Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2167566239', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2007)13:2(97)', 'title': 'Valuing Simple Multiple-Exercise Real Options in Infrastructure Projects', 'display_name': 'Valuing Simple Multiple-Exercise Real Options in Infrastructure Projects', 'publication_year': 2007, 'publication_date': '2007-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2167566239', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2007)13:2(97)', 'mag': '2167566239'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2007)13:2(97)', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S54853311', 'display_name': 'Journal of Infrastructure Systems', 'issn_l': '1076-0342', 'issn': ['1076-0342', '1943-555X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315747', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society of Civil Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315747'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society of Civil Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~vecer/multi.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083386691', 'display_name': 'Nicola Chiara', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I859038795', 'display_name': 'Virginia Tech', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02smfhw86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I859038795']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nicola Chiara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Assistant Professor, Dept. of Statistics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'Assistant Professor, School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected].', 'Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Assistant Professor, Dept. of Statistics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Assistant Professor, School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I859038795']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019427086', 'display_name': 'Michael J. Garvin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3209-8749'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I859038795', 'display_name': 'Virginia Tech', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02smfhw86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I859038795']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael J. Garvin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Assistant Professor, Dept. of Statistics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'Assistant Professor, School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected].', 'Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Assistant Professor, Dept. of Statistics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Assistant Professor, School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I859038795']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055562182', 'display_name': 'Jan Večeř', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-4646'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I859038795', 'display_name': 'Virginia Tech', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02smfhw86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I859038795']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jan Vecer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Assistant Professor, Dept. of Statistics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'Assistant Professor, School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected].', 'Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Assistant Professor, School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I859038795']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Assistant Professor, Dept. of Statistics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027. E-mail: [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.276, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 163, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.97981, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '13', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '97', 'last_page': '104'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11976', 'display_name': 'Application of Real Options in Investment Strategies', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2003', 'display_name': 'Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11976', 'display_name': 'Application of Real Options in Investment Strategies', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2003', 'display_name': 'Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11939', 'display_name': 'Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10632', 'display_name': 'Consequences of Mortgage Credit Expansion and Housing Market Dynamics', 'score': 0.9827, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/real-options', 'display_name': 'Real Options', 'score': 0.543761}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-viability', 'display_name': 'Financial Viability', 'score': 0.522478}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195487862', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210', 'display_name': 'Revenue', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.76213074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199776023', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875', 'display_name': 'Negotiation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6520253}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778137410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820', 'display_name': 'Government (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57639015}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5456903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112930515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547', 'display_name': 'Risk analysis (engineering)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.500283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4793404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136197465', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295', 'display_name': 'Variety (cybernetics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47593287}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32896092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447', 'display_name': 'Risk management', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4614514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780586882', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643', 'display_name': 'Simple (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43764254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42475967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292', 'display_name': 'Operations research', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35740346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162118730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453', 'display_name': 'Actuarial science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33581716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32673073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.27198982}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.27124715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2007)13:2(97)', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S54853311', 'display_name': 'Journal of Infrastructure Systems', 'issn_l': '1076-0342', 'issn': ['1076-0342', '1943-555X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315747', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society of Civil Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315747'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society of Civil Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.131.8661', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~vecer/multi.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.131.8661', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~vecer/multi.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.49}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 35, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1503295912', 'https://openalex.org/W1548953477', 'https://openalex.org/W1559694472', 'https://openalex.org/W1574032236', 'https://openalex.org/W1630573219', 'https://openalex.org/W1821518661', 'https://openalex.org/W1963748947', 'https://openalex.org/W1964632428', 'https://openalex.org/W1981291749', 'https://openalex.org/W1984841762', 'https://openalex.org/W1986025117', 'https://openalex.org/W1995503011', 'https://openalex.org/W2000578291', 'https://openalex.org/W2004707084', 'https://openalex.org/W2030997316', 'https://openalex.org/W2035011430', 'https://openalex.org/W2068942014', 'https://openalex.org/W2070356255', 'https://openalex.org/W2072005880', 'https://openalex.org/W2072274284', 'https://openalex.org/W2077791698', 'https://openalex.org/W2082813923', 'https://openalex.org/W2111473977', 'https://openalex.org/W2122750485', 'https://openalex.org/W2126311658', 'https://openalex.org/W2157676758', 'https://openalex.org/W2768035918', 'https://openalex.org/W2787028605', 'https://openalex.org/W3122045379', 'https://openalex.org/W3125436659', 'https://openalex.org/W4231057775', 'https://openalex.org/W4239213021', 'https://openalex.org/W4256362471', 'https://openalex.org/W4365787967', 'https://openalex.org/W627645933'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4230237643', 'https://openalex.org/W2991784296', 'https://openalex.org/W2524081694', 'https://openalex.org/W2401058949', 'https://openalex.org/W2322802588', 'https://openalex.org/W2069705450', 'https://openalex.org/W2032233321', 'https://openalex.org/W2030457343', 'https://openalex.org/W2007820812', 'https://openalex.org/W1819545986'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 101], 'revenue': [1, 20, 25, 35], 'risk': [2, 21, 142], 'is': [3, 22, 106, 127], 'considerable': [4], 'in': [5, 49, 150], 'infrastructure': [6], 'project': [7], 'financing': [8], 'arrangements': [9], 'such': [10], 'as': [11, 110], 'build–operate–transfer': [12], '(BOT).': [13], 'A': [14], 'potential': [15], 'mitigation': [16, 143], 'strategy': [17], 'for': [18, 36], 'the': [19, 28, 56, 59, 63, 81, 95, 116], 'a': [23, 31, 37, 40, 67, 72, 85, 88, 111], 'governmental': [24], 'guarantee,': [26], 'where': [27], 'government': [29, 57], 'secures': [30], 'minimum': [32], 'amount': [33], 'of': [34, 66, 78, 83, 97, 119, 122], 'project.': [38], 'Such': [39], 'guarantee': [41, 73], 'is:': [42], '(1)': [43], 'only': [44], 'redeemable': [45], 'at': [46], 'distinct': [47], 'points': [48], 'time;': [50], 'and': [51, 108, 144, 147], '(2)': [52], 'more': [53, 129], 'economical': [54], 'if': [55], 'limits': [58], 'guarantee’s': [60], 'availability': [61], 'to': [62, 114], 'early': [64], 'portions': [65], 'BOT’s': [68], 'concession': [69], 'period.': [70], 'Hence,': [71], 'characterized': [74], 'by': [75], 'this': [76, 120], 'type': [77], 'structure': [79], 'takes': [80], 'form': [82], 'either': [84], 'Bermudan': [86], 'or': [87], 'simple': [89], 'multiple-exercise': [90], 'real': [91, 123], 'option,': [92], 'depending': [93], 'upon': [94], 'number': [96], 'exercise': [98], 'opportunities': [99], 'afforded.': [100], 'multi-least-squares': [102], 'Monte': [103], 'Carlo': [104], 'technique': [105], 'presented': [107], 'illustrated': [109], 'promising': [112], 'approach': [113], 'determine': [115], 'fair': [117], 'value': [118], 'variety': [121], 'option.': [124], 'This': [125], 'method': [126], 'far': [128], 'flexible': [130], 'than': [131], 'prevailing': [132], 'approaches,': [133], 'so': [134], 'it': [135], 'represents': [136], 'an': [137], 'important': [138], 'step': [139], 'toward': [140], 'improving': [141], 'facilitating': [145], 'contractual': [146], 'financial': [148], 'negotiations': [149], 'BOT': [151], 'projects.': [152]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2167566239', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 21}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-11T16:22:31.732845', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}