Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2090036973', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1763988', 'title': 'The electron cyclotron resonance coupled to laser ion source for charge state enhancement experiment: Production of high intensity ion beams by means of a hybrid ion source', 'display_name': 'The electron cyclotron resonance coupled to laser ion source for charge state enhancement experiment: Production of high intensity ion beams by means of a hybrid ion source', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2090036973', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1763988', 'mag': '2090036973'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1763988', 'pdf_url': 'https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/96/5/2961/10638513/2961_1_online.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S187991544', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Physics', 'issn_l': '0021-8979', 'issn': ['0021-8979', '1089-7550', '1520-8850'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/96/5/2961/10638513/2961_1_online.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090736128', 'display_name': 'S. Gammino', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-679X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409', 'display_name': 'Laboratori Nazionali del Sud', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k1zhm92', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I160013858', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Gammino', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071200536', 'display_name': 'L. Torrisi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-136X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409', 'display_name': 'Laboratori Nazionali del Sud', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k1zhm92', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I160013858', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Torrisi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013224471', 'display_name': 'G. Ciavola', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409', 'display_name': 'Laboratori Nazionali del Sud', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k1zhm92', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I160013858', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. Ciavola', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004455971', 'display_name': 'L. Andò', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409', 'display_name': 'Laboratori Nazionali del Sud', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k1zhm92', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I160013858', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Andò', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066206317', 'display_name': 'L. Celona', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-5926'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409', 'display_name': 'Laboratori Nazionali del Sud', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k1zhm92', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I160013858', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Celona', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019259789', 'display_name': 'S. Manciagli', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409', 'display_name': 'Laboratori Nazionali del Sud', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k1zhm92', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I160013858', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Manciagli', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'INFN-LNS , Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210120409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103272548', 'display_name': 'J. Krása', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-8370'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111736', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01h494015', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210111736']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02yhj4v17', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}], 'countries': ['CZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Krása', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Physics-ASCR , Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Physics-ASCR , Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111736', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001484365', 'display_name': 'L. Láska', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111736', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01h494015', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210111736']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02yhj4v17', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}], 'countries': ['CZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Láska', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Physics-ASCR , Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Physics-ASCR , Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111736', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078365671', 'display_name': 'M. Pfeifer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9691-6448'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111736', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01h494015', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210111736']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02yhj4v17', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}], 'countries': ['CZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Pfeifer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Physics-ASCR , Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Physics-ASCR , Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111736', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5032920525', 'display_name': 'K. Rohlena', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111736', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plasma Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01h494015', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210111736']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02yhj4v17', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}], 'countries': ['CZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Rohlena', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Physics-ASCR , Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Physics-ASCR , Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111736', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083977216', 'display_name': 'A. M. Mezzasalma', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-4317'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I112862951', 'display_name': 'University of Messina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ctdxz19', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I112862951']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. M. Mezzasalma', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dip. di Fisica della Materia e Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate, Università di Messina, Ctr . Papardo-Sperone 31, S. Agata-Messina, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dip. di Fisica della Materia e Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate, Università di Messina, Ctr . Papardo-Sperone 31, S. Agata-Messina, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I112862951']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070778468', 'display_name': 'C. Gentile', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I112862951', 'display_name': 'University of Messina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ctdxz19', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I112862951']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Gentile', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dip. di Fisica della Materia e Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate, Università di Messina, Ctr . Papardo-Sperone 31, S. Agata-Messina, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dip. di Fisica della Materia e Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate, Università di Messina, Ctr . Papardo-Sperone 31, S. Agata-Messina, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I112862951']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033739690', 'display_name': 'A. Picciotto', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4089-9503'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I112862951', 'display_name': 'University of Messina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ctdxz19', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I112862951']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Picciotto', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dip. di Fisica della Materia e Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate, Università di Messina, Ctr . Papardo-Sperone 31, S. Agata-Messina, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dip. di Fisica della Materia e Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate, Università di Messina, Ctr . Papardo-Sperone 31, S. Agata-Messina, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I112862951']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072310735', 'display_name': 'J. Wołowski', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7774'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210142337', 'display_name': 'Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0452jaa17', 'country_code': 'PL', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210142337']}], 'countries': ['PL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Wolowski', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion , Hery Street, Warsaw, Poland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion , Hery Street, Warsaw, Poland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210142337']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021473816', 'display_name': 'E. Woryna', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210142337', 'display_name': 'Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0452jaa17', 'country_code': 'PL', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210142337']}], 'countries': ['PL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E. Woryna', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion , Hery Street, Warsaw, Poland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion , Hery Street, Warsaw, Poland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210142337']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002836593', 'display_name': 'J. Badziak', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-1688'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210142337', 'display_name': 'Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0452jaa17', 'country_code': 'PL', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210142337']}], 'countries': ['PL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Badziak', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion , Hery Street, Warsaw, Poland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion , Hery Street, Warsaw, Poland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210142337']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028615199', 'display_name': 'P. Parys', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210142337', 'display_name': 'Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0452jaa17', 'country_code': 'PL', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210142337']}], 'countries': ['PL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. Parys', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion , Hery Street, Warsaw, Poland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion , Hery Street, Warsaw, Poland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210142337']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011498027', 'display_name': 'D. Hitz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4944-7332'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I3020098449', 'display_name': 'CEA Grenoble', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mg6n827', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'https://openalex.org/I3020098449']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2738703131', 'display_name': "Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jjx8s55', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2738703131']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Hitz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CEA-DRFMC-SBT , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'CEA-DRFMC-SBT , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3020098449', 'https://openalex.org/I2738703131']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029242621', 'display_name': 'G. Shirkov', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32699454', 'display_name': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/044yd9t77', 'country_code': 'RU', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32699454']}], 'countries': ['RU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. D. Shirkov', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joint Institute for Nuclear Research-Laboratory of Particle Physics , Dubna, Russia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joint Institute for Nuclear Research-Laboratory of Particle Physics , Dubna, Russia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32699454']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 5, 'institutions_distinct_count': 8, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.292, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 32, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.943509, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 89, 'max': 90}, 'biblio': {'volume': '96', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '2961', 'last_page': '2968'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11367', 'display_name': 'Accelerator Technology and Superconducting Cavities', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11367', 'display_name': 'Accelerator Technology and Superconducting Cavities', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10523', 'display_name': 'Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons with Matter and Atoms', 'score': 0.9958, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10683', 'display_name': 'Mass Spectrometry Techniques', 'score': 0.9885, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-cyclotron-resonance', 'display_name': 'Electron cyclotron resonance', 'score': 0.78227365}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-cyclotron-resonance', 'display_name': 'Ion cyclotron resonance', 'score': 0.5455607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-gun', 'display_name': 'Ion gun', 'score': 0.5261963}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ionization', 'display_name': 'Ionization', 'score': 0.520749}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175361016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245591', 'display_name': 'Electron cyclotron resonance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.78227365}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188224857', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905291', 'display_name': 'Ion source', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7392292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184779094', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383', 'display_name': 'Atomic physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.65550184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145148216', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496', 'display_name': 'Ion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.616183}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50774322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644248', 'display_name': 'Ion beam', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5775328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C193055867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638030', 'display_name': 'Ion cyclotron resonance', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5455607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93106096', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125820', 'display_name': 'Ion beam deposition', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.52723926}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107920040', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6063425', 'display_name': 'Ion gun', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5261963}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.51184124}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C520434653', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867', 'display_name': 'Laser', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4572224}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39527238', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204469', 'display_name': 'Cyclotron', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.33997786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2938931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18818483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16252238}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1763988', 'pdf_url': 'https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/96/5/2961/10638513/2961_1_online.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S187991544', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Physics', 'issn_l': '0021-8979', 'issn': ['0021-8979', '1089-7550', '1520-8850'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1763988', 'pdf_url': 'https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-pdf/96/5/2961/10638513/2961_1_online.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S187991544', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Physics', 'issn_l': '0021-8979', 'issn': ['0021-8979', '1089-7550', '1520-8850'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.63, 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 7, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1999068504', 'https://openalex.org/W1999672074', 'https://openalex.org/W2003079397', 'https://openalex.org/W2021797313', 'https://openalex.org/W2046719588', 'https://openalex.org/W2058665517', 'https://openalex.org/W2090896802'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W798963570', 'https://openalex.org/W2510363922', 'https://openalex.org/W2258458158', 'https://openalex.org/W2123952890', 'https://openalex.org/W2093572396', 'https://openalex.org/W2092854447', 'https://openalex.org/W2071449615', 'https://openalex.org/W2026030696', 'https://openalex.org/W1993156593', 'https://openalex.org/W1978936450'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 66, 91, 108, 152, 161, 184, 223], 'experiment': [1], 'concerning': [2], 'the': [3, 31, 45, 70, 75, 78, 84, 130, 140, 169, 181, 188, 207, 221, 226, 229, 235], 'ECLISSE': [4], 'method': [5], '(ECR': [6], 'ion': [7, 13, 27, 42, 71, 153], 'source': [8, 14, 28, 36, 43], 'coupled': [9], 'to': [10, 30, 47, 163, 231], 'a': [11, 25, 97, 165, 193], 'laser': [12, 26, 199, 201], 'for': [15, 102, 106, 113, 117], 'charge': [16, 93, 171, 176], 'state': [17], 'enhancement)': [18], 'has': [19], 'been': [20], 'carried': [21], 'out': [22], 'by': [23, 74, 175], 'coupling': [24, 67], '(LIS)': [29], 'superconducting': [32, 209], 'electron': [33, 38], 'cyclotron': [34, 39], 'resonance': [35, 40], '(SERSE)': [37], '(ECR)': [41], 'with': [44, 77, 96, 145, 180], 'goal': [46], 'obtain': [48], 'intense': [49], 'beams': [50], 'of': [51, 69, 129, 132, 135, 168, 187, 225, 234], 'highly': [52], 'charged': [53], 'ions': [54], '(cw': [55], 'or': [56], 'pulsed': [57], 'mode)': [58], 'from': [59, 63, 143], 'metal': [60], 'samples,': [61], 'especially': [62], 'refractory': [64], 'elements.': [65], 'efficiency': [68], 'beam': [72, 86, 154], 'produced': [73], 'LIS': [76], 'ECR': [79], 'plasma': [80], 'was': [81, 111, 125, 173], 'remarkable': [82], 'and': [83, 104, 115, 119, 123, 150, 156, 205, 228, 242], 'measured': [85], 'intensities': [87], 'were': [88, 100, 158], 'quite': [89], 'high.': [90], 'maximum': [92], 'states,': [94], 'obtained': [95, 112, 142], 'good': [98], 'reproducibility,': [99], '38+': [101], 'Ta': [103, 118], '41+': [105], 'Au.': [107], 'highest': [109], 'current': [110, 141], '25+': [114], '28+': [116], 'Au': [120], 'ions,': [121], 'respectively,': [122], 'it': [124], 'in': [126, 212, 220], 'both': [127, 159], 'cases': [128], 'order': [131], 'some': [133], 'tens': [134], 'microampere,': [136], 'i.e.,': [137], 'higher': [138], 'than': [139], 'SERSE': [144, 208], 'other': [146], 'methods': [147], '(i.e.,': [148], 'evaporation': [149], 'sputtering).': [151], 'stability': [155], 'reproducibility': [157], 'acceptable.': [160], 'possibility': [162], 'get': [164, 232], 'further': [166], 'enhancement': [167], 'available': [170], 'states': [172], 'limited': [174], 'exchange': [177], 'processes': [178], 'connected': [179], 'target': [182], 'ablation.': [183], 'main': [185], 'features': [186], 'LNS': [189], 'facility': [190], 'based': [191], 'on': [192, 206], 'Nd:YAG': [194], '(yag,': [195], 'yttrium': [196], 'aluminum': [197], 'garnet)': [198], '(0.9J∕9ns,': [200], 'power': [202], 'densities': [203], '<5×1010W∕cm2)': [204], 'ECRIS': [210], 'working': [211], 'single': [213], 'frequency': [214], 'mode': [215], '(18GHz)': [216], 'will': [217, 238], 'be': [218, 239], 'shown': [219], 'following.': [222], 'analysis': [224], 'results': [227], 'way': [230], 'rid': [233], 'existing': [236], 'limits': [237], 'also': [240], 'presented': [241], 'discussed.': [243]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090036973', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-18T21:49:46.233374', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}