2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Robert O. Bonow; Blasé A. Carabello; Kanu Chatterjee; Antonio Cabrera de León; David P. Faxon; Michael D. Freed; William H. Gaasch; Bruce W. Lytle; Rick A. Nishimura; Patrick T. O’Gara; Robert A. O’Rourke; Catherine M Otto; Pravin M. Shah; Jack S. Shanewise
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2959, 2972, 3007, 3014, 3023, 3053, 3059, 3089, 3128, 3154, 3165, 3174, 3185, 3191, 3199, 3271, 3292, 3313, 3340, 3349, 3362, 3368, 3381, 3385, 3428, 3433, 3440, 3445, 3481, 3485, 3493, 3503, 3516, 3522, 3531, 3535, 3552, 3555, 3562, 3565, 3575, 3579, 3598, 3601, 3606, 3617, 3683, 3720, 3727, 3735, 3747, 3762, 3768, 3787, 3799, 3810, 3812], 'Patients': [16, 50, 80, 620, 624, 627, 699, 708, 716, 757, 767, 775, 786, 895, 907, 911, 1039, 1050, 1058, 1077, 1249, 1282, 1393, 1569, 1765, 1813, 1836, 1863, 1871, 1891, 1904, 1936, 2641, 3060], 'With': [17, 51, 81, 441, 700, 709, 758, 768, 803, 1040, 1051, 1059, 1283, 1394, 1436, 1570, 1586, 1594, 1766, 1814, 1872, 1892, 1905, 2642, 3061], 'Valvular': [18, 52, 82, 1221, 1304, 1411, 1893, 1906, 2643, 2683, 3062], 'Heart': [19, 53, 62, 83, 1222, 1227, 1412, 1541, 1573, 1654, 1768, 1846, 1894, 1907, 2059, 2644, 2684, 3063], 'Disease': [20, 494, 781, 1095, 1104, 1208, 1223, 1228, 1305, 1354, 1413, 1467, 1477, 1655, 1661, 1889, 1895, 1902, 1908, 1915, 1922, 1948, 1952, 2685, 3064], 'Free': [21], 'AccessReview': [22, 36], 'ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView': [23], 'PDFView': [24], 'EPUBSections': [25], 'ToolsAdd': [26], 'to': [27, 71, 488, 1877, 2094, 2129, 2148, 2174, 2268, 2313, 2339, 2352, 2376, 2404, 2427, 2474, 2481, 2524, 2559, 2647, 2690, 2701, 2708, 2778, 2845, 2870, 2880, 2891, 2982, 3030, 3172, 3221, 3230, 3310, 3322, 3642, 3686, 3794, 3805], 'favoritesDownload': [28], 'citationsTrack': [29], 'citationsPermissions': [30], 'ShareShare': [31], 'onFacebookTwitterLinked': [32], 'InMendeleyReddit': [33], 'Jump': [34], 'toFree': [35], 'ArticlePDF/EPUB2008': [37], 'DiseaseA': [54], 'Report': [55], 'American': [58, 1528, 2051, 2058], 'College': [59, 2052], 'Cardiology/American': [61], 'Association': [63, 1529, 2060], 'Task': [64, 2086, 2260, 2794, 2820, 3674], 'Force': [65, 2087, 2261, 2795, 2821, 3675], 'on': [66, 2046, 2088, 2234, 2243, 2262, 2785, 2796, 2822, 2875, 3057, 3111, 3124, 3260, 3676], 'Practice': [67, 2089, 2263, 2797, 2823, 3677], '(Writing': [69], 'Committee': [70, 2687, 3056], 'Revise': [72], '1998': [74, 3055, 3159, 3308], 'Disease):': [84], 'Endorsed': [85], 'by': [86, 197, 210, 223, 234, 249, 262, 275, 288, 301, 314, 327, 340, 353, 366, 379, 2043, 2083, 2397, 2418, 2489, 2599, 2613, 2750, 2791, 3046, 3453], 'Society': [88, 92, 99, 3786], 'Cardiovascular': [90, 94, 3788], 'Anesthesiologists,': [91], 'Angiography': [95], 'and': [96, 98, 184, 369, 429, 471, 500, 574, 597, 720, 731, 814, 855, 920, 926, 936, 979, 1007, 1114, 1130, 1144, 1161, 1170, 1177, 1186, 1193, 1202, 1231, 1416, 1448, 1480, 1506, 1552, 1578, 1622, 1884, 1949, 1986, 2002, 2012, 2015, 2020, 2035, 2056, 2105, 2121, 2131, 2152, 2164, 2193, 2206, 2245, 2305, 2414, 2416, 2440, 2459, 2501, 2556, 2581, 2603, 2724, 2740, 2756, 2799, 2809, 2830, 2883, 2912, 2937, 2940, 2969, 3021, 3034, 3066, 3071, 3078, 3160, 3248, 3334, 3383, 3415, 3471, 3533, 3559, 3577, 3609, 3714, 3750, 3766, 3772, 3779], 'Interventions,': [97], 'Thoracic': [101, 1531, 1534], 'Surgeons': [102, 1535], 'WRITING': [104, 190], 'COMMITTEE': [105, 191], 'MEMBERS': [106, 192], 'Robert': [107, 166, 201, 331], 'O.': [108, 202, 204], 'Bonow,': [109], 'MD,': [110, 116, 127, 133, 139, 145, 151, 157, 163, 169, 175, 181, 2816], 'MACC,': [111, 170, 182], 'FAHA,': [112, 118, 129, 135, 141, 147, 153, 159, 165, 171, 177], 'Blase': [113, 214], 'A.': [114, 155, 167, 215, 217, 306, 308, 332, 334], 'Carabello,': [115], 'FACC,': [117, 122, 128, 134, 140, 146, 152, 158, 164, 176, 2817], 'Kanu': [119, 227], 'Chatterjee,': [120], 'MB,': [121], 'Antonio': [123, 238], 'C.': [124, 239, 242, 2813], 'de': [125, 240, 243], 'LeonJr,': [126], 'David': [130, 253], 'P.': [131, 254, 256], 'Faxon,': [132], 'Michael': [136, 266], 'D.': [137, 267, 269], 'Freed,': [138], 'William': [142, 279], 'H.': [143, 280, 282], 'Gaasch,': [144], 'Bruce': [148, 292], 'W.': [149, 293, 295], 'Lytle,': [150], 'Rick': [154, 305], 'Nishimura,': [156], 'Patrick': [160, 318], 'T.': [161, 319, 321], "O'Gara,": [162], "O'Rourke,": [168], 'Catherine': [172, 344], 'M.': [173, 179, 345, 347, 358, 360], 'Otto,': [174], 'Pravin': [178, 357], 'Shah,': [180], 'FAHA': [183], 'Jack': [185, 370], 'S.': [186, 371, 373], 'Shanewise,': [187], 'MD': [188], 'Search': [193, 206, 219, 230, 245, 258, 271, 284, 297, 310, 323, 336, 349, 362, 375], 'more': [195, 208, 221, 232, 247, 260, 273, 286, 299, 312, 325, 338, 351, 364, 377, 2956], 'papers': [196, 209, 222, 233, 248, 261, 274, 287, 300, 313, 326, 339, 352, 365, 378], 'this': [198, 211, 224, 235, 250, 263, 276, 289, 302, 315, 328, 341, 354, 367, 380, 389, 398, 2475, 2519, 2669, 3068, 3200, 3235, 3255, 3296, 3356, 3694, 3742], 'author': [199, 212, 225, 236, 251, 264, 277, 290, 303, 316, 329, 342, 355, 368, 381], ',': [200, 213, 226, 237, 252, 265, 278, 291, 304, 317, 330, 343, 356], 'BonowRobert': [203], 'Bonow': [205], 'CarabelloBlase': [216], 'Carabello': [218], 'ChatterjeeKanu': [228], 'Chatterjee': [229], 'LeonJrAntonio': [241], 'LeonJr': [244], 'FaxonDavid': [255], 'Faxon': [257], 'FreedMichael': [268], 'Freed': [270], 'GaaschWilliam': [281], 'Gaasch': [283], 'LytleBruce': [294], 'Lytle': [296], 'NishimuraRick': [307], 'Nishimura': [309], "O'GaraPatrick": [320], "O'Gara": [322], "O'RourkeRobert": [333], "O'Rourke": [335], 'OttoCatherine': [346], 'Otto': [348], 'ShahPravin': [359], 'Shah': [361], 'ShanewiseJack': [372], 'Shanewise': [374], 'Originally': [382], 'published26': [383], 'Sep': [384], '2008https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748Circulation.': [385], '2008;118:e523–e661Other': [386], 'version(s)': [387], 'articleYou': [390], 'are': [391, 1990, 2109, 2143, 2171, 2221, 2311, 2335, 2395, 2472, 2479, 2557, 2566, 2617, 2625, 2788, 2800, 2805, 2886, 3219, 3257, 3266, 3290, 3387, 3649], 'viewing': [392], 'most': [394, 2048, 2532, 2535, 3213], 'recent': [395, 2991], 'version': [396, 2671], 'article.': [399], 'Previous': [400, 405], 'versions:': [401], 'September': [402], '26,': [403], '2008:': [404], 'Version': [406], '1': [407, 1955, 2448], 'TABLE': [408], 'OF': [409], 'CONTENTSPreamble': [410], '(updated)': [411], 'e526': [412], 'Introduction': [413, 447, 547, 1098], 'e527': [414, 419], '1.1.': [415], 'Evidence': [416, 2826, 3494, 3504, 3517, 3618], 'Review': [417, 428, 2827], '(UPDATED)': [418, 425, 448, 504, 509, 592, 834, 932, 942, 1363, 1419, 1518], '1.2.': [420], 'Scope': [421, 3798], 'Document': [424, 3801], 'e528': [426], '1.3.': [427], 'Approval': [430], '(NEW)': [431, 1962, 1965], 'e529': [432], 'General': [433, 527, 833, 1323], 'Principles': [434], 'e530': [435, 445, 449, 454], '2.1.': [436], 'Evaluation': [437, 651, 722, 784, 863, 874, 925, 935, 1075, 1230, 1429, 1473, 1500, 1883], 'Patient': [440, 490, 568, 648, 867, 931, 941], 'a': [442, 1679, 1879, 1975, 2176, 2188, 2282, 2292, 2341, 2356, 2361, 2450, 2463, 2491, 2512, 2541, 2547, 2593, 2630, 2652, 2727, 2747, 2768, 2903, 3012, 3125, 3151, 3162, 3311, 3324, 3329, 3426, 3434, 3509, 3655, 3661, 3681, 3704, 3709], 'Cardiac': [443, 457, 479, 603, 634, 741, 1017, 1120, 1366, 1839], 'Murmur': [444], '2.1.1.': [446], '2.1.2.': [450], 'Classification': [451], 'Murmurs': [453], '2.1.2.1.': [455], 'Dynamic': [456], 'Auscultation': [458], 'e531': [459, 464], '2.1.2.2.': [460], 'Other': [461, 633], 'Physical': [462, 595, 729, 853, 1005, 1316], 'Findings': [463], '2.1.2.3.': [465], 'Associated': [466], 'Symptoms': [467], 'e532': [468], '2.1.3.': [469], 'Electrocardiography': [470], 'Chest': [472], 'Roentgenography': [473], 'e533': [474, 477, 481, 485], '2.1.4.': [475], 'Echocardiography': [476, 571, 821, 990, 996, 1254, 1263, 1269, 1320], '2.1.5.': [478], 'Catheterization': [480, 604, 742, 1018, 1121], '2.1.6.': [482], 'Exercise': [483, 582, 598, 732, 856, 1008], 'Testing': [484, 583, 736, 860, 1000], '2.1.7.': [486], 'Approach': [487], 'e534': [491], '2.2.': [492], 'Valve': [493, 539, 615, 654, 748, 752, 789, 802, 915, 1034, 1080, 1094, 1103, 1207, 1292, 1299, 1353, 1367, 1402, 1466, 1476, 1542, 1547, 1556, 1562, 1584, 1592, 1600, 1605, 1610, 1626, 1634, 1639, 1644, 1650, 1660, 1665, 1670, 1681, 1688, 1693, 1697, 1710, 1739, 1881, 1928, 1933], 'Severity': [495], 'Table': [496, 511, 514, 516, 518], 'e535': [497, 505, 510], '2.3.': [498], 'Endocarditis': [499, 507, 1235, 1243, 1246, 1259, 1265, 1271, 1286, 1293, 1300, 1361, 1666, 1777, 2664], 'Rheumatic': [501, 522, 1653, 1782], 'Fever': [502, 523], 'Prophylaxis': [503, 508, 524, 1362, 1773], '2.3.1.': [506], '5': [512, 1964, 2725], '(DELETED)': [513, 520], '6(UPDATED)': [515], '7(UPDATED)': [517], '8': [519], '2.3.2.': [521], 'e538': [525, 529, 533, 537], '2.3.2.1.': [526], 'Considerations': [528, 659, 794, 903, 946, 1087, 1525], '2.3.2.2.': [530], 'Primary': [531], 'Prevention': [532, 536, 845], '2.3.2.3.': [534], 'Secondary': [535], 'Specific': [538, 1328, 1709, 1743], 'Lesions': [540, 1329, 1711, 1740], 'e539': [541, 545, 548, 555], '3.1.': [542], 'Aortic': [543, 578, 608, 614, 638, 653, 665, 673, 687, 747, 751, 779, 788, 801, 1131, 1162, 1178, 1191, 1340, 1344, 1422, 1437, 1443, 1453, 1546, 1555, 1561, 1571, 1583, 1591, 1599, 1609, 1625, 1633, 1714, 1718, 1750, 1927, 1932], 'Stenosis': [544, 554, 579, 609, 810, 824, 890, 1129, 1143, 1176, 1179, 1192, 1333, 1341, 1349, 1423, 1438, 1462, 1494, 1503, 1517, 1715, 1723, 1735, 1751], '3.1.1.': [546], '3.1.1.1.': [549], 'Grading': [550], 'Degree': [552], '3.1.2.': [556], 'Pathophysiology': [557, 677, 691, 813, 919, 962, 978, 1107, 1135, 1149, 1166, 1182, 1198, 1211, 1426, 1470, 1497], 'e540': [558, 562], '3.1.3.': [559], 'Natural': [560, 694, 815, 921, 980], 'History': [561, 695, 816, 922, 981], '3.1.4.': [563], 'Asymptomatic': [567, 623, 698, 707, 774, 930, 973, 1047, 1057, 1431], 'e541': [569], '3.1.4.1.': [570], '(Imaging,': [572], 'Spectral,': [573], 'Color': [575], 'Doppler)': [576], 'in': [577, 660, 795, 822, 1088, 1247, 1255, 1264, 1270, 1281, 1306, 1391, 1404, 1414, 1446, 1478, 1488, 1504, 1515, 1554, 1812, 1835, 1862, 1870, 1890, 1903, 1935, 1978, 1992, 2065, 2071, 2138, 2256, 2380, 2485, 2518, 2534, 2605, 2619, 2692, 2837, 2849, 2929, 2953, 2990, 2994, 3038, 3049, 3101, 3141, 3242, 3254, 3268, 3279, 3295, 3306, 3319, 3389, 3443, 3472, 3483, 3539, 3590, 3635, 3693, 3699], 'e542': [580, 584], '3.1.4.2.': [581], '3.1.4.3.': [585], 'Serial': [586, 735, 859, 999], 'Evaluations': [587], 'e543': [588, 593, 599, 605], '3.1.4.4.': [589], 'Medical': [590, 643, 725, 827, 831, 837, 843, 968, 1011], 'Therapy': [591, 644, 726, 828, 969, 1012, 1171, 1187, 1203, 1239, 1567, 1787, 1803, 1811, 1822, 1834], '3.1.4.5.': [594], 'Activity': [596, 730, 854, 1006], '3.1.5.': [600], 'Indications': [601, 612, 739, 745, 819, 870, 877, 885, 987, 993, 1015, 1021, 1031, 1252, 1278, 1441, 1485, 1511], '3.1.6.': [606], 'Low-Flow/Low-Gradient': [607], 'e544': [610, 617], '3.1.7.': [611], 'Replacement': [616, 655, 749, 790, 1081, 1585, 1593, 1929, 1934], '3.1.7.1.': [618], 'Symptomatic': [619, 715, 756, 766, 866, 940, 1038, 1049], 'e545': [621], '3.1.7.2.': [622], 'e546': [625, 636, 641], '3.1.7.3.': [626], 'Undergoing': [628, 1937], 'Coronary': [629, 1887, 1900, 1913, 1920, 1938, 1950], 'Artery': [630, 1888, 1901, 1914, 1921, 1939, 1951], 'Bypass': [631, 1940], 'or': [632, 750, 898, 1048, 1082, 1257, 1433, 1673, 1828, 1996, 2097, 2186, 2191, 2219, 2273, 2288, 2327, 2368, 2372, 2506, 2807, 2856, 2868, 2963, 3001, 3118, 3121, 3215, 3239, 3373, 3410, 3436, 3513, 3526, 3585, 3620, 3664, 3668], 'Surgery': [635, 887, 1023, 1028, 1280, 1289, 1296, 1368, 1548, 1557, 1640, 1694, 1941], '3.1.8.': [637], 'Balloon': [639, 881, 1444, 1513], 'Valvotomy': [640, 882, 897, 1445, 1514], '3.1.9.': [642], 'Inoperable': [647], 'e547': [649, 656, 663, 667, 670], '3.1.10.': [650], 'After': [652, 787, 896, 1078], '3.1.11.': [657], 'Special': [658, 793, 902, 1086, 3168], 'Elderly': [662, 797, 1090], '3.2.': [664], 'Regurgitation': [666, 674, 688, 950, 959, 975, 1072, 1132, 1146, 1160, 1163, 1195, 1337, 1345, 1454, 1458, 1490, 1522, 1719, 1727, 1731, 1759], '3.2.1.': [668], 'Etiology': [669, 953], '3.2.2.': [671], 'Acute': [672, 956, 1284], 'e548': [675, 678, 681, 684, 689, 692], '3.2.2.1.': [676], '3.2.2.2.': [679], 'Diagnosis': [680, 719, 965, 984, 1110, 1152, 1169, 1185, 1201, 1214, 1911], '3.2.2.3.': [682], 'Treatment': [683, 1275, 1885, 1918], '3.2.3.': [685], 'Chronic': [686, 972], '3.2.3.1.': [690], '3.2.3.2.': [693], 'e549': [696, 705], '3.2.3.2.1.': [697], 'Normal': [701, 759, 1041, 1060], 'Left': [702, 760, 769, 1042, 1052, 1061, 1614], 'Ventricular': [703, 761, 770, 1043, 1053, 1062], 'Function': [704, 712, 763, 1044, 1063], '3.2.3.2.2.': [706], 'Depressed': [710], 'Systolic': [711, 762], 'e550': [713], '3.2.3.2.3.': [714], 'e551': [717], '3.2.3.3.': [718], 'Initial': [721], 'e552': [723], '3.2.3.4.': [724], 'e553': [727], '3.2.3.5.': [728], 'e554': [733], '3.2.3.6.': [734], 'e555': [737, 743], '3.2.3.7.': [738], '3.2.3.8.': [744], 'Repair': [753, 1083, 1611, 1645], 'e556': [754, 764], '3.2.3.8.1.': [755], '3.2.3.8.2.': [765], 'Dysfunction': [771, 1054], 'e557': [772, 776], '3.2.3.8.3.': [773], '3.2.4.': [777], 'Concomitant': [778, 1946], 'Root': [780], 'e558': [782, 791], '3.2.5.': [783], '3.2.6.': [792], 'e559': [798, 807], '3.3.': [799], 'Bicuspid': [800], 'Dilated': [804], 'Ascending': [805], 'Aorta': [806, 1616], '3.4.': [808], 'Mitral': [809, 823, 880, 889, 914, 949, 958, 974, 1033, 1071, 1079, 1128, 1142, 1159, 1175, 1194, 1332, 1336, 1457, 1461, 1638, 1643, 1649, 1659, 1664, 1669, 1680, 1687, 1722, 1726, 1758], 'e560': [811, 817], '3.4.1.': [812], '3.4.2.': [818], 'e561': [825], '3.4.3.': [826], 'e563': [829, 835, 841], '3.4.3.1.': [830], 'Therapy:': [832, 838, 844], '3.4.3.2.': [836], 'Atrial': [839, 1066], 'Fibrillation': [840, 1067], '3.4.3.3.': [842], 'Systemic': [847], 'Embolization': [848], 'e564': [849], '3.4.4.': [850], 'Recommendations': [851, 3252], 'Regarding': [852], 'e565': [857, 861, 868, 875], '3.4.5.': [858], '3.4.6.': [862], '3.4.7.': [869], 'Invasive': [872, 1826], 'Hemodynamic': [873], '3.4.8.': [876], 'Percutaneous': [879], 'e568': [883], '3.4.9.': [884], 'e570': [891], '3.4.10.': [892], 'Commissurotomy': [899], 'e572': [900, 904, 908, 912], '3.4.11.': [901], '3.4.11.1': [905], 'Pregnant': [906, 1392], '3.4.11.2.': [909], 'Older': [910], '3.5.': [913], 'Prolapse': [916], 'e573': [917, 923], '3.5.1.': [918], '3.5.2.': [924], 'e574': [933, 943], '3.5.3.': [934], '3.5.4.': [944], 'Surgical': [945, 1524], 'e576': [947, 951, 954, 960, 963, 966, 970], '3.6.': [948], '3.6.1.': [952], '3.6.2.': [955], 'Severe': [957], '3.6.2.1.': [961], '3.6.2.2.': [964], '3.6.2.3.': [967], '3.6.3.': [971], 'e577': [976, 982, 985, 991], '3.6.3.1.': [977], '3.6.3.2.': [983], '3.6.3.3.': [986], 'Transthoracic': [989, 1262], '3.6.3.4.': [992], 'Transesophageal': [995, 1268], 'e578': [997, 1001], '3.6.3.5.': [998], '3.6.3.6.': [1002], 'e579': [1009, 1013, 1019, 1024, 1029], '3.6.3.7.': [1010], '3.6.3.8.': [1014], '3.6.4.': [1020], '3.6.4.1.': [1025], 'Types': [1026], '3.6.4.2.': [1030], 'Operation': [1035, 1689], 'e580': [1036], '3.6.4.2.1.': [1037], 'e581': [1045, 1055, 1064], '3.6.4.2.2.': [1046], '3.6.4.2.3.': [1056], '3.6.4.2.4.': [1065], 'e582': [1068], '3.6.5.': [1069], 'Ischemic': [1070, 1658], 'e583': [1073], '3.6.6.': [1074], 'e584': [1084, 1091, 1096, 1099, 1105, 1108, 1111, 1118], '3.6.7.': [1085], '3.7.': [1092], 'Multiple': [1093], '3.7.1.': [1097], '3.7.2.': [1100], 'Mixed': [1101], 'Single': [1102], '3.7.2.1.': [1106], '3.7.2.2.': [1109], '3.7.2.2.1.': [1112], 'Two-Dimensional': [1113], 'Doppler': [1115], 'Echocardiographic': [1116], 'Studies': [1117], '3.7.2.2.2.': [1119], 'e585': [1122, 1125, 1133, 1136, 1139, 1147, 1150, 1153, 1156], '3.7.2.3.': [1123], '3.7.3.': [1126], 'Combined': [1127, 1141, 1158, 1174, 1190], '3.7.3.1.': [1134], '3.7.3.2.': [1137], '3.7.4.': [1140], 'Tricuspid': [1145, 1206, 1352, 1465, 1475, 1489, 1692, 1730, 1734], '3.7.4.1.': [1148], '3.7.4.2.': [1151], '3.7.4.3.': [1154], '3.7.5.': [1157], 'e586': [1164, 1167, 1172, 1180, 1183, 1188, 1196, 1199, 1204, 1209, 1212], '3.7.5.1.': [1165], '3.7.5.2.': [1168], '3.7.6.': [1173], '3.7.6.1.': [1181], '3.7.6.2.': [1184], '3.7.7.': [1189], '3.7.7.1.': [1197], '3.7.7.2.': [1200], '3.8.': [1205], '3.8.1.': [1210], '3.8.2.': [1213], 'e587': [1215, 1218], '3.8.3.': [1216], '3.9.': [1219], 'Drug-Related': [1220], 'e588': [1224, 1229], '3.10.': [1225], 'Radiation': [1226], 'Infective': [1234, 1285, 1776, 2663], 'e589': [1236, 1240, 1244], '4.1.': [1237], 'Antimicrobial': [1238], '4.2.': [1241], 'Culture-Negative': [1242], '4.3.': [1245], 'HIV-Seropositive': [1248], 'e590': [1250], '4.4.': [1251], 'Suspected': [1256], 'Known': [1258], 'e591': [1260], '4.4.1.': [1261], 'e592': [1266, 1272], '4.4.2.': [1267], '4.5.': [1273], 'Outpatient': [1274, 1855], 'e593': [1276, 1287], '4.6.': [1277], '4.6.1.': [1288], 'Native': [1291], 'e595': [1294], '4.6.2.': [1295], 'Prosthetic': [1298, 1396, 1767, 1845, 1880], 'e596': [1301, 1308, 1314], 'Pregnancy': [1307, 1313, 1373], '5.1.': [1309], 'Physiological': [1310], 'Changes': [1311], '5.2.': [1315], 'Examination': [1317], 'e598': [1318, 1321, 1326], '5.3.': [1319], '5.4.': [1322], '5.5.': [1327], 'e599': [1330, 1334, 1338, 1342], '5.5.1.': [1331], '5.5.2.': [1335], '5.5.3.': [1339], '5.5.4.': [1343], 'e601': [1346, 1350, 1355, 1359, 1364, 1369], '5.5.5.': [1347], 'Pulmonic': [1348, 1493, 1502, 1516, 1604, 1738], '5.5.6.': [1351], '5.5.7.': [1356], 'Marfan': [1357], 'Syndrome': [1358], '5.6.': [1360], '5.7.': [1365], '5.8.': [1370], 'Anticoagulation': [1371, 1389, 1807], 'During': [1372, 1752, 1760, 1800], 'e602': [1374, 1377, 1381, 1385, 1398], '5.8.1.': [1375], 'Warfarin': [1376, 1821], '5.8.2.': [1378], 'Unfractionated': [1379], 'Heparin': [1380], '5.8.3.': [1382], 'Low-Molecular-Weight': [1383], 'Heparins': [1384], '5.8.4.': [1386], 'Selection': [1387, 1400, 1623, 1635, 1677, 1698], 'Regimen': [1390], 'Mechanical': [1395, 1560, 1572, 1790, 1815], 'Valves': [1397, 1574, 1769, 1791, 1795, 1816, 1847], '5.9.': [1399], 'Prostheses': [1403, 1563, 1627, 1671], 'Young': [1405, 1417, 1434, 1449, 1481, 1507], 'Women': [1406, 1700], 'e604': [1407, 1420, 1424, 1427, 1439], 'Congenital': [1410], 'Adolescents': [1415, 1432, 1447, 1479, 1505], 'Adults': [1418, 1435, 1450, 1482, 1508], '6.1.': [1421], '6.1.1.': [1425], '6.1.2.': [1428], '6.1.3.': [1440], 'e605': [1451], '6.2.': [1452], 'e606': [1455], '6.3.': [1456], 'e607': [1459], '6.4.': [1460], 'e608': [1463, 1468, 1471], '6.5.': [1464], '6.5.1.': [1469], '6.5.2.': [1472], 'e609': [1483, 1491], '6.5.3.': [1484], 'Intervention': [1487], '6.6.': [1492], 'e610': [1495, 1498, 1509, 1519], '6.6.1.': [1496], '6.6.2.': [1499], '6.6.3.': [1510], '6.7.': [1520], 'Pulmonary': [1521], 'e611': [1523], 'e612': [1526, 1544], '7.1.': [1527], 'Surgery/Society': [1532], 'Clinical': [1538, 1744], 'Reporting': [1539], 'Complications': [1543, 1865, 1873], '7.2.': [1545], 'e614': [1549, 1558, 1564, 1575, 1581, 1589], '7.2.1.': [1550], 'Risks': [1551], 'Strategies': [1553], '7.2.2.': [1559], '7.2.2.1.': [1565], 'Antithrombotic': [1566, 1786, 1802, 1833], '7.2.3.': [1576], 'Stented': [1577, 1587], 'Nonstented': [1579], 'Heterografts': [1580, 1588, 1596], '7.2.3.1.': [1582], '7.2.3.2.': [1590], 'Stentless': [1595], 'e616': [1597, 1602, 1607], '7.2.4.': [1598], 'Homografts': [1601], '7.2.5.': [1603], 'Autotransplantation': [1606], '7.2.6.': [1608], 'e617': [1612, 1618, 1628], '7.2.7.': [1613], 'Ventricle–to–Descending': [1615], 'Shunt': [1617], '7.2.8.': [1619], 'Comparative': [1620], 'Trials': [1621], '7.2.9.': [1629], 'Major': [1630], 'Criteria': [1631], 'e618': [1636, 1641], '7.3.': [1637], '7.3.1.': [1642], 'e619': [1646, 1651, 1656, 1662], '7.3.1.1.': [1647], 'Myxomatous': [1648], '7.3.1.2.': [1652], '7.3.1.3.': [1657], '7.3.1.4.': [1663], 'e620': [1667, 1675, 1683, 1690], '7.3.2.': [1668], '(Mechanical': [1672], 'Bioprostheses)': [1674], '7.3.2.1.': [1676], 'Prosthesis': [1682], '7.3.2.2.': [1684], 'Choice': [1685], '7.4.': [1691], 'e621': [1695, 1704, 1707], '7.5.': [1696], 'Childbearing': [1702], 'Age': [1703], 'Intraoperative': [1705], 'Assessment': [1706], '8.1.': [1708], 'e622': [1712, 1716, 1720, 1724], '8.1.1.': [1713], '8.1.2.': [1717], '8.1.3.': [1721], '8.1.4.': [1725], 'e623': [1728, 1732, 1736, 1741, 1746, 1754, 1762], '8.1.5.': [1729], '8.1.6.': [1733], '8.1.7.': [1737], '8.2.': [1742], 'Scenarios': [1745], '8.2.1.': [1747], 'Previously': [1748, 1756], 'Undetected': [1749, 1757], 'CABG': [1753, 1761], '8.2.2.': [1755], 'e624': [1770, 1774, 1778, 1784, 1788], '9.1.': [1771], 'Antibiotic': [1772], '9.1.1.': [1775], '9.1.2.': [1779], 'Recurrence': [1780], 'Carditis': [1783], '9.2.': [1785], '9.2.1.': [1789], 'e625': [1792, 1796], '9.2.2.': [1793], 'Biological': [1794], '9.2.3.': [1797], 'Embolic': [1798], 'Events': [1799], 'Adequate': [1801], 'e626': [1804, 1808, 1831], '9.2.4.': [1805], 'Excessive': [1806], '9.2.5.': [1809], 'Bridging': [1810], 'Who': [1817, 1837], 'Require': [1818], 'Interruption': [1819], 'Noncardiac': [1824], 'Surgery,': [1825], 'Procedures,': [1827], 'Dental': [1829], 'Care': [1830], '9.2.6.': [1832], 'Need': [1838], 'Catheterization/Angiography': [1840], 'e627': [1841, 1848], '9.2.7.': [1842], 'Thrombosis': [1843], '9.3.': [1849], 'Follow-Up': [1850, 1860, 1868], 'Visits': [1851, 1861, 1869], 'e628': [1852, 1858], '9.3.1.': [1853], 'First': [1854], 'Postoperative': [1856], 'Visit': [1857], '9.3.2.': [1859], 'Without': [1864], 'e629': [1866, 1874, 1882], '9.3.3.': [1867], '9.4.': [1875], 'Reoperation': [1876], 'Replace': [1878], 'e630': [1896, 1909, 1916], '10.1.': [1897], 'Probability': [1898], '10.2.': [1910], '10.3.': [1917], 'at': [1923, 2411, 3754], 'Time': [1925], 'e631': [1930, 1942], '10.4.': [1931], '10.5.': [1943], 'MV': [1947], 'e632References': [1953], 'e633Appendix': [1954], 'e656Appendix': [1956], '2': [1957, 2461, 2923], 'e657Appendix': [1958], '3': [1959, 2510], 'e659Appendix': [1960, 1963], '4': [1961, 2723], 'e660Preamble': [1966], '(Updated)It': [1967], 'is': [1968, 2081, 2093, 2374, 2577, 2629, 2873, 2917, 3011, 3195, 3353, 3378, 3401, 3412, 3422, 3442, 3449, 3460, 3468, 3488, 3537, 3628, 3666, 3739], 'important': [1969, 2102, 2896, 3631], 'that': [1970, 2026, 2211, 2278, 2321, 2346, 2471, 2527, 2614, 2674, 2786, 2901, 3207, 3218, 3289, 3315, 3328, 3355, 3407, 3465, 3625, 3660, 3702, 3708, 3741], 'medical': [1972, 2162, 2967, 3098], 'profession': [1973], 'play': [1974], 'significant': [1976, 2769], 'role': [1977], 'critically': [1979], 'evaluating': [1980], 'use': [1982, 3687], 'diagnostic': [1984, 2910, 2930, 3075], 'procedures': [1985, 2019, 2869, 2911, 2942], 'therapies': [1987, 2021, 2220], 'as': [1988, 2123, 2223, 2225, 2281, 2325, 2350, 2422, 2568, 2713, 3393, 3490, 3594], 'they': [1989, 2804], 'introduced': [1991], 'detection,': [1994], 'management,': [1995, 2500, 2968], 'prevention': [1997, 2502], 'disease': [1999, 2076, 3027, 3194, 3274, 3764], 'states.': [2000], 'Rigorous': [2001], 'expert': [2003, 2544, 3282], 'analysis': [2004], 'available': [2007, 3037, 3581], 'data': [2008, 2151, 2201, 2242, 2710, 2888, 3112, 3217], 'documenting': [2009], 'absolute': [2011], 'relative': [2013], 'benefits': [2014], 'risks': [2016], 'those': [2018, 2696, 3205], 'can': [2022], 'produce': [2023], 'helpful': [2024], 'guidelines': [2025, 2070, 2100, 2478, 2522, 2565, 2624, 2843, 2872, 3139, 3637, 3749, 3803], 'improve': [2027, 2560], 'effectiveness': [2029], 'care,': [2031], 'optimize': [2032], 'patient': [2033, 2209, 2561, 2595, 2604], 'outcomes,': [2034], 'favorably': [2036], 'affect': [2037, 2902], 'overall': [2039], 'cost': [2040, 2235], 'care': [2042, 2580, 2591], 'focusing': [2044], 'resources': [2045], 'effective': [2049], 'strategies.The': [2050], 'Cardiology': [2054], '(ACC)': [2055], '(AHA)': [2061], 'have': [2062, 2675, 2833, 2927, 2951, 3696], 'jointly': [2063], 'engaged': [2064], 'production': [2067], 'such': [2069, 2319, 3327, 3593, 3707], 'area': [2073], 'cardiovascular': [2075, 2103, 2854, 2861, 3008, 3763], 'since': [2077, 3158, 3178], '1980.': [2078], 'This': [2079], 'effort': [2080, 2267], 'directed': [2082], 'Guidelines,': [2090], 'whose': [2091], 'charge': [2092], 'develop,': [2095], 'update,': [2096], 'revise': [2098], 'practice': [2099, 2477, 2842, 3103, 3781], 'diseases': [2104, 2505], 'procedures.': [2106, 2862], 'Writing': [2107, 2169, 2332, 2686, 2738], 'committees': [2108, 2170, 2436], 'charged': [2110, 2173, 3135], 'with': [2111, 2344, 2364, 2443, 2457, 2469, 2705, 2731, 2767, 2775, 2945, 2974, 3025, 3136, 3615, 3807, 3814], 'task': [2113, 2400], 'performing': [2115], 'an': [2116, 2124, 2285, 3087, 3550, 3560, 3791], 'assessment': [2117], 'evidence': [2120, 2184, 2555, 3226, 3386, 3402, 3424, 3461, 3482, 3536], 'acting': [2122], 'independent': [2125], 'group': [2126, 2753, 2765], 'authors': [2128], 'develop': [2130, 2871], 'update': [2132], 'written': [2133, 3318, 3698], 'recommendations': [2134, 2255, 2539, 2650, 3073, 3108, 3288, 3294, 3314, 3382, 3532, 3576, 3692], 'clinical': [2136, 2246, 2486, 2984, 3102, 3501, 3583, 3632, 3643, 3658], 'practice.Experts': [2137], 'subject': [2140], 'under': [2141, 2711], 'consideration': [2142], 'selected': [2144, 2853], 'from': [2145, 2160, 2232, 2622, 2651, 2783, 2811, 2889, 2980, 3028, 3114, 3301, 3337, 3498, 3508, 3582, 3717], 'both': [2146, 3776], 'organizations': [2147], 'examine': [2149], 'subject-specific': [2150], 'write': [2153], 'guidelines.': [2154, 2894, 3364], 'The': [2155, 2382, 2587, 2863, 2977, 3130, 3143, 3785], 'process': [2156], 'includes': [2157, 3204], 'additional': [2158], 'representatives': [2159, 3767], 'other': [2161, 3005], 'practitioner': [2163], 'specialty': [2165], 'groups': [2166], 'where': [2167, 2200], 'appropriate.': [2168], 'specifically': [2172], 'perform': [2175], 'formal': [2177], 'literature': [2178, 3040, 3157], 'review,': [2179], 'weigh': [2180], 'strength': [2182], 'against': [2187], 'particular': [2189, 2217, 2594, 3662], 'treatment': [2190, 3022, 3190, 3411, 3557, 3567, 3811], 'procedure,': [2192], 'include': [2194], 'estimates': [2195], 'expected': [2197], 'health': [2198], 'outcomes': [2199, 2247], 'exist.': [2202], 'Patient-specific': [2203], 'modifiers,': [2204], 'comorbidities,': [2205], 'issues': [2207, 2998, 3809], 'preference': [2210], 'may': [2212, 2279, 2322, 2347, 3475, 3653], 'influence': [2213], 'choice': [2215], 'tests': [2218], 'considered,': [2222], 'well': [2224, 3451], 'frequency': [2226], 'follow-up.': [2228], 'When': [2229], 'available,': [2230, 2552, 3651], 'information': [2231, 2978, 3036, 3069], 'studies': [2233, 3120], 'will': [2236, 2248, 2390, 3357, 3743, 3751], 'be': [2237, 2249, 2323, 2348, 2391, 2597, 3476, 3654], 'considered;': [2238], 'however,': [2239], 'review': [2240, 2549, 2759], 'efficacy': [2244], 'primary': [2251], 'basis': [2252, 2570, 3096, 3286], 'preparing': [2254], 'these': [2257, 2564, 2623, 2975], 'guidelines.The': [2258], 'makes': [2265], 'every': [2266], 'avoid': [2269], 'any': [2270], 'actual,': [2271], 'potential,': [2272], 'perceived': [2274, 2324, 2349], 'conflicts': [2275, 2329], 'interest': [2277, 2290], 'arise': [2280], 'result': [2283], 'outside': [2286], 'relationship': [2287, 2343, 2363, 2774], 'personal': [2289], 'member': [2293, 2359, 2389, 2455, 2766], 'writing': [2296, 2303, 2357, 2387, 2409, 2420, 2435, 2453, 2694, 2752, 2764, 3132, 3689, 3796], 'committee.': [2297], 'Specifically,': [2298], 'all': [2299, 2318, 2405, 2608, 2703, 2715, 3186], 'members': [2300, 2334, 2406, 2679, 2754], 'committee': [2304, 2333, 2358, 2388, 2421, 2454, 3133, 3144, 3209, 3759], 'peer': [2306, 2466, 2716, 2741], 'reviewers': [2307, 2717], 'document': [2310, 2628, 3203, 3256, 3722], 'asked': [2312], 'provide': [2314], 'disclosure': [2315], 'statements': [2316, 2394], 'relationships': [2320, 2442, 2456, 2468, 2704, 2730], 'real': [2326], 'potential': [2328], 'interest.': [2331], 'also': [2336, 3543], 'strongly': [2337], 'encouraged': [2338], 'declare': [2340], 'previous': [2342], 'industry': [2345, 2365, 2444, 2458, 2470, 2706, 2732, 2776], 'relevant': [2351, 2707, 2777], 'guideline': [2353, 2378, 2434, 2538, 3297, 3309, 3695], 'development.': [2354], 'If': [2355, 2563], 'develops': [2360], 'new': [2362], 'during': [2366], 'his': [2367], 'her': [2369], 'tenure,': [2370], 'he': [2371], 'she': [2373], 'required': [2375, 2700, 2746], 'notify': [2377], 'staff': [2379], 'writing.': [2381], 'continued': [2383], 'participation': [2384], 'reviewed.': [2392], 'These': [2393, 2521, 2537, 2949], 'reviewed': [2396, 2417, 2789, 3065, 3145], 'parent': [2399], 'force,': [2401], 'reported': [2402, 3045], 'orally': [2403], 'panel': [2410], 'each': [2412, 3376], 'meeting,': [2413], 'updated': [2415, 2806, 3229], 'changes': [2423], 'occur.': [2424], 'Please': [2425], 'refer': [2426], 'methodology': [2429], 'manual': [2430, 3163], 'further': [2438], 'description': [2439], 'policy.1067': [2445], 'See': [2446, 2508], 'Appendix': [2447, 2460, 2509], 'list': [2451, 2513, 3682], 'listing': [2464, 2728, 3184, 3312], 'reviewer': [2467], 'pertinent': [2473, 3146], 'guideline.These': [2476], 'intended': [2480, 2558], 'assist': [2482, 2846], 'healthcare': [2483, 2601, 2847, 2881], 'providers': [2484, 2848, 2882], 'decision': [2487, 3099], 'making': [2488, 3100], 'describing': [2490], 'range': [2492], 'generally': [2494], 'acceptable': [2495], 'approaches': [2496], 'diagnosis,': [2499, 2955], 'specific': [2504], 'conditions.': [2507], 'abbreviated': [2515], 'terms': [2516], 'used': [2517, 2567, 3305], 'guideline.': [2520], 'attempt': [2523, 3804], 'define': [2525], 'practices': [2526], 'meet': [2528], 'needs': [2530], 'patients': [2533, 2907, 2944, 2960, 2973, 3024, 3813], 'circumstances.': [2536], 'reflect': [2540, 3231], 'consensus': [2542, 3126, 3520, 3659], 'opinion': [2545, 3127, 3429, 3521], 'after': [2546, 2757], 'thorough': [2548], 'current': [2553, 2627, 2802], 'scientific': [2554, 2957], 'care.': [2562], 'regulatory/payer': [2572], 'decisions,': 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