Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2112914804', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301760110', 'title': 'Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago', 'display_name': 'Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-05-20', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2112914804', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301760110', 'mag': '2112914804', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23690611', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3677428'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301760110', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/23/E2088.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/23/E2088.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016963253', 'display_name': 'J. H. Wittke', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I203172682', 'display_name': 'Northern Arizona University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0272j5188', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I203172682']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James H. Wittke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Geology Program, School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Geology Program, School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I203172682']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019136974', 'display_name': 'James C. Weaver', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-7359'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James C. Weaver', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091194549', 'display_name': 'T. E. Bunch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I203172682', 'display_name': 'Northern Arizona University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0272j5188', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I203172682']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ted E. Bunch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Geology Program, School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Geology Program, School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I203172682']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103905334', 'display_name': 'James P. Kennett', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154570441', 'display_name': 'University of California, Santa Barbara', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02t274463', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James P. Kennett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['cDepartment of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'cDepartment of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028926528', 'display_name': 'Douglas J. Kennett', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6144-7365'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Douglas J. Kennett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['dDepartment of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'dDepartment of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103133532', 'display_name': 'A. M. T. Moore', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-3869'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155173764', 'display_name': 'Rochester Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00v4yb702', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155173764']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew M. T. Moore', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155173764']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062584939', 'display_name': 'G. C. Hillman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'display_name': 'University College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jx3x895', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gordon C. Hillman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1H0PY, United Kingdom;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1H0PY, United Kingdom;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005365707', 'display_name': 'Kenneth B. Tankersley', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2474-6283'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I63135867', 'display_name': 'University of Cincinnati', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e3m7079', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I63135867']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kenneth B. Tankersley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Anthropology and Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Anthropology and Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I63135867']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071500754', 'display_name': 'Albert C. Goodyear', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155781252', 'display_name': 'University of South Carolina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02b6qw903', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155781252']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Albert C. Goodyear', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I155781252']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089479141', 'display_name': 'Christopher R. Moore', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3961-7626'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799909505', 'display_name': 'Savannah River National Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05vc7qy59', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2799909505', 'https://openalex.org/I4210093701']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155781252', 'display_name': 'University of South Carolina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02b6qw903', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155781252']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christopher R. Moore', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Savannah River Archaeological Research Program, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, New Ellenton, SC 29809;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Savannah River Archaeological Research Program, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, New Ellenton, SC 29809;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799909505', 'https://openalex.org/I155781252']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040419050', 'display_name': 'I. Randolph Daniel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0314-0514'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I186335123', 'display_name': 'East Carolina University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01vx35703', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I186335123']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'I. Randolph Daniel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I186335123']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113487780', 'display_name': 'Jack H. Ray', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I119942284', 'display_name': 'Missouri State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01d2sez20', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I119942284']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jack H. Ray', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Archaeological Research, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Archaeological Research, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I119942284']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066234644', 'display_name': 'Neal H. Lopinot', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I119942284', 'display_name': 'Missouri State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01d2sez20', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I119942284']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Neal H. Lopinot', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Archaeological Research, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Archaeological Research, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I119942284']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026593454', 'display_name': 'David Ferraro', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Ferraro', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Viejo California Associates, Joshua Tree, CA 92252;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Viejo California Associates, Joshua Tree, CA 92252;', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007466211', 'display_name': 'Isabel Israde-Alcántara', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9373-5353'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173755004', 'display_name': 'Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00z0kq074', 'country_code': 'MX', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173755004']}], 'countries': ['MX'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Isabel Israde-Alcántara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departamento de Geología y Mineralogía, Edificio U4, Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicólas de Hidalgo, C. P. 58060, Morelia, Michoacán, México;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departamento de Geología y Mineralogía, Edificio U4, Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicólas de Hidalgo, C. P. 58060, Morelia, Michoacán, México;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173755004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077611702', 'display_name': 'James L. Bischoff', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1286329397', 'display_name': 'United States Geological Survey', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035a68863', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1286329397', 'https://openalex.org/I1335927249']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James L. Bischoff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['nUS Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'nUS Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1286329397']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049688750', 'display_name': 'Paul S. DeCarli', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1298353152', 'display_name': 'SRI International', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05s570m15', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1298353152']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210099336', 'display_name': 'Menlo School', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01240pn49', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210099336']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul S. DeCarli', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1298353152', 'https://openalex.org/I4210099336']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011717316', 'display_name': 'Robert Hermes', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-9171'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1343871089', 'display_name': 'Los Alamos National Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e41cf67', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I1343871089', 'https://openalex.org/I198811213', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120050']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert E. Hermes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343871089']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023643422', 'display_name': 'J. B. Kloosterman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Johan B. Kloosterman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['qExploration Geologist, 1016 NN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'qExploration Geologist, 1016 NN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110982051', 'display_name': 'Zsolt Révay', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210097247', 'display_name': 'Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00ed5g627', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097247']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I62916508', 'display_name': 'Technical University of Munich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kkvpp62', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I62916508']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zsolt Revay', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097247', 'https://openalex.org/I62916508']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062332147', 'display_name': 'George A. Howard', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5691-8035'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'George A. Howard', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Restoration Systems, LLC, Raleigh, NC 27604;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Restoration Systems, LLC, Raleigh, NC 27604;', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056201151', 'display_name': 'David R. Kimbel', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David R. Kimbel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Kimstar Research, Fayetteville, NC 28312;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Kimstar Research, Fayetteville, NC 28312;', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011707511', 'display_name': 'G. Kletetschka', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0645-9037'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I21250087', 'display_name': 'Charles University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024d6js02', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I21250087']}], 'countries': ['CZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gunther Kletetschka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['uFaculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'uFaculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I21250087']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015202460', 'display_name': 'L. Nabelek', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I21250087', 'display_name': 'Charles University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024d6js02', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I21250087']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053avzc18', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551']}], 'countries': ['CZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ladislav Nabelek', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['uFaculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic;', 'vInstitute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Public Research Institute, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'uFaculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I21250087']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'vInstitute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Public Research Institute, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056747284', 'display_name': 'Carl P. Lipo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-3590'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I59897056', 'display_name': 'California State University, Long Beach', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0080fxk18', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I59897056']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Carl P. Lipo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['wInstitute for Integrated Research in Materials, Environments, and Society, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'wInstitute for Integrated Research in Materials, Environments, and Society, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I59897056']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075084971', 'display_name': 'Sachiko Sakai', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-3781'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I59897056', 'display_name': 'California State University, Long Beach', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0080fxk18', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I59897056']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sachiko Sakai', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['wInstitute for Integrated Research in Materials, Environments, and Society, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'wInstitute for Integrated Research in Materials, Environments, and Society, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I59897056']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065552605', 'display_name': 'Allen West', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3576-4847'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158314', 'display_name': 'Veroscience (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0596vwe73', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158314']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Allen West', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['xGeoScience Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'xGeoScience Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158314']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017393490', 'display_name': 'R. B. Firestone', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3833-5546'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I148283060', 'display_name': 'Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jbv0t02', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I148283060', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard B. Firestone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I148283060']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 6, 'institutions_distinct_count': 23, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.03, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 128, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999931, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '110', 'issue': '23', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10325', 'display_name': 'Astro and Planetary Science', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10406', 'display_name': 'Planetary Science and Exploration', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tonne', 'display_name': 'Tonne', 'score': 0.5941866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/deposition', 'display_name': 'Deposition', 'score': 0.55993235}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76758496', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191118', 'display_name': 'Tonne', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5941866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64297162', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070', 'display_name': 'Deposition (geology)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55993235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46144572}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17409809', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764', 'display_name': 'Geochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3895275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38369069}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1965285', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008', 'display_name': 'Earth science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36651957}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28266084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21171096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1775879}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2816523', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184', 'display_name': 'Sediment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D005844', 'descriptor_name': 'Geology', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019110', 'descriptor_name': 'Meteoroids', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018543', 'descriptor_name': 'Minor Planets', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019015', 'descriptor_name': 'Geologic Sediments', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005844', 'descriptor_name': 'Geology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049690', 'descriptor_name': 'History, Ancient', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008855', 'descriptor_name': 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013052', 'descriptor_name': 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013052', 'descriptor_name': 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014934', 'descriptor_name': 'Wood', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301760110', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/23/E2088.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3677428', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3677428?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677428', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23690611', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301760110', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/23/E2088.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 58, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1040866398', 'https://openalex.org/W1501669217', 'https://openalex.org/W1539555817', 'https://openalex.org/W1587283933', 'https://openalex.org/W1629934232', 'https://openalex.org/W1672340262', 'https://openalex.org/W1966823890', 'https://openalex.org/W1968182002', 'https://openalex.org/W1973046453', 'https://openalex.org/W1973316497', 'https://openalex.org/W1981876159', 'https://openalex.org/W1984684402', 'https://openalex.org/W1992965157', 'https://openalex.org/W1993890931', 'https://openalex.org/W1994937086', 'https://openalex.org/W1997578851', 'https://openalex.org/W1999278790', 'https://openalex.org/W2008106457', 'https://openalex.org/W2014593285', 'https://openalex.org/W2014653759', 'https://openalex.org/W2023762873', 'https://openalex.org/W2026059009', 'https://openalex.org/W2026211163', 'https://openalex.org/W2035839889', 'https://openalex.org/W2039586614', 'https://openalex.org/W2041784109', 'https://openalex.org/W2044013999', 'https://openalex.org/W2049053646', 'https://openalex.org/W2049087460', 'https://openalex.org/W2049854094', 'https://openalex.org/W2051280659', 'https://openalex.org/W2051562290', 'https://openalex.org/W2055355681', 'https://openalex.org/W2060094048', 'https://openalex.org/W2067212789', 'https://openalex.org/W2075072237', 'https://openalex.org/W2076793284', 'https://openalex.org/W2077469088', 'https://openalex.org/W2078284311', 'https://openalex.org/W2081558900', 'https://openalex.org/W2086774037', 'https://openalex.org/W2095299334', 'https://openalex.org/W2096105618', 'https://openalex.org/W2101130220', 'https://openalex.org/W2101337753', 'https://openalex.org/W2108369857', 'https://openalex.org/W2124801278', 'https://openalex.org/W2130179383', 'https://openalex.org/W2138442454', 'https://openalex.org/W2150087475', 'https://openalex.org/W2151794646', 'https://openalex.org/W2155645894', 'https://openalex.org/W2156765302', 'https://openalex.org/W2322200390', 'https://openalex.org/W2399885018', 'https://openalex.org/W2904452948', 'https://openalex.org/W3100639189', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4387497383', 'https://openalex.org/W3183948672', 'https://openalex.org/W3173606202', 'https://openalex.org/W3110381201', 'https://openalex.org/W2948807893', 'https://openalex.org/W2935909890', 'https://openalex.org/W2778153218', 'https://openalex.org/W2758277628', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W1531601525'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Significance': [0], 'We': [1], 'present': [2], 'detailed': [3], 'geochemical': [4, 64], 'and': [5, 58, 65, 98], 'morphological': [6, 66], 'analyses': [7], 'of': [8, 17, 25, 38, 50, 89], 'nearly': [9], '700': [10], 'spherules': [11, 40, 52, 69, 85], 'from': [12, 76], '18': [13], 'sites': [14], 'in': [15], 'support': [16], 'a': [18], 'major': [19], 'cosmic': [20], 'impact': [21, 33, 73], 'at': [22, 80], 'the': [23, 26, 51], 'onset': [24], 'Younger': [27], 'Dryas': [28], 'episode': [29], '(12.8': [30], 'ka).': [31], 'The': [32, 68, 84], 'distributed': [34], '∼10': [35], 'million': [36, 43], 'tonnes': [37], 'melted': [39, 79], 'over': [41], '50': [42], 'square': [44], 'kilometers': [45], 'on': [46, 63], 'four': [47], 'continents.': [48], 'Origins': [49], 'by': [53], 'volcanism,': [54], 'anthropogenesis,': [55], 'authigenesis,': [56], 'lightning,': [57], 'meteoritic': [59], 'ablation': [60], 'are': [61], 'rejected': [62], 'grounds.': [67], 'closely': [70], 'resemble': [71], 'known': [72], 'materials': [74], 'derived': [75], 'surficial': [77], 'sediments': [78], 'temperatures': [81], '>2,200': [82], '°C.': [83], 'correlate': [86], 'with': [87], 'abundances': [88], 'associated': [90], 'melt-glass,': [91], 'nanodiamonds,': [92], 'carbon': [93], 'spherules,': [94], 'aciniform': [95], 'carbon,': [96], 'charcoal,': [97], 'iridium.': [99]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2112914804', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T23:45:01.939746', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}