Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2310937776', 'doi': None, 'title': 'The Cation Radicals of Free Base and Zinc Bacteriochlorin, Bacteriochlorophyll, and Bacteriopheophytin (electron spin resonance/optical spectra/oxidized pheophytins/free radicals/photosynthesis)', 'display_name': 'The Cation Radicals of Free Base and Zinc Bacteriochlorin, Bacteriochlorophyll, and Bacteriopheophytin (electron spin resonance/optical spectra/oxidized pheophytins/free radicals/photosynthesis)', 'publication_year': 1974, 'publication_date': '1974-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2310937776', 'mag': '2310937776'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.daviddolphin.com/publication/52.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058297814', 'display_name': 'J. Fajer', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Fajer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047592636', 'display_name': 'D. C. BORGt', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. C. BORGt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076261221', 'display_name': 'A. FORMANt', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. FORMANt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108230566', 'display_name': 'David Dolphin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Dolphin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088203921', 'display_name': 'L. Végh', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Vegh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023254398', 'display_name': 'G. Friedlander', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gerhart Friedlander', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 57}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10303', 'display_name': 'Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10303', 'display_name': 'Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11177', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies', 'score': 0.9678, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12236', 'display_name': 'Photoreceptor and optogenetics research', 'score': 0.963, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unpaired-electron', 'display_name': 'Unpaired electron', 'score': 0.6222186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/free-base', 'display_name': 'Free base', 'score': 0.5081732}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780784151', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1992180', 'display_name': 'Bacteriochlorophyll', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.816735}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139066938', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056', 'display_name': 'Radical', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7911186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.77256954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187961010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260463', 'display_name': 'Electron paramagnetic resonance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7249403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75473681', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651', 'display_name': 'Photochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7064656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186927785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374793', 'display_name': 'Unpaired electron', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6222186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70050531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899089', 'display_name': 'Delocalized electron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5307859}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116858620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280190', 'display_name': 'Free base', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5081732}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33062035', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3296863', 'display_name': 'Singlet state', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47322264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C131538251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413102', 'display_name': 'Hyperfine structure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4609855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139210041', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145840', 'display_name': 'Resonance (particle physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45794743}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32909587', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369', 'display_name': 'Molecule', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4157367}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183688256', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982', 'display_name': 'Photosynthesis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2242885}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46141821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402', 'display_name': 'Nuclear magnetic resonance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18008792}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147789679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372', 'display_name': 'Physical chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11410093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.111504674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181500209', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328', 'display_name': 'Excited state', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.08074978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776371256', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370', 'display_name': 'Salt (chemistry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109214941', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334', 'display_name': 'Particle physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.daviddolphin.com/publication/52.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 1, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2238132545'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3163626282', 'https://openalex.org/W28521576', 'https://openalex.org/W2414835923', 'https://openalex.org/W2328937298', 'https://openalex.org/W2166644145', 'https://openalex.org/W2157578863', 'https://openalex.org/W2141617632', 'https://openalex.org/W2137523840', 'https://openalex.org/W2096342601', 'https://openalex.org/W2086561349', 'https://openalex.org/W2083905046', 'https://openalex.org/W2056187672', 'https://openalex.org/W2044214809', 'https://openalex.org/W2007276350', 'https://openalex.org/W2006936879', 'https://openalex.org/W2003992169', 'https://openalex.org/W2000958813', 'https://openalex.org/W200013958', 'https://openalex.org/W1987090222', 'https://openalex.org/W1561020708'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'One-electron': [0], 'oxidation': [1], 'of': [2, 31, 35, 51, 55, 63, 98, 111, 120, 136, 154, 190, 205, 251, 268, 317, 365, 407, 419, 427, 450, 463, 484, 492, 507, 513, 533, 540, 543, 548, 567], 'zinc': [3, 102, 336, 485], 'tetra\xad': [4], 'phenylbacteriochlorin': [5], 'and': [6, 57, 69, 101, 114, 122, 161, 173, 175, 237, 282, 328, 333, 414, 421, 452, 466, 481, 521, 530, 554, 561], 'its': [7, 408, 453, 517, 544], 'metal-free': [8, 143], 'base': [9, 100, 512, 566], 'yielded': [10], 'sta\xad': [11], 'ble': [12], 'cation': [13, 59, 109], 'radicals.': [14], 'Electron': [15], 'spin': [16, 40, 74, 129, 211, 318, 358], 'resonance': [17, 75, 130, 212, 273], 'hyperfine': [18, 375, 384, 448], 'splittings': [19], 'were': [20], 'assigned': [21], 'by': [22, 391, 488], 'selective': [23, 392], 'deuterations.': [24], 'These': [25], 'results': [26, 286], 'indicate': [27], 'that': [28, 71, 142, 296, 386, 432, 462], 'the': [29, 32, 36, 52, 72, 78, 86, 96, 107, 196, 202, 206, 220, 248, 252, 261, 265, 269, 290, 297, 315, 323, 398, 442, 473, 489, 510, 527, 534, 541], 'protons': [30], 'saturated': [33], 'rings': [34], 'bacteriochlorins': [37, 56, 103], 'carry': [38], 'large': [39], 'densities,': [41], 'in': [42, 49, 93, 106, 146, 170, 179, 280, 283, 397, 498, 526, 570], 'accord': [43], 'with': [44, 61, 233, 417], 'molecular': [45], 'orbital': [46], 'calculations.': [47], 'Comparison': [48], 'vitro': [50, 281], 'optical': [53, 475, 499, 553], 'spectra': [54], 'their': [58, 137, 436], 'radicals': [60, 97, 110, 192, 222], 'those': [62, 135, 418, 547], 'bacteriochlorophyll': [64, 121, 177], 'show': [65], 'close': [66], 'cor\xad': [67], 'respondence': [68], 'suggest': [70, 431], 'electron': [73, 128, 164, 198, 210, 357, 443], 'data': [76, 556], 'from': [77, 166, 176, 326, 331, 446], 'former': [79], 'may': [80], 'also': [81, 457], 'prove': [82], 'a': [83, 168, 301, 402, 459], 'guide': [84], 'to': [85, 134, 278, 322, 363, 394, 430, 546, 573], 'bio\xad': [87], 'logical': [88], 'molecule.': [89, 208], 'The': [90, 140, 150, 183, 226, 285], 'surprising': [91], 'similarity': [92, 542], 'properties': [94, 131, 188, 438, 545], 'between': [95, 435, 478], 'free': [99, 118, 490, 511, 565], 'is': [104, 148, 199, 300, 401, 439, 516], 'maintained': [105], 'chlorophylls:': [108], 'bac\xad': [112, 559], 'teriopheophytin': [113], 'methyl': [115, 123, 346, 562, 568], 'pheophorbide': [116, 563], '(the': [117, 564], 'bases': [119, 491], 'chlorophyllide,': [124], 're\xad': [125], 'spectively)': [126], 'exhibit': [127, 187, 468], 'simi\xad': [132], 'lar': [133], 'magnesium-containing': [138], 'derivatives.': [139], 'possibility': [141], 'chlorophylls': [144, 162, 186], 'participate': [145], 'photosynthesis': [147], 'discussed.': [149], 'primary': [151, 535], 'photochemical': [152], 'step': [153, 537], 'intact': [155], 'photosynthesizing': [156], 'systems,': [157], 'extracted': [158], 'reaction': [159, 293], 'centers,': [160], 'involves': [163], 'ejection': [165], 'chlorophyll': [167, 221], '(ChI)': [169], 'green': [171], 'plants': [172], 'algae': [174], '(BChl)': [178], 'purple': [180], 'bacteria': [181], '(1-9).': [182], 'resultant': [184], 'oxidized': [185, 253, 335], 'characteristic': [189], 'r-cation': [191], '(7,': [193], '8),': [194], 'i.e.,': [195], 'unpaired': [197], 'delocalized': [200], 'over': [201], 'r': [203], 'system': [204], 'aromatic': [207], 'No': [209], '(ESR)': [213], 'hyperfinestructure': [214], 'has': [215, 275, 522], 'ever': [216], 'been': [217, 276, 524], 'resolved': [218], 'for': [219, 461], '(2,': [223, 235], '7,': [224], '10--13).': [225], 'singlet': [227, 368], 'ESR': [228, 324, 369, 447, 531, 555], 'signals': [229], 'observed': [230, 477], 'narrow': [231], 'significantly': [232], 'deuterochlorophyll': [234], '7,12)': [236], 'broaden': [238], 'upon': [239], '13C': [240], 'sub\xad': [241], 'stitution': [242], '(11,': [243], '12),': [244], 'which,': [245], 'while': [246], 'confirming': [247], 'r-radical': [249], 'nature': [250], 'molecules,': [254], 'yields': [255, 383], 'little': [256, 496], 'additional': [257], 'in\xad': [258], 'formation': [259], 'about': [260], 'spin-density': [262], 'distribution': [263], 'or': [264, 345, 372, 486], 'reactive': [266], 'sites': [267, 316], 'chlorophylls.': [270], 'Electron-nuclear': [271], 'double': [272], '(14)': [274], 'applied': [277], 'bacteriochlorophylls': [279], 'vivo.': [284], '(15,': [287], '16)': [288], 'support': [289], 'hypothesis': [291], 'regarding': [292], 'centers': [294, 502], '(7),': [295], 'photoactivated': [298], 'BChl': [299, 400, 413, 415, 465], 'bridged': [302], 'dimeric': [303], 'cation,': [304], '(BChlh': [305], "+',": [306, 416], 'but': [307], 'they': [308], 'do': [309], 'not': [310], 'yield': [311], 'sufficient': [312, 425], 'information': [313], 'to.specify': [314], 'delocalization.': [319], 'In': [320], 'contrast': [321], 'singlets': [325], "Chl+'": [327], "BChl+'": [329], '(or': [330], "Chb+'": [332], "BChb+'),": [334], 'tetraphenyl-': [337], 'Abbreviations:': [338], 'Chl,': [339], 'chlorophyll;': [340], 'BChl,': [341], 'bacteriochlorophyll;': [342], 'Ph,': [343], 'pheophytin': [344], 'pheophorbide;': [347], 'BPh,': [348], 'bacteriopheophy\xad': [349], 'tin;': [350], 'TPBC,': [351], 'tetraphenylbacteriochlorin;': [352], 'TPP,': [353], 'tetraphenylpor\xad': [354], 'phyrin;': [355], 'ESR,': [356], 'resonance;': [359], 'll.H,': [360], 'linewidth,': [361], 'peak': [362], 'peak,': [364], 'first': [366], 'derivative': [367], 'signal;': [370], 'an.': [371], 'An.,': [373], 'proton': [374], 'splitting': [376], 'constant': [377], 'at': [378], 'position-X.': [379], '994': [380], 'bacteriochlorin': [381, 404, 467], "(ZnTPBC+')": [382], 'structure': [385, 449], 'can': [387], 'be': [388], 'readily': [389], 'assigned,': [390], 'deuterations,': [393], 'specific': [395], 'positions': [396], 'radical.': [399], 'modified': [403], '(tetrahydroporphyrin);': [405], 'comparison': [406], 'electronic': [409, 437], 'spectra,': [410], 'both': [411], 'as': [412], 'ZnTPBC': [420], 'Zn\xad': [422], "TPBC+'": [423], 'shows': [424], 'correspondence': [426], 'spectral': [428], 'features': [429], 'an': [433, 469, 571], 'analogy': [434], 'valid.': [440], 'Hence,': [441], 'delocalization': [444], 'determined': [445], "ZnTPBC+'": [451], 'deuterated': [454], 'derivatives': [455], 'should': [456], 'provide': [458], 'model': [460], 'BChl+·.': [464], 'unusual': [470], 'property:': [471], 'unlike': [472], 'major': [474], 'shifts': [476], 'metallopor\xad': [479], 'phyrins': [480], 'porphyrins,': [482], 'complexation': [483], 'magnesium': [487], 'these': [493, 575], 'pigments': [494], 'causes': [495], 'change': [497], 'spectra.': [500], 'Reaction': [501], 'contain': [503], 'significant': [504], 'amounts': [505], '(17-22)': [506], 'bacteriopheophytin': [508], '(BPh),': [509], 'BChl.': [514], 'What': [515], 'role,': [518], 'if': [519], 'any,': [520], 'it': [523], 'overlooked': [525], 'opti\xad': [528], 'cal': [529], 'studies': [532], 'photosynthetic': [536], 'be\xad': [538], 'cause': [539], 'BChl?': [549], 'We': [550], 'present': [551], 'here': [552], 'on': [557], 'bacteriochlorin,': [558], 'teriopheophytin,': [560], 'chlorophyllide)': [569], 'attempt': [572], 'answer': [574], 'ques\xad': [576], 'tions.': [577]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2310937776', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T07:41:10.680288', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}