Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2089361992', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559008427047', 'title': 'Entry, discipline and exit in the Italian Red Brigades', 'display_name': 'Entry, discipline and exit in the Italian Red Brigades', 'publication_year': 1990, 'publication_date': '1990-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2089361992', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559008427047', 'mag': '2089361992'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559008427047', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S141724154', 'display_name': 'Terrorism and Political Violence', 'issn_l': '0954-6553', 'issn': ['0954-6553', '1556-1836'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031248464', 'display_name': 'Alison Jamieson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Alison Jamieson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5031248464'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 38, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.919705, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '20'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13135', 'display_name': 'Communism, Protests, Social Movements', 'score': 0.9686, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13135', 'display_name': 'Communism, Protests, Social Movements', 'score': 0.9686, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12337', 'display_name': 'Italian Fascism and Post-war Society', 'score': 0.9569, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dissent', 'display_name': 'Dissent', 'score': 0.84174055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/radicalization', 'display_name': 'Radicalization', 'score': 0.46673998}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/discipline', 'display_name': 'Discipline', 'score': 0.45881376}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/political-repression', 'display_name': 'Political repression', 'score': 0.45032564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/political-dissent', 'display_name': 'Political dissent', 'score': 0.43405622}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523173360', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1991663', 'display_name': 'Dissent', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.84174055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778627824', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561', 'display_name': 'Battle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7734529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61271346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203133693', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283', 'display_name': 'Terrorism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5926763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48210624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777113924', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3416483', 'display_name': 'Radicalization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46673998}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8795937', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829', 'display_name': 'Discipline', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45881376}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48103436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031', 'display_name': 'State (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45395252}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781062241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899269', 'display_name': 'Political repression', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45032564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126388530', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737', 'display_name': 'Imitation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43743834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776996248', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7210284', 'display_name': 'Political dissent', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43405622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39392883}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138921699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555', 'display_name': 'Political economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3667966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33727667}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1645132}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10890606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195244886', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493', 'display_name': 'Ancient history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.103054345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0837968}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559008427047', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S141724154', 'display_name': 'Terrorism and Political Violence', 'issn_l': '0954-6553', 'issn': ['0954-6553', '1556-1836'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.74, 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4232451680', 'https://openalex.org/W4226459111', 'https://openalex.org/W4225986924', 'https://openalex.org/W3166867982', 'https://openalex.org/W3041242852', 'https://openalex.org/W2765161435', 'https://openalex.org/W2509248554', 'https://openalex.org/W2249331233', 'https://openalex.org/W2089753843', 'https://openalex.org/W1980592055'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 28, 69, 96, 117], 'article': [1], 'looks': [2], 'at': [3], 'Red': [4], 'Brigades': [5], '(BR)': [6], 'recruitment': [7], 'in': [8, 22, 93], 'the': [9, 13, 23, 31, 38, 42, 49, 75, 89, 110, 131], 'early': [10], '1970s': [11], 'via': [12], 'infiltration': [14], 'and': [15, 37, 62, 81, 102, 114, 125], "'lubrication'": [16], 'of': [17, 25, 48, 60, 98, 121], 'far': [18], 'left': [19], 'groups': [20], 'based': [21, 65], 'factories': [24], 'Northern': [26], 'Italy.': [27], 'author': [29], 'describes': [30], 'passage': [32], 'from': [33], 'extremism': [34], 'to': [35, 80, 134, 141], 'terrorism': [36], 'criteria': [39], 'imposed': [40], 'by': [41, 57, 74, 137], 'BR': [43, 76], 'for': [44, 86], 'entry.': [45], 'Initial': [46], 'imitation': [47], 'Latin': [50], 'American': [51], 'guerrilla': [52], 'model': [53], 'was': [54, 92], 'gradually': [55], 'replaced': [56], 'a': [58, 83], 'series': [59], 'organizational': [61], 'disciplinary': [63], 'structures': [64], 'on': [66], 'first‐hand': [67], 'experience.': [68], 'strict': [70], 'regulations': [71], 'laid': [72], 'down': [73], 'were': [77, 82], 'generally': [78], 'adhered': [79], 'vital': [84], 'factor': [85], 'survival,': [87], 'although': [88], 'weakest': [90], 'link': [91], 'personal': [94, 101], 'relations.': [95], 'restrictions': [97], 'clandestinity': [99], 'created': [100], 'political': [103], 'crises': [104], 'which': [105], 'deepened': [106], 'after': [107], '1978,': [108], 'when': [109], 'battle': [111], 'between': [112], 'state': [113], 'terrorists': [115], 'intensified.': [116], 'greater': [118], 'commitment': [119], 'required': [120], 'members': [122], 'made': [123], 'dissent': [124], 'exit': [126], 'correspondingly': [127], 'more': [128], 'traumatic.': [129], 'In': [130], 'end,': [132], 'attempts': [133], 'preserve': [135], 'unity': [136], 'increasing': [138], 'discipline': [139], 'proved': [140], 'be': [142], 'counterproductive.': [143]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089361992', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T07:21:47.034137', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}