 'landscape.': [170], 'These': [171, 800], 'include': [173, 309, 571, 646], 'soil': [176, 256, 314, 385], 'moisture,': [177], 'groundwater': [178, 330, 439, 458, 789], 'recharge,': [179], 'streamflow': [180, 333], 'seasonality,': [181], 'flowpaths,': [182], 'amount': [185], 'stored': [188], 'beneath': [191], 'surface.': [194, 731], 'generally': [196], 'begins': [197], 'shallow': [200], '(<1': [202], 'm': [203, 216], 'several': [205, 210, 260, 779], 'meters)': [206], 'extends': [208], 'meters': [211], 'upwards': [213], '1,000': [215], 'deep': [217, 663], '2).': [219], 'Above': [220], 'known': [226], '“active': [229], 'layer,”': [230], 'which': [231, 292, 753], 'seasonally': [233], 'thawed—frozen': [234], 'winter': [236], 'unfrozen': [238, 268], 'summer.': [240], 'The': [241, 504], 'serves': [244], 'barrier': [247], 'for': [248, 416, 546, 558, 642, 661, 738, 805, 855], 'infiltration': [249], 'because': [250], 'hydraulic': [252, 809], 'conductivity': [253, 810], 'can': [257, 294, 388, 437, 463], 'vary': [258, 306], 'by': [259, 648, 786], 'orders': [261], 'magnitude': [263], 'between': [264, 588, 632], 'layers.': [269], 'One': [270], 'by-products': [273], 'positive': [276], 'trend': [277], 'an': [282, 606, 812, 906], 'increase': [283, 813], 'thickness': [286, 303, 311], 'active': [289, 301, 609], 'layer': [290, 302], 'through': [291, 460, 752], 'flow.': [295], 'Other': [296, 761], 'important': [297, 607, 907], 'controls': [298], 'may': [305, 338], 'time': [308], 'snow': [310], 'summer': [313], 'moisture.': [315], 'from': [318, 348, 373, 404, 470, 919], 'also': [322, 339, 803], 'linked': [324, 368], 'enhanced': [326, 457], 'recharge': [327, 455], 'increased': [329, 454], 'discharge': [331, 459], '3).': [335], 'Warming': [336], 'trends': [337], 'influence': [340], 'frequency': [342], 'intensity': [344], 'flooding': [346], 'events': [347], 'ice': [349, 354, 538, 595, 816], 'jams': [350], 'occur': [352], 'during': [353], 'breakup': [355], 'major': [357], 'rivers': [358], 'spring.': [361], 'In': [362, 584], 'addition,': [363], 'there': [364, 849], 'ecosystem': [366], 'resulting': [372], 'shifts': [374], 'lake': [377], 'connectivity': [380], 'moisture': [386], 'modify': [389], 'composition': [391], 'vegetation.': [395], 'Ground': [396], 'profile': [398], 'descriptors': [402], '(modified': [403, 469], 'Woo,': [405], '2012).': [406], 'Evolving': [407], 'hydrogeologic': [408], 'conditions': [409], 'due': [410], '(a)': [417], 'present': [418], '(b)': [421], 'warmer': [422, 426], 'climate.': [423], 'For': [424], '(b),': [428], 'newly': [429], 'formed': [430], 'open': [431, 938], 'taliks': [432], '(unfrozen': [433], 'zones': [434], 'within': [435], 'permafrost)': [436], 'facilitate': [438], '(GW)': [440], 'movement': [441], 'subpermafrost': [443], 'aquifers': [444, 462], 'at': [445, 517, 526, 553, 942], 'lower': [446], 'heads': [447], 'drain': [450], 'lakes': [451, 467], '(left).': [452], 'Conversely,': [453], 'activated': [461], 'lead': [464], 'expanding': [466], '(right)': [468], 'Kurylyk': [471], 'et': [472], 'al.,': [473], '2014a).': [474], 'However,': [475, 564], 'spite': [477], 'importance': [480], 'influencing': [484], 'hydrological': [486, 674, 716], 'cycle': [487], 'ecosystems': [489], 'northern': [491], 'latitudes,': [492], 'observations': [493, 647], 'baseline': [495], 'characterization': [496, 530, 582], 'these': [498, 585, 707], 'remote': [499], 'regions': [500, 524, 687, 900], 'limited.': [503], 'coverage': [506], 'across': [509], 'drainage': [512], 'basin': [513], 'mapped': [516, 525, 545], 'low': [519], 'resolution': [521, 634], 'discrete': [523], 'higher': [527], 'resolution.': [528], 'Hydrogeologic': [529], 'critical': [532, 580, 737], 'properties': [534, 591], 'including': [535, 860], 'distribution,': [537], 'content,': [539], 'thickness,': [540], 'insufficiently': [544], 'modeling': [547], 'approaches': [548], 'project': [550], 'change': [552, 684, 691], 'scales': [554], 'useful': [557, 678], 'managers': [560], 'decision': [562], 'makers.': [563], 'geophysical': [565, 617], 'ground-based': [566], 'airborne': [568, 638], 'methods': [569, 618, 641, 697, 768], 'electromagnetics,': [572], 'radar,': [573], 'seismic,': [574], 'electrical': [576, 590], 'resistivity': [577], 'help': [578], 'fill': [579], 'gaps.': [583], 'methods,': [586], 'differences': [587], 'compressibility': [593], 'liquid': [597], 'enable': [599], 'mapping': [600, 645], 'zones.': [603], 'This': [604], 'area': [610], 'research.': [612], 'Strategies': [613], 'employ': [615], 'multiple': [616], 'integrate': [620], 'remote-sensing': [622], 'techniques': [623, 660], 'being': [625], 'developed': [626, 785], 'address': [628], 'inherent': [630], 'trade-off': [631], 'data': [633], 'coverage.': [636], 'Emerging': [637], 'satellite': [640], 'broad': [643], 'synthetic': [649, 655], 'aperture': [650, 656], 'radar': [651, 657], '(SAR)': [652], 'interferometric': [654], '(InSAR).': [658], 'Improved': [659], 'large-scale': [662], 'characterization,': [664], 'particularly': [665], 'zones,': [669], 'still': [671], 'needed.': [672], 'Process-based': [673], 'models': [675, 717, 741, 765, 782, 802, 843], 'serve': [676], 'tools': [679], 'predict': [681, 723], 'inform': [689], 'adaptation': [692], 'strategies.': [693], 'There': [694], 'various': [696], 'available': [698], 'model': [700, 862, 877], 'areas,': [705], 'range': [708], 'complexity': [710], 'intended': [712], 'application.': [713], 'Many': [714], 'use': [718, 766], 'simple': [719], 'analytical': [720], 'equations': [721, 795], 'seasonal': [724], 'freezing': [725, 797], 'thawing': [727, 929], 'near': [728], 'Accurately': [732], 'near-surface': [744], 'thawed': [745], 'often': [748], 'primary': [750], 'route': [751], 'precipitation': [754], 'travels': [755], 'streams,': [757], 'rivers,': [758], 'lakes.': [760], 'more': [762, 773], 'sophisticated': [763], 'numerical': [767], 'obtain': [770], 'solutions': [771], 'complex': [774], 'heat': [775, 793], 'transfer': [776, 794], 'equations.': [777], 'Recently,': [778], 'hydrogeology': [781, 842], 'coupling': [787], 'flow': [790, 827], 'equation': [791], 'thawing.': [799], '“cryohydrogeology”': [801], 'account': [804], 'reduction': [807], 'pore': [815], 'applied': [820], 'investigate': [822], 'systems': [828, 886], 'result': [831], 'Although': [835], 'development': [837], 'intensified': [845], 'recent': [847], 'years,': [848], 'number': [852], 'opportunities': [854], 'advancements': [856], 'this': [858], 'field,': [859], 'linking': [861], 'simulations': [863], 'field': [865], 'data,': [866], 'better': [868], 'modules,': [870], 'increasing': [872], 'scale': [875], 'applications.': [878], 'As': [879], 'many': [880], "world's": [883], 'large': [884], 'river': [885], 'originate': [887], 'altitudes,': [892], 'understanding': [893], 'under': [901], 'aspect': [908], 'quantification': [910], 'freshwater': [913], 'resources': [914], 'our': [916], 'planet.': [917], 'Adapted': [918], 'Walvoord,': [920], 'M.A.,': [921], 'B.L.': [923], 'Kurylyk.': [924], '2016.': [925], 'Hydrologic': [926], 'impacts': [927], 'permafrost—a': [930], 'review.': [931], 'J.': [934], '15(6).': [935], 'View': [936], 'access': [939], 'online': [941], 'https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.01.0010.': [943]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2510146485', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T06:20:55.995369', 'created_date': '2016-09-16'}