Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2163541402', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1641/b580607', 'title': 'Cross-scale Drivers of Natural Disturbances Prone to Anthropogenic Amplification: The Dynamics of Bark Beetle Eruptions', 'display_name': 'Cross-scale Drivers of Natural Disturbances Prone to Anthropogenic Amplification: The Dynamics of Bark Beetle Eruptions', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2163541402', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1641/b580607', 'mag': '2163541402'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1641/b580607', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-pdf/58/6/501/26889236/58-6-501.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S121830084', 'display_name': 'BioScience', 'issn_l': '0006-3568', 'issn': ['0006-3568', '1525-3244'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-pdf/58/6/501/26889236/58-6-501.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014160123', 'display_name': 'Kenneth F. Raffa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-5843'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155093810', 'display_name': 'University of Idaho', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03hbp5t65', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Kenneth F. Raffa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Idaho in Moscow.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Idaho in Moscow.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050238512', 'display_name': 'Brian H. Aukema', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-0499'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155093810', 'display_name': 'University of Idaho', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03hbp5t65', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Brian H. Aukema', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Entomology and the Forest and Wildlife Ecology Department,', 'University of Idaho in Moscow.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Entomology and the Forest and Wildlife Ecology Department,', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Idaho in Moscow.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014768872', 'display_name': 'Barbara Bentz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-1542'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155093810', 'display_name': 'University of Idaho', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03hbp5t65', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Barbara J. Bentz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Uni-versity of Wisconsin in Madison.', 'University of Idaho in Moscow.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Uni-versity of Wisconsin in Madison.', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Idaho in Moscow.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034694046', 'display_name': 'Allan L. Carroll', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1820-0759'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I151934421', 'display_name': 'University of Northern British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025wzwv46', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I151934421']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155093810', 'display_name': 'University of Idaho', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03hbp5t65', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}], 'countries': ['CA', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Allan L. Carroll', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Idaho in Moscow.', 'University of Northern British Columbia in Prince George, Canada.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Northern British Columbia in Prince George, Canada.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I151934421']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Idaho in Moscow.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059734329', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey A. Hicke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2866'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210156316', 'display_name': 'Rocky Mountain Research (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05f1fs902', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210156316']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140135', 'display_name': 'Rocky Mountain Research Station', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04347cr60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1313416372', 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307', 'https://openalex.org/I4210140135']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155093810', 'display_name': 'University of Idaho', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03hbp5t65', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeffrey A. Hicke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agriculture Forest Service at the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Logan, Utah.', 'University of Idaho in Moscow.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agriculture Forest Service at the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Logan, Utah.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210156316', 'https://openalex.org/I4210140135']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Idaho in Moscow.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068370002', 'display_name': 'Monica G. Turner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-2822'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155093810', 'display_name': 'University of Idaho', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03hbp5t65', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Monica G. Turner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Idaho in Moscow.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Idaho in Moscow.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108808205', 'display_name': 'William H. Romme', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1280367701', 'display_name': 'Canadian Forest Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0430zw506', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1280367701', 'https://openalex.org/I1281735042', 'https://openalex.org/I2802286613']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155093810', 'display_name': 'University of Idaho', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03hbp5t65', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}], 'countries': ['CA', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'William H. Romme', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, in Victoria, Canada.', 'University of Idaho in Moscow.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, in Victoria, Canada.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1280367701']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Idaho in Moscow.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5014160123'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155093810'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4705, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4705, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 55.024, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1663, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999942, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '58', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '501', 'last_page': '517'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11691', 'display_name': 'Forest Insect Ecology and Management', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11691', 'display_name': 'Forest Insect Ecology and Management', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11641', 'display_name': 'Insect and Pesticide Research', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1109', 'display_name': 'Insect Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14378', 'display_name': 'Entomological Studies and Ecology', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biome', 'display_name': 'Biome', 'score': 0.7500062}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mountain-pine-beetle', 'display_name': 'Mountain pine beetle', 'score': 0.42794552}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777601987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581', 'display_name': 'Disturbance (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7734016}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89920630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101998', 'display_name': 'Biome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7500062}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.66660637}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110872660', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813', 'display_name': 'Ecosystem', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6088566}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779751432', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720458', 'display_name': 'Bark beetle', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5813799}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.570422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185933670', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105', 'display_name': 'Habitat', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5599387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776608160', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462', 'display_name': 'Natural (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.517118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46325548', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59099', 'display_name': 'Herbivore', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50009346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46212316}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777131384', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q819902', 'display_name': 'Mountain pine beetle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42794552}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3867379}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35653353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3223287}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133446333', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38681', 'display_name': 'Bark (sound)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22732255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1641/b580607', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-pdf/58/6/501/26889236/58-6-501.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S121830084', 'display_name': 'BioScience', 'issn_l': '0006-3568', 'issn': ['0006-3568', '1525-3244'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1641/B580607', 'pdf_url': 'https://bioone.org/journals/bioscience/volume-58/issue-6/B580607/Cross-scale-Drivers-of-Natural-Disturbances-Prone-to-Anthropogenic-Amplification/10.1641/B580607.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402358', 'display_name': 'BioOne Complete (BioOne)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111627', 'host_organization_name': 'BioOne', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111627'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['BioOne'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1641/b580607', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-pdf/58/6/501/26889236/58-6-501.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S121830084', 'display_name': 'BioScience', 'issn_l': '0006-3568', 'issn': ['0006-3568', '1525-3244'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13', 'display_name': 'Climate action', 'score': 0.53}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 77, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1487266804', 'https://openalex.org/W1510588204', 'https://openalex.org/W1565030041', 'https://openalex.org/W1569695309', 'https://openalex.org/W1661209811', 'https://openalex.org/W1763779503', 'https://openalex.org/W1953207364', 'https://openalex.org/W196366169', 'https://openalex.org/W1965391630', 'https://openalex.org/W1967021755', 'https://openalex.org/W1971360169', 'https://openalex.org/W1972651618', 'https://openalex.org/W1977541390', 'https://openalex.org/W1985007599', 'https://openalex.org/W1995446390', 'https://openalex.org/W2002035490', 'https://openalex.org/W2003267859', 'https://openalex.org/W2005432193', 'https://openalex.org/W2007380779', 'https://openalex.org/W2009932430', 'https://openalex.org/W2010708284', 'https://openalex.org/W2012021876', 'https://openalex.org/W2014647547', 'https://openalex.org/W2019055230', 'https://openalex.org/W2019254558', 'https://openalex.org/W2022456957', 'https://openalex.org/W2030008827', 'https://openalex.org/W2030091031', 'https://openalex.org/W2033550843', 'https://openalex.org/W2036761524', 'https://openalex.org/W2038423019', 'https://openalex.org/W2041802309', 'https://openalex.org/W2042515964', 'https://openalex.org/W2042869287', 'https://openalex.org/W2043956886', 'https://openalex.org/W2047895620', 'https://openalex.org/W2051915706', 'https://openalex.org/W2055073607', 'https://openalex.org/W2057677881', 'https://openalex.org/W2062374893', 'https://openalex.org/W2063140920', 'https://openalex.org/W2071328236', 'https://openalex.org/W2097863321', 'https://openalex.org/W2098598268', 'https://openalex.org/W2102998109', 'https://openalex.org/W2107920385', 'https://openalex.org/W2110004090', 'https://openalex.org/W2110156209', 'https://openalex.org/W2114707231', 'https://openalex.org/W2116869457', 'https://openalex.org/W2122582889', 'https://openalex.org/W2123730929', 'https://openalex.org/W2125650131', 'https://openalex.org/W2127770313', 'https://openalex.org/W2135091600', 'https://openalex.org/W2135572189', 'https://openalex.org/W2136433097', 'https://openalex.org/W2138694888', 'https://openalex.org/W2142289369', 'https://openalex.org/W2147254127', 'https://openalex.org/W2148646187', 'https://openalex.org/W2150569514', 'https://openalex.org/W2158974505', 'https://openalex.org/W2161651973', 'https://openalex.org/W2165977355', 'https://openalex.org/W2166378967', 'https://openalex.org/W2166822293', 'https://openalex.org/W2169715400', 'https://openalex.org/W2171134723', 'https://openalex.org/W2175070720', 'https://openalex.org/W2417085600', 'https://openalex.org/W2482513657', 'https://openalex.org/W2560545126', 'https://openalex.org/W3016414480', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4394702491', 'https://openalex.org/W64132121'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4247737404', 'https://openalex.org/W4240345156', 'https://openalex.org/W2977652438', 'https://openalex.org/W2175404876', 'https://openalex.org/W2061447528', 'https://openalex.org/W2029354931', 'https://openalex.org/W1966943508', 'https://openalex.org/W1887613416', 'https://openalex.org/W1878201607', 'https://openalex.org/W1033163757'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Biome-scale': [0], 'disturbances': [1], 'by': [2], 'eruptive': [3], 'herbivores': [4], 'provide': [5], 'valuable': [6], 'insights': [7], 'into': [8], 'species': [9], 'interactions,': [10], 'ecosystem': [11], 'function,': [12], 'and': [13, 36, 62, 73, 83, 99, 130, 153, 166], 'impacts': [14], 'of': [15, 33, 97, 186], 'global': [16], 'change.': [17], 'We': [18], 'present': [19], 'a': [20, 27, 95], 'conceptual': [21], 'framework': [22], 'using': [23], 'one': [24], 'system': [25], 'as': [26, 140], 'model,': [28], 'emphasizing': [29], 'interactions': [30], 'across': [31, 134], 'levels': [32], 'biological': [34], 'hierarchy': [35], 'spatiotemporal': [37], 'scales.': [38, 135], 'Bark': [39], 'beetles': [40, 92], 'are': [41, 122, 138, 147], 'major': [42], 'natural': [43, 86], 'disturbance': [44], 'agents': [45], 'in': [46, 173], 'western': [47], 'North': [48], 'American': [49], 'forests.': [50], 'However,': [51], 'recent': [52], 'bark': [53], 'beetle': [54, 76], 'population': [55], 'eruptions': [56], 'have': [57], 'exceeded': [58], 'the': [59, 66, 112, 158, 183], 'frequencies,': [60], 'impacts,': [61], 'ranges': [63], 'documented': [64], 'during': [65], 'previous': [67], '125': [68], 'years.': [69], 'Extensive': [70], 'host': [71], 'abundance': [72], 'susceptibility,': [74], 'concentrated': [75], 'density,': [77], 'favorable': [78], 'weather,': [79], 'optimal': [80], 'symbiotic': [81], 'associations,': [82], 'escape': [84], 'from': [85], 'enemies': [87], 'must': [88], 'occur': [89, 118], 'jointly': [90], 'for': [91], 'to': [93, 127, 191], 'surpass': [94], 'series': [96], 'thresholds': [98, 121, 162, 187], 'exert': [100, 128], 'widespread': [101], 'disturbance.': [102], 'Opposing': [103], 'feedbacks': [104, 132, 176], 'determine': [105], 'qualitatively': [106], 'distinct': [107], 'outcomes': [108], 'at': [109, 111], 'junctures': [110], 'biochemical': [113], 'through': [114], 'landscape': [115, 141], 'levels.': [116], 'Eruptions': [117], 'when': [119], 'key': [120, 161], 'surpassed,': [123], 'prior': [124], 'constraints': [125], 'cease': [126], 'influence,': [129], 'positive': [131], 'amplify': [133], 'These': [136], 'dynamics': [137], 'bidirectional,': [139], 'features': [142], 'influence': [143], 'how': [144], 'lower-scale': [145], 'processes': [146], 'amplified': [148], 'or': [149], 'buffered.': [150], 'Climate': [151], 'change': [152], 'reduced': [154], 'habitat': [155], 'heterogeneity': [156], 'increase': [157], 'likelihood': [159], 'that': [160], 'will': [163], 'be': [164], 'exceeded,': [165], 'may': [167], 'cause': [168], 'fundamental': [169], 'regime': [170], 'shifts.': [171], 'Systems': [172], 'which': [174], 'endogenous': [175], 'can': [177], 'dominate': [178], 'after': [179], 'external': [180], 'forces': [181], 'foster': [182], 'initial': [184], 'breach': [185], 'appear': [188], 'particularly': [189], 'sensitive': [190], 'anthropogenic': [192], 'perturbations.': [193]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2163541402', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 73}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 96}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 92}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 119}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 102}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 128}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 98}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 116}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 121}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 127}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 124}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 134}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 111}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T00:30:44.493231', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}