Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2087434084', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/26.16.3867', 'title': 'A simple method for sequencing small DNAs by introducing precise overlapping ends into restriction digestion fragments', 'display_name': 'A simple method for sequencing small DNAs by introducing precise overlapping ends into restriction digestion fragments', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2087434084', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/26.16.3867', 'mag': '2087434084', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9685508', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/147749'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/26.16.3867', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/26/16/3867/6231954/26-16-3867.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S134668137', 'display_name': 'Nucleic Acids Research', 'issn_l': '0305-1048', 'issn': ['0305-1048', '1362-4954', '1362-4962'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/26/16/3867/6231954/26-16-3867.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058269381', 'display_name': 'Graham Rena', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9121-1350'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I7882870', 'display_name': 'University of Glasgow', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00vtgdb53', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I7882870']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. Rena', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Davidson Building, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Davidson Building, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I7882870']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055355105', 'display_name': 'Miles D. Houslay', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-8091'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I7882870', 'display_name': 'University of Glasgow', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00vtgdb53', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I7882870']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. D. Houslay', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Davidson Building, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Davidson Building, IBLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I7882870']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3630, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3630, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.715, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 4, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.393042, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 69, 'max': 72}, 'biblio': {'volume': '26', 'issue': '16', 'first_page': '3867', 'last_page': '3868'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10683', 'display_name': 'Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10683', 'display_name': 'Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10015', 'display_name': 'Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies', 'score': 0.9912, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10412', 'display_name': 'Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications', 'score': 0.9912, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/restriction-digest', 'display_name': 'Restriction digest', 'score': 0.7300815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/restriction-fragment', 'display_name': 'Restriction fragment', 'score': 0.6372563}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/restriction-map', 'display_name': 'Restriction map', 'score': 0.635509}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/restriction-site', 'display_name': 'Restriction site', 'score': 0.62759465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fragment', 'display_name': 'Fragment (logic)', 'score': 0.5557665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-dna', 'display_name': 'genomic DNA', 'score': 0.5510493}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sequencing-by-hybridization', 'display_name': 'Sequencing by hybridization', 'score': 0.53349286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cloning', 'display_name': 'Cloning (programming)', 'score': 0.45157874}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.855796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59582021', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128751', 'display_name': 'Contig', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8034426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2889275', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316313', 'display_name': 'Restriction digest', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7300815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84289048', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316314', 'display_name': 'Restriction fragment', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6372563}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170673058', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780686', 'display_name': 'Restriction map', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.635509}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58301748', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074969', 'display_name': 'Restriction site', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.62759465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C128319531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219715', 'display_name': 'Restriction enzyme', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61788243}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171636592', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395646', 'display_name': 'Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.59884197}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776235265', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18392052', 'display_name': 'Fragment (logic)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5557665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5541154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17757408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135516', 'display_name': 'genomic DNA', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5510493}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51064596', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452482', 'display_name': 'Sequencing by hybridization', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.53349286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5184824}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C552990157', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430', 'display_name': 'DNA', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50170517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51679486', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546', 'display_name': 'DNA sequencing', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48379773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195116880', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4859565', 'display_name': 'Sticky and blunt ends', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4707416}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121050878', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135020', 'display_name': 'Cloning (programming)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45157874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780586882', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643', 'display_name': 'Simple (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4313755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141231307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020', 'display_name': 'Genome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.31891876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168007829', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857299', 'display_name': 'Restriction fragment length polymorphism', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.29461318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3017666073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764062', 'display_name': 'Base sequence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.24496946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17219168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1555196}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49105822', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996', 'display_name': 'Polymerase chain reaction', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.13809112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10863051}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70712619', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908889', 'display_name': 'DNA sequencer', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004247', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004247', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017422', 'descriptor_name': 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001483', 'descriptor_name': 'Base Sequence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003001', 'descriptor_name': 'Cloning, Molecular', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004247', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004247', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017931', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Primers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017931', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Primers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004262', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018076', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Complementary', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018076', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Complementary', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018076', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Complementary', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018076', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Complementary', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016678', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016133', 'descriptor_name': 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017422', 'descriptor_name': 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/26.16.3867', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/26/16/3867/6231954/26-16-3867.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S134668137', 'display_name': 'Nucleic Acids Research', 'issn_l': '0305-1048', 'issn': ['0305-1048', '1362-4954', '1362-4962'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc147749', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc147749?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC147749', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9685508', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/26.16.3867', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/26/16/3867/6231954/26-16-3867.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S134668137', 'display_name': 'Nucleic Acids Research', 'issn_l': '0305-1048', 'issn': ['0305-1048', '1362-4954', '1362-4962'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 4, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2001321345', 'https://openalex.org/W2032462421', 'https://openalex.org/W2044069937', 'https://openalex.org/W2144634347'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W787269129', 'https://openalex.org/W2955651119', 'https://openalex.org/W2464720041', 'https://openalex.org/W209814502', 'https://openalex.org/W2087434084', 'https://openalex.org/W2077097444', 'https://openalex.org/W2076735225', 'https://openalex.org/W2028702152', 'https://openalex.org/W1834210965', 'https://openalex.org/W11602674'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0], 'method': [1], 'has': [2], 'been': [3], 'devised': [4], 'whereby': [5], 'certain': [6], 'complete': [7], 'restriction': [8, 62], 'digestions': [9], 'can': [10, 25], 'have': [11], 'short': [12], 'overlaps': [13], 'of': [14, 47], 'unique': [15], 'sequence': [16], 'incorporated': [17], 'into': [18], 'the': [19, 28], 'fragments': [20, 30, 58], 'during': [21], 'cloning.': [22], 'Thus': [23], 'one': [24], 'identify': [26], 'when': [27], 'DNA': [29], 'are': [31], 'contiguous.': [32], 'Here,': [33], 'this': [34, 68], 'technique': [35, 69], 'is': [36, 51, 65], 'used': [37], 'to': [38, 55], 'produce': [39], 'a': [40, 43, 52], 'contig': [41], 'for': [42, 73], '2.5': [44], 'kb': [45], 'fragment': [46], 'genomic': [48, 78], 'DNA.': [49], 'This': [50], 'simple': [53], 'approach': [54], 'ordering': [56], 'digestion': [57], 'without': [59], 'necessarily': [60], 'performing': [61], 'mapping.': [63], 'It': [64], 'envisaged': [66], 'that': [67], 'will': [70], 'be': [71], 'useful': [72], 'sequencing': [74], 'cDNAs': [75], 'and': [76], 'small': [77], 'fragments.': [79]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2087434084', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T08:09:43.915314', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}