Radiation Risks From Cardiovascular Imaging Tests

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Felix G. Meinel; John W. Nance; Brett S. Harris; Carlo N. De Cecco; Philip Costello; U. Joseph Schoepf
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'physical': [581], 'entity': [582], 'penetrates': [584], 'human': [586], 'body': [587, 2673], 'yet': [588], 'defies': [589], 'perception,': [590], 'emotionally': [592], 'laden': [593], 'triggers': [595], 'archetypical': [596], 'angst': [597], 'many.': [599], 'In': [600, 1318, 1397, 1746, 1951, 2670], 'recent': [601, 869, 1308], 'years,': [602, 1309], 'considerable': [604, 663, 999], 'number': [605, 902, 2779], 'alarmist': [607], 'reports': [608, 870], 'raised': [610], 'specter': [612], 'cancer': [614, 743, 814, 839, 855, 872, 908, 960, 984, 1053, 1110, 1119, 1143, 1833, 2117, 2210, 2241], 'risk': [615, 785, 890, 982, 1005, 1054, 1161, 1521, 1685, 1703, 1764, 1829, 1852, 1873, 2208, 2295, 2339, 2366, 2657, 2792], 'from': [616, 677, 694, 739, 754, 799, 810, 874, 887, 910, 944, 985, 1112, 1121, 1131, 1227, 1275, 1325, 1349, 1357, 1438, 1582, 1654, 1689, 1707, 1834, 1903, 1938, 2058, 2069, 2118, 2156, 2215, 2243, 2288, 2371, 2426, 2588, 2615, 2624, 2715, 2774, 3805, 3810], 'commonly': [617, 915, 1083, 1891], 'prescribed': [618], 'imaging': [619, 678, 697, 741, 812, 876, 912, 1015, 1214, 1248, 1258, 1292, 1392, 1512, 1546, 1569, 1649, 1729, 1757, 1771, 1840, 1940, 1969, 2074, 2121, 2593, 2776], 'tests.1–3': [620], 'These': [621, 1045], 'publications': [622], 'received': [624, 1836], 'widespread': [625], 'dissemination': [626], 'lay': [629], 'media,': [630], 'often': [631, 1814], 'sensationalist': [634], 'manner,': [635], 'so': [636], 'medical': [637, 740, 811, 875, 1014, 1113, 1939, 1968, 2422, 2775], 'professionals': [638], 'are': [639, 686, 877, 885, 913, 996, 1018, 1047, 1166, 1218, 1265, 1542, 1571, 1641, 1890, 2106], 'increasingly': [640], 'confronted': [641], 'by': [642, 1335, 1367, 1446, 1765, 1943, 2006, 2101, 3116], 'above': [644, 1145], 'patient': [645, 1553, 1761, 2068, 2654], 'scenario': [646], 'its': [648], 'many': [649, 1398], 'variations.': [650], 'Public': [651], 'concerns': [652], 'prompted': [654], 'US': [656, 3701], 'Food': [657], 'Drug': [659], 'Administration': [660], 'devote': [662], 'attention': [664], 'radiation': [666, 675, 738, 809, 896, 935, 967, 1021, 1030, 1037, 1058, 1086, 1103, 1126, 1140, 1147, 1160, 1164, 1193, 1226, 1242, 1253, 1273, 1316, 1322, 1340, 1347, 1373, 1428, 1471, 1509, 1540, 1583, 1602, 1652, 1808, 1835, 1936, 2045, 2063, 2126, 2213, 2523, 2556, 2587, 2614, 2708, 2772, 3120, 3804, 3856, 4003], 'protection,': [667], 'some': [669], 'states': [670], 'mandated': [672], 'reporting': [673], 'doses': [676, 968, 1022, 1165, 1243, 1254, 1323, 1972, 2482, 2901], 'examinations.': [679], 'The': [680, 748, 972, 992, 1027, 1171, 1250, 1346, 1426, 1565, 1579, 1651, 1825, 2163, 2957, 3075, 3396], 'purposes': [681], 'this': [683, 937, 988, 1094, 1712], 'Clinician': [684], 'Update': [685], 'summarize': [688], 'evidence': [690, 733, 751, 804, 1130], 'on': [691, 766, 871, 880, 917, 1049, 2530, 2721, 2727, 2732, 2740, 2771, 2971, 3158], 'stochastic': [692, 1826, 2016, 2111], 'risks': [693, 873, 909, 1031, 1111, 1120, 1541, 1653, 1663, 1809, 1821, 1889, 1933, 1966, 2242, 2420, 2623, 2773, 2905, 3696], 'diagnostic': [695, 911, 1213, 1406, 1733, 2055, 2120, 2486, 2589, 2909, 3859], 'cardiovascular': [696, 1247, 1257, 1300, 1460, 1545, 1559, 1568, 1648, 1726, 1756, 1791, 1839], 'involving': [699], 'ionizing': [700, 2586, 2613], 'enable': [703], 'realistic': [705], 'appraisal': [706], 'risk,': [708, 2031], 'facilitate': [711], 'rational': [713], 'dialog': [714], 'between': [715, 737, 808, 1139, 1511], 'healthcare': [716], 'providers': [717], 'their': [719, 857, 1676], 'patients.Is': [720], 'There': [721, 1128], 'Direct': [722, 803], 'Evidence': [723, 3260], 'Cancer': [725, 2338, 2363, 3749], 'Involving': [730], 'Ionizing': [731, 922, 2390, 2406, 2707], 'Radiation?Direct': [732], 'association': [736, 807], 'induction': [744, 815], 'exceedingly': [746], 'scarce.': [747], 'most': [749, 914, 1177, 1219, 1644], 'convincing': [750], 'derived': [753, 886], '2': [755, 1361], 'recent,': [756], 'large,': [757], 'epidemiological': [758, 882], 'studies': [759, 781], 'young,': [761], 'predominantly': [762], 'pediatric': [763], 'populations.4,5': [764], 'Based': [765], '≈10': [767], 'year': [768], 'follow-up': [769, 1483], '178': [771], '000': [772, 775, 794], '680': [774], 'children': [776, 795, 1592], 'adolescents,': [778], 'respectively,': [779], 'these': [780, 1494, 1585, 1655, 1739, 1887], 'report': [782, 938, 975, 2166], 'incremental': [784, 836], '≈2': [787], '6': [789], 'excess': [790], 'cancers': [791, 1618], 'per': [792], '10': [793, 1326, 2129], 'young': [797, 1594, 1682, 2650], 'adults': [798, 1574, 1595], 'computed': [800, 1284, 2192, 2217, 2244, 2345, 3513], 'tomography': [801, 1435, 2193, 2218, 2346, 3514], '(CT).': [802], 'general': [818, 1537], 'adult': [819], 'population': [820, 1554], 'does': [821, 2555], 'not': [822, 878, 1516, 1753, 1898, 2065], 'exist.': [823, 1745], 'Much': [824], 'larger': [825], 'cohorts': [826], 'would': [827], 'likely': [828, 1715], 'be': [831, 1187, 1563, 1659, 1815, 1941, 1992], 'analyzed': [832], 'detect': [834], 'any': [835], 'increases': [837, 1055], 'rates': [840], 'because': [841, 1596], '≈38%': [842], 'women': [844], '44%': [846], 'men': [848], 'United': [851, 1236, 1280, 2088, 2250], 'States': [852, 2251], 'will': [853], 'develop': [854], 'during': [856, 1837, 4005], 'lifetime.6Cancer': [858], 'Tests:': [862], 'Estimates': [863, 906], 'ExtrapolationsThe': [865], 'overwhelming': [866], 'majority': [867, 1566], 'based': [879, 916, 1048], 'actual': [881], 'observations': [883, 943], 'extrapolation': [888, 1003, 1028, 1158], 'estimates': [891, 977], 'low': [893, 1034, 1125, 1895, 1990, 2048], 'levels': [894, 1035], 'multiplication': [898], 'large': [901, 2917], 'exposed': [904, 965, 2343], 'individuals.': [905], 'Biological': [919], 'Effects': [920], 'Radiation': [923, 2286, 2419, 2451, 2791, 2926, 3392, 3643, 3930], '(BEIR': [924], 'VII)': [925], 'report.7': [926], 'Among': [927], 'experiences': [928], 'other': [930, 2164], '(eg,': [931], 'occupational)': [932], 'sources': [933, 1277], 'exposure,': [936], 'chiefly': [939], 'takes': [940], 'into': [941, 1910], 'atomic': [946, 1122, 1132], 'bomb': [947], 'blasts': [948, 1123], 'Hiroshima': [950], 'Nagasaki': [952], 'describe': [954], 'statistically': [956], 'significant': [957], 'increase': [958], 'incidence': [961, 1144], 'Japanese': [963], 'survivors': [964, 1134], '≥100': [970], 'mSv.': [971, 1026], 'BEIR': [973, 1955, 2392], 'VII': [974, 1956], 'tabulates': [976], 'lifetime': [980, 1828, 1851, 1872, 2112], 'attributable': [981], 'exposure': [986, 1274, 1472, 2046, 2214, 2287, 2584, 4004], '100-mSv': [989], 'dose': [990, 1059, 1141, 1148, 1190, 1210, 1348, 1411, 1419, 1429, 1502, 1510, 1937, 2127, 2452, 2524], 'level.': [991], 'reported': [993], 'confidence': [994], 'intervals': [995], 'wide,': [997], 'allowing': [998, 1614], 'variability': [1000], 'toward': [1006], 'lower': [1008, 1163, 1589, 1848, 1869], 'or': [1009, 1199, 1621, 1625, 1666, 1673, 1678, 1724, 1843, 1858, 1908, 1978, 2152, 2350, 2369, 3294], 'higher': [1010], 'limits': [1011], 'confidence.Diagnostic': [1013], 'procedures': [1016, 1977, 1983, 2777, 2914], 'ordinarily': [1017], 'associated': [1019, 1244, 1315, 2211, 2903], 'below': [1024, 1191], '100': [1025, 1150], 'such': [1033, 1671], 'problematic': [1039], 'subject': [1041], 'substantial': [1043, 1304, 1637, 1763], 'uncertainties.': [1044], 'extrapolations': [1046], 'hypothesis': [1051], 'linearly': [1056], '(linear': [1060], 'no-threshold': [1061, 1072, 1173, 2134], 'model;': [1062], 'Figure': [1063, 1884], '1).': [1064], 'For': [1065], 'lack': [1066], 'better': [1068], 'data,': [1069], 'linear': [1071, 1137, 1172, 2133], 'model': [1073, 1095, 1174], 'currently': [1074], 'represents': [1075], 'reasonable,': [1077], 'conservative': [1078], 'compromise': [1079], 'thus': [1081], 'used': [1084, 1294], 'protection': [1087], 'policy.': [1088], 'However,': [1089], 'it': [1090, 1812, 2020], 'remains': [1091], 'uncertain': [1092], 'whether': [1093], 'accurately': [1096], 'reflects': [1097], 'biological': [1099], 'effect': [1100], 'low-level': [1102], 'suitable': [1106], 'prediction': [1108], 'imaging.8Download': [1114], 'figureDownload': [1115, 1238, 2076], 'PowerPointFigure': [1116, 1239, 2077], '1.': [1117], 'Extrapolating': [1118], 'doses.': [1127], 'blast': [1133], 'relationship': [1138], 'mSv': [1151, 1233, 1329, 1414, 1479, 1487, 1974, 1980], '(solid': [1152], 'line).': [1153], 'Various': [1154], 'hypotheses': [1155], 'shown': [1167, 1266], 'as': [1168, 1893, 1988, 2047, 2049, 2093, 2099], 'dotted': [1169], 'lines.': [1170], '(1)': [1175], 'widely': [1178], 'used,': [1179], 'others': [1181], 'suggested': [1183], 'there': [1185, 2029], 'may': [1186], 'threshold': [1189], 'which': [1192, 1230, 1310], 'harmless': [1195], '(2),': [1196], 'protective': [1197], '(3),': [1198], 'disproportionately': [1200], 'harmful': [1201], '(4).Radiation': [1202], 'Dose': [1203], 'Associated': [1204, 3929], 'With': [1205, 1801, 3756], 'TestsThe': [1208], 'effective': [1209, 1252, 1410, 1501, 1742, 1971, 2125], 'values': [1211], '(Figure': [1216], '2)': [1217], 'meaningful': [1220, 1343], 'compared': [1221, 1415], 'annual': [1224], 'background': [1225, 1272], 'natural': [1228, 1276], 'sources,': [1229], '≈3': [1232, 1331], 'States.Download': [1237], '2.': [1240], 'Effective': [1241, 2481, 2900, 3362], 'common': [1246, 1256, 1645, 2907], 'tests.': [1249, 1650], 'average': [1251, 1271, 1321, 1427, 1477], 'current': [1261, 2960], 'instruments': [1262], 'techniques': [1264, 1293], 'relation': [1268], 'States.': [1281, 2089], 'CT': [1282, 1350, 1388, 2289, 2455, 2459, 2540, 2647, 3164, 3246, 3261, 3290, 3297, 3325, 3572, 3866, 4058, 4064, 4089], 'indicates': [1283], 'tomography;': [1285], '18F-FDG-PET,': [1287], '18F-doxyglucose': [1288], 'positron': [1289, 1433], 'emission': [1290, 1434], 'tomography.The': [1291], 'clinical': [1296, 1768, 2629, 2972, 3873], 'practice': [1297], 'suspected': [1299, 1352, 1725, 1790], 'disease': [1301, 1461, 1792], 'undergone': [1303], 'technological': [1305], 'improvements': [1306], 'markedly': [1312], 'reduced': [1313, 1356], 'dose.': [1317], 'cardiac': [1319, 1344, 2592, 2617, 2710, 3512, 3806], 'CT,': [1320, 2537], 'fell': [1324], '20': [1328], 'mSv,9': [1332], 'example,': [1334, 1366, 1445], 'restricting': [1336], 'application': [1338, 1449], 'diagnostically': [1342], 'phases.': [1345], 'pulmonary': [1353, 1629, 2527], 'embolism': [1354], 'was': [1355], '15': [1358], 'mSv10': [1359, 1440], '5': [1363, 1442, 4192], 'mSv,11': [1364], 'algorithms': [1368], 'automatically': [1370], 'adapt': [1371], 'output': [1374], 'respective': [1377], 'portion': [1378], 'along': [1382], 'scanned': [1384], 'anatomic': [1385], 'volume.': [1386], 'Single-photon-emission': [1387], 'myocardial': [1390], 'perfusion': [1391], 'has': [1393, 1436, 1473, 2003], 'seen': [1394], 'similar': [1395], 'reductions.': [1396], 'situations,': [1399], 'low-dose': [1401], '99mTc-stress-only': [1402], 'protocol': [1403], 'provides': [1404], 'sufficient': [1405], 'information': [1407, 2056], '3': [1413], '22-mSv': [1418], 'classic': [1422], 'stress-rest': [1423], 'dual-isotope': [1424], 'protocol.10,12': [1425], 'cardiac18': [1431], 'Fluorodeoxyglucose': [1432], 'decreased': [1437, 1599], '14': [1439], 'mSv,12': [1443], 'more': [1447, 1455, 1693, 1717], 'stringent': [1448], 'weight-based': [1451], 'radiotracer': [1452], 'dosing': [1453], 'sensitive': [1456], 'detector': [1457], 'technologies.Patients': [1458], 'frequently': [1462], 'undergo': [1463], 'repeated': [1464], 'procedures,': [1467, 3710], 'cumulative': [1470], 'estimated': [1475, 1702, 2622], '16': [1478], '3-year': [1482], 'period': [1484, 1779], '64': [1486], 'over': [1488, 1984], '20-year': [1490], 'period.13': [1491], 'interpreting': [1493], 'numbers,': [1495], 'one': [1496], 'must': [1497], 'consider': [1498], 'useful': [1505], 'measure': [1506], 'compare': [1508], 'modalities': [1513], 'intended': [1517], 'estimate': [1519], 'specific': [1524], 'test': [1525, 1758], 'individual': [1528, 1902], 'patient.14Radiation': [1529], 'Patients': [1532], 'Undergoing': [1533], 'ExaminationsWhen': [1536], 'estimations': [1538], 'applied': [1543], 'examinations,': [1547], 'both': [1548, 1598], 'characteristics': [1550], 'spectrum': [1557], 'diseases': [1560, 3699], 'considered.': [1564], 'performed': [1572, 2247], '>50': [1575], 'years': [1576], 'age.': [1578], 'potential': [1580], 'harm': [1581], 'individuals': [1586], 'substantially': [1588], 'than': [1590, 1694, 1700, 1849, 1870], 'vulnerability': [1600], 'mature': [1604], 'tissues': [1605], 'increased': [1607], 'age': [1608], 'shorter': [1611], 'life': [1612], 'expectancy,': [1613], 'less': [1615], 'time': [1616, 1986], 'manifest.Suspected': [1620], 'known': [1622, 1723], 'coronary,': [1623], 'cerebrovascular,': [1624], 'peripheral': [1626], 'artery': [1627, 3114, 3520], 'disease,': [1628, 3521], 'embolism,': [1630], 'aortic': [1632], 'pathologies,': [1633, 1740], 'all': [1634, 2038], 'disorders': [1635], 'morbidity': [1638, 1691], 'mortality,': [1640], 'among': [1642], 'indications': [1646], 'weighed': [1660], 'against': [1661], 'missing': [1665], 'delaying': [1667], 'diagnosis': [1669], 'conditions': [1672], 'inaccurately': [1674], 'assessing': [1675], 'distribution': [1677], 'severity.': [1679], 'Even': [1680], 'patients,': [1683, 1811], 'death': [1687, 1705], 'resulting': [1688, 1706], 'underlying': [1690], 'order': [1696], 'magnitude': [1698], 'greater': [1699], 'long-term': [1708], 'radiation-induced': [1709, 1783, 2659], 'cancer.15': [1710], 'Thus,': [1711], 'consideration': [1713], 'even': [1716], 'relevant': [1718], 'older': [1720], 'patients': [1721], 'disease.': [1727], 'excellent': [1732], 'accuracy': [1734, 3860], 'detection': [1737], 'therapeutic': [1743, 1774, 2591], 'options': [1744], 'setting': [1748], 'appropriate': [1751], 'indication,': [1752], 'performing': [1754], 'places': [1759], 'withholding': [1766], 'benefits': [1769, 1947], 'guiding': [1773], 'management.': [1775], 'Furthermore,': [1776], 'latency': [1778], 'projections': [1781], 'malignancies': [1784], 'can': [1785, 1813, 2619], 'span': [1786], 'several': [1787], 'decades,': [1788], 'whereas': [1789], 'regularly': [1793], 'poses': [1794], 'imminent': [1796], 'threat': [1797], 'patient.Comparison': [1800], 'Everyday': [1804], 'LifeIn': [1805], 'discussions': [1806], 'helpful': [1816, 2145], 'provide': [1818], 'perspective': [1819], 'vis-à-vis': [1820], 'everyday': [1823, 1888], 'life.16': [1824], 'extrapolated': [1827, 2110], 'developing': [1831, 2115, 2368], 'fatal': [1832, 2116], 'examination': [1841, 2122, 2652], '(0.05%': [1842], '1': [1844], '2000)17': [1846], 'drowning': [1854], '(1': [1855, 1864, 1881], '1112)': [1857], 'dying': [1859, 1875, 2082, 2092, 2370], 'pedestrian': [1862], 'accident': [1863, 1880], '749)': [1866], '>10-fold': [1868], 'motor': [1878], 'vehicle': [1879], '108;': [1883], '3).': [1885], 'Nevertheless,': [1886], 'perceived': [1892], 'very': [1894], 'do': [1897], 'typically': [1899], 'prevent': [1900, 2066], 'swimming,': [1904], 'crossing': [1905], 'street,': [1907], 'getting': [1909], 'car.Statements': [1912], 'Recommendation': [1914], 'Professional': [1916], 'AssociationsThe': [1917], 'American': [1918, 1959, 2362, 2717, 2762, 3762, 4198], 'Association': [1919, 1960, 2719, 2763], 'Physicists': [1921, 1962, 2765], 'promulgated': [1924], 'professional': [1926], 'statement': [1927, 2002, 2770, 2796], 'urging': [1928], 'discussion': [1931], 'related': [1934], 'accompanied': [1942], 'acknowledgment': [1944], 'procedures.19': [1950], 'keeping': [1952], 'assumptions,': [1957], 'considers': [1965], '<50': [1973], 'single': [1976], '<100': [1979], 'multiple': [1982], 'short': [1985], 'periods': [1987], 'too': [1989], 'epidemiologically': [1993], 'detectable': [1994], 'potentially': [1996], 'nonexistent.': [1997], 'An': [1998], 'almost': [1999], 'identical': [2000], 'position': [2001, 2769, 2795], 'issued': [2005], 'Health': [2008, 2382, 2398, 2788, 2799], 'Physics': [2009, 2789, 2800], 'Society.20ConclusionsBecause': [2010], 'our': [2012, 2041], 'uncertainties': [2013], 'about': [2014], 'effects': [2017, 3802], 'reasonable': [2022], 'operate': [2024], 'under': [2025, 3555], 'assumption': [2027], 'however': [2032], 'small.': [2033], 'Accordingly,': [2034], 'we': [2035, 2620], 'should': [2036, 2064], 'use': [2037], 'means': [2039], 'disposal': [2042], 'keep': [2044], 'reasonably': [2050], 'achievable': [2051], 'without': [2052, 3119], 'compromising': [2053], 'gained': [2057], 'examination.': [2060], 'Fear': [2061], 'undergoing': [2070], 'medically': [2072], 'necessary': [2073], 'examination.Download': [2075], '3.': [2078], 'Lifetime': [2079, 2365], 'odds': [2080, 2113], 'selected': [2084], 'causes': [2085, 2098], 'Odds': [2090], 'result': [2095], 'various': [2097], 'provided': [2100], 'National': [2103, 2379, 2410, 2748], 'Safety': [2104, 3395], 'Council18': [2105], 'contrasted': [2107], 'mSv,': [2130], 'assuming': [2131], 'model.17AcknowledgmentsWe': [2135], 'thank': [2136], 'Walter': [2137], 'Huda,': [2138], 'critical': [2142], 'review': [2143], 'comments.DisclosuresDr': [2146], 'consultant': [2150], 'receives': [2153], 'research': [2154], 'support': [2155], 'Bayer,': [2157], 'Bracco,': [2158], 'GE,': [2159], 'Medrad,': [2160], 'Siemens.': [2162], 'authors': [2165], 'no': [2167], 'conflicts.FootnotesCorrespondence': [2168], 'FAHA,': [2174], '25': [2180], 'Courtenay': [2181], 'Dr,': [2182], 'Charleston,': [2183], 'SC': [2184], '29425-2260.': [2185], 'E-mail': [2186], '[email': [2187], 'protected]References1.': [2188], 'Smith-Bindman': [2189], 'R.': [2190], 'Is': [2191, 3361], 'safe?N': [2194], 'Engl': [2195], 'J': [2196, 2468, 2676, 2864, 3390, 3902], 'Med.': [2197, 2255], '2010;': [2198, 2601, 2633], '363:1–4.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [2199], 'Scholar2.': [2200], 'Einstein': [2201, 2549, 2565, 3636, 3798], 'AJ,': [2202, 2550, 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[3376], '10.1155/2018/5784567,': [3377], '2018,': [3378], '(1-4),': [3379], '3-Jul-2018.': [3383], 'Sandhu': [3384], 'Bhatia': [3386], 'G': [3387, 3852], 'Nolan': [3389], 'Training': [3399], 'Manual,': [3400], '10.1007/978-3-319-71635-0_7,': [3401], '(91-101),': [3402], 'Shen': [3404], 'Edelman': [3406], 'Robinson': [3408], 'Haji-Valizadeh': [3410], 'Messina': [3412], 'Giri': [3414], 'Koktzoglou': [3416], 'I,': [3417, 4111], 'Rigsby': [3418], 'Single-Shot': [3424], 'Quiescent-Interval': [3426], 'Slice-Selective': [3427], 'Magnetic': [3428], 'Resonance': [3429], 'Using': [3431], 'Compressed': [3432], 'Sensing,': [3433], 'Computer': [3436], 'Assisted': [3437], 'Tomography,': [3438, 4036], '10.1097/RCT.0000000000000760,': [3439], '42:5,': [3440], '(739-746),': [3441], "D'Abate": [3443], 'Oladokun': [3445], 'La': [3447], 'Leggia': [3448], 'Hinchliffe': [3450], 'Thompson': [3452], 'Holt': [3454], 'Bruin': [3457], 'Loftus': [3459], 'I': [3460], 'Patterson': [3462], 'Transthoracic': [3465], 'Ultrasound': [3466], 'Evaluation': [3467], 'Arch': [3469], 'Descending': [3471], 'Thoracic': [3472], 'European': [3475, 3880], 'Vascular': [3478], 'Endovascular': [3480], '10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.12.012,': [3482], '55:5,': [3483], '(658-665),': [3484], '1-May-2018.': [3488], 'Tesche': [3489], 'Ebersberger': [3491], 'Hoffmann': [3493], 'E': [3494], 'Aktueller': [3499], 'Stellenwert': [3500], 'der': [3501, 3505, 3507, 3890], 'kardialen': [3502], 'Computertomographie': [3503], 'Diagnostik': [3506], 'koronaren': [3508], 'HerzerkrankungCurrent': [3509], 'role': [3510], 'diagnostics': [3517], 'Der': [3522], 'Kardiologe,': [3523], '10.1007/s12181-018-0251-8,': [3524], '12:3,': [3525], '(217-230),': [3526], '1-Jun-2018.': [3530], 'Feasibility': [3547], 'effectiveness': [3549], 'percutaneous': [3551, 4010], 'balloon': [3552], 'mitral': [3553], 'valvuloplasty': [3554], 'echocardiographic': [3556], 'only,': [3558], 'Echocardiography,': [3559], '10.1111/echo.14055,': [3560], '35:10,': [3561], '(1507-1511),': [3562], '1-Oct-2018.': [3566], 'OBSOLETE:': [3570], 'Reference': [3580], 'Module': [3581], 'Biomedical': [3583], '10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.10956-0,': [3585], 'Biswas': [3587], 'Better': [3589], 'N,': [3590], 'Pascual': [3591], 'Mercuri': [3593], 'Vitola': [3595], 'Karthikeyan': [3597], 'Westcott': [3599], 'Alexánderson': [3601], 'E,': [3602, 3985, 3991, 4075], 'Allam': [3603], 'Al-Mallah': [3605], 'Bom': [3607], 'Bouyoucef': [3609], 'Flotats': [3611], 'Jerome': [3613], 'Kaufman': [3615], 'Lele': [3617], 'Luxenburg': [3619], 'O,': [3620, 4107], 'Mahmarian': [3621], 'Shaw': [3623], 'Underwood': [3625], 'Rehani': [3627], 'Kashyap': [3629], 'Dondi': [3631], 'Paez': [3633], '(2017)': [3638], 'Practices': [3641], 'Oceania': [3647], 'Region:': [3648], 'Results': [3649, 3918], 'IAEA': [3652], 'Protocols': [3655], 'Study': [3656], '(INCAPS),': [3657], 'Lung': [3659], 'Circulation,': [3661], '10.1016/j.hlc.2016.05.112,': [3662], '26:1,': [3663], '(25-34),': [3664], '1-Jan-2017.': [3668], 'Doody': [3671, 3725], 'Preston': [3675, 3729], 'Sigurdson': [3679, 3733], 'Freedman': [3681, 3735], 'Alexander': [3683, 3737], 'Linet': [3690, 3744], '(2015)': [3692, 3853, 3906, 3958, 4001, 4031, 4055], 'Incidence': [3693], 'mortality': [3695], 'circulatory': [3698], 'radiologic': [3702], 'technologists': [3703], 'who': [3704], 'worked': [3705], 'fluoroscopically': [3707], 'guided': [3708], 'interventional': [3709], '1994–2008,': [3711], 'Occupational': [3712], 'Environmental': [3714], '10.1136/oemed-2015-102888,': [3716], '73:1,': [3717], '(21-27),': [3718], '1-Jan-2016.': [3722], '(2016)': [3746, 3780, 3800], 'JOURNAL': [3747], 'CLUB:': [3748], 'U.S.': [3752], 'Radiologic': [3753, 3966], 'Technologists': [3754], 'Working': [3755], 'Fluoroscopically': [3757], 'Procedures,': [3760], '1994-2008,': [3761], 'Roentgenology,': [3765], '10.2214/AJR.15.15265,': [3766], '206:5,': [3767], '(1101-1109),': [3768], '1-May-2016.': [3772], 'Zanzonico': [3773], 'Dauer': [3775], 'Strauss': [3778], 'Radiobiology': [3781], 'Imaging,': [3784, 3787], 'JACC:': [3785], '10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.012,': [3788], '9:12,': [3789], '(1446-1461),': [3790], '1-Dec-2016.': [3794], 'Soman': [3795], 'Biologic': [3801], 'New': [3808], 'insights': [3809], 'proteomic': [3811], 'genomic': [3813], 'analyses,': [3814], '10.1007/s12350-016-0517-0,': [3819], '23:4,': [3820], '(754-757),': [3821], '1-Aug-2016.': [3825], 'Qi': [3836], 'Cao': [3838], 'Zhou': [3840], 'Zhao': [3842], 'Gong': [3846], 'Lu': [3851, 4146], 'quality,': [3855], 'dose,': [3857], 'prospectively': [3862], 'ECG-triggered': [3863], 'angiography': [3867, 4008], '70': [3869], 'kVp': [3870], 'setting:': [3874], 'comparison': [3875], 'invasive': [3877, 4006], 'angiography,': [3879], '10.1007/s00330-015-3868-z,': [3882], '26:3,': [3883], '(797-806),': [3884], '1-Mar-2016.': [3888], 'van': [3889], 'Zant': [3891], 'Wondergem': [3893], 'Lazarenko': [3895], 'Geenen': [3897], 'Umans': [3899], 'Cornel': [3901], 'Knol': 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