Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2158544588', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.033951', 'title': 'Activin/Nodal signalling maintains pluripotency by controlling Nanog expression', 'display_name': 'Activin/Nodal signalling maintains pluripotency by controlling Nanog expression', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-03-12', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2158544588', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.033951', 'mag': '2158544588', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19279133', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2687465'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.033951', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S86558740', 'display_name': 'Development', 'issn_l': '0950-1991', 'issn': ['0950-1991', '1477-9129'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311847', 'host_organization_name': 'The Company of Biologists', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The Company of Biologists'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2687465', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055529195', 'display_name': 'Ludovic Vallier', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3848-2602'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ludovic Vallier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016365229', 'display_name': 'Sasha Mendjan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7539-3951'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sasha Mendjan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068900348', 'display_name': 'Stephanie Brown', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-8099'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephanie Brown', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052247537', 'display_name': 'Zhenzhi Chng', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhenzhi Chng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066846439', 'display_name': 'Adrian Kee Keong Teo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-7075'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Adrian Teo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037977321', 'display_name': 'Lucy Smithers', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'display_name': 'University College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jx3x895', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lucy E. Smithers', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CR-UK Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research,University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'CR-UK Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research,University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081730157', 'display_name': 'Matthew Trotter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-915X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'display_name': 'University College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jx3x895', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthew W. B. Trotter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CR-UK Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research,University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.', 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'CR-UK Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research,University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085367467', 'display_name': 'Candy H.-H. Cho', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Candy H.-H. Cho', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086121366', 'display_name': 'Amélie Martinez', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154526488', 'display_name': 'Inserm', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02vjkv261', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154526488']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I277688954', 'display_name': 'Université Paris-Saclay', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03xjwb503', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I277688954']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Amelie Martinez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratoire de transfert de gènes dans le foie: applications thérapeutiques. Inserm U804, Université Paris XI, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratoire de transfert de gènes dans le foie: applications thérapeutiques. Inserm U804, Université Paris XI, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154526488', 'https://openalex.org/I277688954']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022728798', 'display_name': 'Peter J. Rugg‐Gunn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9601-5949'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter Rugg-Gunn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039479446', 'display_name': 'Gabrielle Brons', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gabrielle Brons', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021147008', 'display_name': 'Roger A. Pedersen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Roger A. Pedersen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery and Laboratory For Regenerative Medicine, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 16.271, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 420, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999984, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '136', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '1339', 'last_page': '1349'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10505', 'display_name': 'Induction and Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10505', 'display_name': 'Induction and Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12140', 'display_name': 'Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Development and Disease', 'score': 0.9968, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12264', 'display_name': 'Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine', 'score': 0.9925, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/germ-layer', 'display_name': 'Germ layer', 'score': 0.8075212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/epiblast', 'display_name': 'Epiblast', 'score': 0.77913725}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroectoderm', 'display_name': 'Neuroectoderm', 'score': 0.75946957}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/homeobox-protein-nanog', 'display_name': 'Homeobox protein NANOG', 'score': 0.7425218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanog-homeobox-protein', 'display_name': 'Nanog Homeobox Protein', 'score': 0.6470491}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/embryoid-body', 'display_name': 'Embryoid body', 'score': 0.57054704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nodal-signaling', 'display_name': 'Nodal signaling', 'score': 0.53552353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix', 'display_name': 'Extracellular Matrix', 'score': 0.525979}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rex1', 'display_name': 'Rex1', 'score': 0.45643675}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8601557}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18155467', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660498', 'display_name': 'Germ layer', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8075212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75059768', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519516', 'display_name': 'Epiblast', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.77913725}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777164004', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331858', 'display_name': 'Endoderm', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.77711105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135073763', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271432', 'display_name': 'Neuroectoderm', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.75946957}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207701140', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420522', 'display_name': 'Homeobox protein NANOG', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.7425218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780915607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323438', 'display_name': 'Mesoderm', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.705125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779329299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272474', 'display_name': 'Ectoderm', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.67463374}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6569594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83330619', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21124872', 'display_name': 'NODAL', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65449023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908926650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420522', 'display_name': 'Nanog Homeobox Protein', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6470491}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107459253', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674925', 'display_name': 'Induced pluripotent stem cell', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.61579543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143948831', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3384920', 'display_name': 'Embryoid body', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.57054704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145103041', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519', 'display_name': 'Embryonic stem cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.54061574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205583638', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7046607', 'display_name': 'Nodal signaling', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.53552353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207168726', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18050439', 'display_name': 'Rex1', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.45643675}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66332042', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5425488', 'display_name': 'FGF and mesoderm formation', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.4530227}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148738053', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210861', 'display_name': 'Cellular differentiation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42126837}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29095513}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129536746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141026', 'display_name': 'Gastrulation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.16654313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87073359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196', 'display_name': 'Embryogenesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.15713724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196843134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196', 'display_name': 'Embryo', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.13423589}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D028341', 'descriptor_name': 'Activins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018507', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018398', 'descriptor_name': 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055457', 'descriptor_name': 'Nodal Protein', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D039904', 'descriptor_name': 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015398', 'descriptor_name': 'Signal Transduction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D028341', 'descriptor_name': 'Activins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019485', 'descriptor_name': 'Bone Morphogenetic Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019485', 'descriptor_name': 'Bone Morphogenetic Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002454', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Differentiation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002478', 'descriptor_name': 'Cells, Cultured', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016222', 'descriptor_name': 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016222', 'descriptor_name': 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020869', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005855', 'descriptor_name': 'Germ Layers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000196', 'qualifier_name': 'embryology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005855', 'descriptor_name': 'Germ Layers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005855', 'descriptor_name': 'Germ Layers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018398', 'descriptor_name': 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018398', 'descriptor_name': 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000071317', 'descriptor_name': 'Nanog Homeobox Protein', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055457', 'descriptor_name': 'Nodal Protein', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D039904', 'descriptor_name': 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051899', 'descriptor_name': 'Smad2 Protein', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051899', 'descriptor_name': 'Smad2 Protein', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051900', 'descriptor_name': 'Smad3 Protein', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051900', 'descriptor_name': 'Smad3 Protein', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.033951', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S86558740', 'display_name': 'Development', 'issn_l': '0950-1991', 'issn': ['0950-1991', '1477-9129'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311847', 'host_organization_name': 'The Company of Biologists', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The Company of Biologists'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2687465', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687465', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19279133', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2687465', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 37, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1965279413', 'https://openalex.org/W1966758700', 'https://openalex.org/W1985310051', 'https://openalex.org/W1988871238', 'https://openalex.org/W1992949513', 'https://openalex.org/W1994758141', 'https://openalex.org/W2022399725', 'https://openalex.org/W2023745283', 'https://openalex.org/W2027246053', 'https://openalex.org/W2030535403', 'https://openalex.org/W2036552662', 'https://openalex.org/W2039458025', 'https://openalex.org/W2041573813', 'https://openalex.org/W2045523681', 'https://openalex.org/W2056089399', 'https://openalex.org/W2058521801', 'https://openalex.org/W2067163479', 'https://openalex.org/W2083857183', 'https://openalex.org/W2090260381', 'https://openalex.org/W2107575419', 'https://openalex.org/W2110301828', 'https://openalex.org/W2126851387', 'https://openalex.org/W2132729210', 'https://openalex.org/W2134128560', 'https://openalex.org/W2138977668', 'https://openalex.org/W2139206016', 'https://openalex.org/W2140909735', 'https://openalex.org/W2141694824', 'https://openalex.org/W2141991248', 'https://openalex.org/W2142046859', 'https://openalex.org/W2142482111', 'https://openalex.org/W2143297890', 'https://openalex.org/W2143763006', 'https://openalex.org/W2150163104', 'https://openalex.org/W2161949020', 'https://openalex.org/W2172111284', 'https://openalex.org/W3210418'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4298055369', 'https://openalex.org/W2778387768', 'https://openalex.org/W2158544588', 'https://openalex.org/W2142329627', 'https://openalex.org/W2135567557', 'https://openalex.org/W2127226838', 'https://openalex.org/W2073061652', 'https://openalex.org/W2063334316', 'https://openalex.org/W2044911975', 'https://openalex.org/W1992488668'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 61], 'pluripotent': [1, 52, 151], 'status': [2, 152], 'of': [3, 30, 38, 50, 100, 128, 153], 'embryonic': [4], 'stem': [5, 77], 'cells': [6, 29, 53, 78], '(ESCs)': [7], 'confers': [8], 'upon': [9], 'them': [10], 'the': [11, 16, 28, 31, 39, 48, 81, 101, 125, 129, 135, 150], 'capacity': [12], 'to': [13, 67], 'differentiate': [14], 'into': [15, 54], 'three': [17], 'primary': [18], 'germ': [19], 'layers,': [20], 'ectoderm,': [21], 'mesoderm': [22], 'and': [23, 73, 109, 123, 145, 156], 'endoderm,': [24], 'from': [25], 'which': [26, 85], 'all': [27], 'adult': [32], 'body': [33], 'are': [34], 'derived.': [35], 'An': [36], 'understanding': [37], 'mechanisms': [40, 83], 'controlling': [41], 'pluripotency': [42, 69, 103], 'is': [43, 65], 'thus': [44], 'essential': [45], 'for': [46, 58], 'driving': [47], 'differentiation': [49, 118], 'human': [51, 71, 107, 154], 'cell': [55], 'types': [56], 'useful': [57], 'clinical': [59], 'applications.': [60], 'Activin/Nodal': [62, 96], 'signalling': [63, 97, 122], 'pathway': [64], 'necessary': [66], 'maintain': [68], 'in': [70, 74, 106, 110, 114, 143], 'ESCs': [72, 108, 155], 'mouse': [75, 111, 157], 'epiblast': [76], '(EpiSCs),': [79], 'but': [80], 'molecular': [82], 'by': [84, 120], 'it': [86], 'achieves': [87], 'this': [88], 'effect': [89], 'remain': [90], 'obscure.': [91], 'Here,': [92], 'we': [93], 'demonstrate': [94], 'that': [95], 'controls': [98], 'expression': [99], 'key': [102], 'factor': [104], 'Nanog': [105, 113], 'EpiSCs.': [112, 158], 'turn': [115], 'prevents': [116], 'neuroectoderm': [117, 144], 'induced': [119], 'FGF': [121], 'limits': [124], 'transcriptional': [126], 'activity': [127], 'Smad2/3': [130], 'cascade,': [131], 'blocking': [132], 'progression': [133], 'along': [134], 'endoderm': [136], 'lineage.': [137], 'This': [138], 'negative-feedback': [139], 'loop': [140], 'imposes': [141], 'stasis': [142], 'mesendoderm': [146], 'differentiation,': [147], 'thereby': [148], 'maintaining': [149]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2158544588', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 42}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T16:46:49.249741', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}