Abstract: Cofactors include an array of compounds that are used to improve the catalytic efficiency of biological reactions, particularly those catalyzed by enzymes. Cofactors are derived from vitamins and essential minerals or made in situ. Cofactors serve principally as intermediates in transfer reactions or as cosubstrates. One or more cofactors may be associated with the enzyme's catalytic site(s). Regulation of cofactors involves (1) specific transporters to control cofactor concentrations within cells, (2) chemical modifications to enhance function, and/or (3) linkage between cofactor production and the metabolic processes in which they serve as catalysts.
Publication Year: 2015
Publication Date: 2015-09-22
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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Cited By Count: 49
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