Publication Information

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'proinflammatory': [248], 'cytokines,': [249, 883], 'especially': [250, 1504], 'IL-6.23': [251], 'Traditionally,': [252], '10': [253], 'mg/L': [254], 'has': [255, 645, 666], 'used': [257, 636, 721, 1205, 1312], 'cut': [260], 'point': [261], 'signify': [263], 'clinically': [264], 'levels,': [266], 'values': [268], 'healthy': [271, 297, 336, 364, 376, 629, 677, 1376, 1602, 1720, 1755, 1863, 2315], 'reference': [272, 298, 1388, 2319], 'range': [273], 'below': [276], 'lower': [278], 'limit': [279], 'sensitivity': [281], 'most': [283, 293], 'assays.Recently,': [284], 'elevated': [285], 'although': [289, 403, 848, 1148, 1231], 'still': [290], 'part': [294, 494, 954, 1101, 1152], 'range,': [299], 'associated': [302, 437, 778, 2013, 2102], 'increased': [304, 620, 639, 1068, 2204], 'Initially,': [310], 'Liuzzo': [311, 1611, 2245], 'et': [312, 316, 455], 'al4': [313], 'Haverkate': [315, 1646], 'al5': [317], 'established': [318], 'prognostic': [320, 1626], 'usefulness': [321], 'setting': [326], 'angina.': [328, 1639, 2265], 'This': [329, 1188], 'was': [330, 347, 405, 410, 530, 540, 1157, 1172, 1249, 1430, 1510], 'followed': [331], 'studies': [333, 653, 1021, 1496], 'otherwise': [335, 628], 'individuals.': [337, 630, 1603], 'With': [338], 'use': [340, 1212, 1271], 'new,': [342], 'sensitive': [343], 'assays,': [345], 'identified': [348, 738], 'independent,': [351], 'prospective': [352, 2136], 'higher-risk': [358], 'middle-aged': [359, 365, 674, 1318, 1373, 1413, 1479, 1502, 1756], 'men': [360, 366, 378, 2140], 'MRFIT,6': [362], 'PHS7': [369], 'MONICA-Augsburg': [372, 1761], 'cohort,8': [373], 'elderly': [377, 1186, 1375, 1864], 'women': [380, 1490, 1517], 'CHS': [383, 1117], 'Rural': [386, 1806], 'Health': [387, 1524, 1532, 1802, 1807, 2025], 'Promotion': [388, 1808], 'Project.9CRP': [389], 'related': [394], 'smoking,10': [396], 'MRFIT': [399, 538, 1678, 1691, 2163], 'data': [400, 606, 1081, 1219, 1291], 'indicated': [401, 1229], 'no': [406, 1416], 'confounding': [407], 'effect,': [408], 'interaction': [412, 1420], 'smoking': [414, 428, 519, 1846, 1893], 'CRP:': [416], 'predicted': [419, 507, 1410], 'smokers': [422], 'nonsmokers,': [425], 'independently': [426, 444], 'cessation.6': [429], 'Consistent': [430], 'finding,': [433], 'lifetime': [439, 467], 'exposure': [440, 468, 1847], 'cigarette': [442, 470], 'smoke,': [443], 'cessation,': [446], 'cross-sectional': [448, 1020], 'analyses': [449], 'elderly.11': [452], 'Interestingly,': [453], 'Howard': [454, 1872], 'al12': [456], 'recently': [458, 667], 'shown': [459, 647, 669, 986], 'association': [461, 561, 597, 709, 1850], 'carotid': [463, 1137], 'wall': [464, 1138], 'thickness': [465, 1139], 'smoke.': [471], 'Taken': [472, 1078, 1288], 'together,': [473, 604, 1079, 1289], 'these': [474, 605, 826, 860, 928, 993, 1080, 1105, 1286, 1290], 'raise': [476], 'speculation': [478], 'people,': [485], 'may': [486, 594, 1282, 1295], 'mark': [487], 'permanent': [488], 'underlying': [489, 1036, 1094, 1154], 'endothelial': [490], 'damage': [491], 'due': [492], 'smoking.': [496], 'It': [497, 923], 'note': [501], 'PHS,': [505, 526, 960], 'just': [510], 'well': [512, 877, 1492], 'nonsmokers': [514], 'smokers.': [517, 1825], 'However,': [518, 1055, 1425], 'relatively': [522], 'event': [528, 794], 'follow-up': [529], 'from': [531, 541, 933, 1226, 1285, 1601, 1759, 1799, 1824, 1924], '1': [532, 1553], '7': [534], 'years,': [535], 'whereas': [536, 884, 897], 'it': [539, 1003, 1183, 1294, 1394], '6': [542], '17': [544], 'years.Other': [545], 'independent': [547, 662, 976, 1107, 1345], 'correlates': [548], 'obesity,': [552], 'markers': [553, 565, 1025, 1106], 'fibrinolytic': [555, 567], 'activity,': [556], 'subclinical': [558, 1112, 1132, 1161, 1177, 1363, 1860], 'atherosclerosis.11': [559], 'The': [560, 582, 796, 1009, 1144, 1594, 1625, 2166], 'activity': [568, 579], 'such': [569, 1026, 1484], 'plasmin-α2-antiplasmin': [571], 'complex': [572], 'provides': [573], 'link': [576, 586], 'between': [577, 710, 1062, 2168], 'coagulant/fibrinolytic': [578], 'inflammation.': [581, 806], 'nature': [583], 'obesity': [588], 'remains': [589], 'unclear.': [590], 'A': [591, 1634], 'possible': [592], 'mechanism': [593], 'involve': [595], 'adipose': [599], 'fibrinolysis': [602], 'inhibition.13Taken': [603], 'strongly': [607], 'support': [608, 1082], 'position': [610, 1084], 'low-level': [617], 'indicates': [619], 'myocardial': [623, 684, 1237, 1577, 2058, 2080, 2107, 2133], 'infarction': [624, 2108], 'stroke': [626], 'Other': [631, 1481], 'reactants': [633, 734], 'indicate': [638], 'events.14': [643], 'Fibrinogen': [644, 1949, 2336], 'wide': [650], 'variety': [651], 'consistently': [655], 'manner.15': [663], 'Factor': [664, 1529, 2182], 'VIII': [665, 2011], 'older': [676, 2233], 'adults.1617': [678], 'Plasminogen': [679, 2049], 'activator': [680, 713, 1922, 2050, 2076], 'inhibitor-1': [681], 'predicts': [682, 1368, 1747], 'second': [683], 'infarctions': [685], 'survivors': [687], 'first': [690, 1576], 'infarct18': [691], 'and,': [692, 1039], 'owing': [693], 'specificity': [695], 'issues': [696, 1406], 'assays': [699, 903, 1382], 'involved,': [700], 'probably': [702, 1017, 1051], 'reason': [704], 'plasminogen': [712, 1921, 2075], 'antigen': [714], 'PHS.19': [719], 'Markers': [720], 'estimate': [723], 'serum': [724, 728, 1632, 1823, 2169, 2199], 'iron': [725, 2099], '(ferritin)': [726], 'copper': [729, 2127], '(ceruloplasmin)': [730], 'also': [732, 803, 1098], 'factors': [741, 855, 914, 1310, 1351, 1483, 1653, 1858, 1978], 'recent': [743], 'studies.2021': [744], 'During': [745], 'reaction,': [748], 'albumin': [749, 757, 2170], 'go': [751], 'down,': [752], 'events,22': [760], 'do': [762, 921, 1265], 'bilirubin': [766, 2202], '(most': [767], 'bound': [771], 'albumin).23': [773], 'Even': [774], 'dropping': [786], 'triglycerides': [788], 'rising,24': [789], 'both': [790, 868, 1372], 'consistent': [791], 'only': [797, 887, 1089], '"outlier"': [798], 'cholesterol,': [801], 'drops': [804], 'Finally,': [807], 'cytokine': [809], 'mediators': [810], 'inflammation': [812, 991, 1086, 1303, 2226], 'themselves,': [813], 'specifically': [814], 'IL-6,': [815], 'factors.25This': [818], 'raises': [819], 'several': [820, 1141, 1404], 'questions.': [821], 'First,': [822], 'all': [824, 850, 1063, 1244], 'measures': [827, 994, 1200, 1361], 'equivalent': [828], 'prediction?': [833], 'Although': [834, 1215, 1260], 'few': [837], 'head-to-head': [838], 'comparisons,': [839], 'answer': [841, 1012], 'likely': [843], 'no,': [846], 'because': [847, 1170, 1325, 1505], 'they': [849], 'respond': [851, 866, 886, 1047], 'regulate': [857], 'many': [858, 1058], 'not': [863, 1088, 1158, 1266, 1540], 'identical.26': [864], 'Some': [865, 891], 'more': [870, 880, 1451], '"immediate"': [871], 'IL-1/tumor': [872], 'necrosis': [873], 'cytokines': [875, 2275], '"secondary"': [881], 'IL-6/IL-6–like': [882], 'others': [885, 1031], 'latter.': [890], 'under': [893], 'hormonal': [895], 'regulation,': [896], 'not.': [900], 'Technically,': [901], 'much': [907, 916], 'others,': [911], 'exhibit': [915], 'larger': [917], 'within-subject': [918], 'variation': [919], 'others.': [922], 'unclear': [925], 'best': [931, 944, 1010], 'assay': [932, 1392], 'standpoint': [935], 'prediction,': [937], 'group': [940], 'make': [942], 'panel': [945], 'assays.The': [947], 'report': [948], 'coworkers1': [952], 'addresses': [955], 'issue.': [957], 'least,': [962], 'appears': [964, 1356], 'give': [966], 'added': [967, 1192], 'information': [968, 1475], 'when': [969], 'considered': [972], 'statistically': [975], 'Similar': [982], 'results': [983, 1145, 1225, 1758, 1798], 'fibrinogen.5Second,': [988], 'reflect': [995, 1052, 1153], 'epiphenomenon': [997], 'atherosclerotic': [999, 1037, 1053, 1202, 1364], 'disease': [1000, 1038, 1095, 1133, 1178, 1688, 1717, 1752, 1794, 1856, 1861, 1984, 2017, 2177], 'CVD-event': [1006], 'causal': [1007], 'pathway?': [1008], 'current': [1011], 'question': [1015, 1936], 'both.': [1018], 'Many': [1019], 'determined': [1023], 'fibrinogen,': [1028], 'strong': [1033, 1432], 'associations': [1034], 'given': [1040], 'status': [1042], 'damage,': [1050], 'damage.': [1054], 'plausible': [1059], 'mechanistic': [1060], 'links': [1061], 'above-mentioned': [1065], 'variables,': [1066], 'clot': [1069], 'formation,': [1070], 'lipid': [1071], 'oxidation,': [1072], 'cell': [1074], 'activation': [1075], 'proliferation.': [1077], 'process': [1096], 'integral': [1100], 'it.Third,': [1103], 'estimates': [1110], 'CVD?': [1113], 'Studies': [1114], 'characterized': [1119], 'design': [1122], 'matched': [1124], 'cases': [1125], 'controls': [1127], 'degree': [1130], 'assessed': [1135], 'variables.9': [1143], 'suggested': [1146], 'atherosclerosis,': [1155], 'prediction': [1156, 1171, 1343, 1355], 'confounded': [1159], 'CVD.': [1162], 'Rather,': [1163], 'effect': [1168, 1242, 1248], 'modification,': [1169], 'stronger': [1173], 'without': [1182], 'group.': [1187], 'suggests': [1189], 'benefit': [1193], 'measuring': [1195], 'even': [1197], 'if': [1198, 1268], 'noninvasive': [1199, 1360], 'burden': [1203], 'well.Fourth,': [1207], 'should': [1208], 'intervention': [1210], 'strategies': [1211], 'levels?': [1214], 'we': [1216, 1264, 1283, 1472], 'limited': [1218], 'issue,': [1222], 'original': [1224], 'PHS': [1228], 'aspirin,': [1232, 1711], 'incident': [1236, 2015], 'infarction,': [1238], 'had': [1239], 'protective': [1241], 'strata,': [1246], 'greatest': [1250], 'highest': [1255], 'baseline.7': [1259], 'suggestive,': [1263], 'long-term': [1269], 'aspirin': [1270], 'affects': [1272, 1848], 'levels.': [1274], 'More': [1275], 'work': [1276, 1452], 'needed': [1278, 1454, 1498], 'issue.What': [1281], 'conclude': [1284], 'studies?': [1287], 'suggest': [1292], 'time': [1297, 1422], 'add': [1299], 'list': [1306], 'commonly': [1311], 'assess': [1314], 'otherwise-healthy': [1317], 'men.': [1319, 1721, 2112], 'good': [1323], 'candidate': [1324], '(1)': [1326], 'reasonably': [1329], 'stable': [1330], 'over': [1331], 'time,27': [1332], '(2)': [1333], 'affected': [1336], 'little': [1338, 1474], 'inflammation,23': [1341], '(3)': [1342], 'lipids,1': [1353], '(4)': [1354], 'disease,9': [1365], '(5)': [1366], 'individuals,679': [1377], '(6)': [1379], 'sensitive,': [1380], 'inexpensive': [1381], 'becoming': [1384], 'available,27': [1385], 'WHO': [1387], 'material': [1389], 'available': [1390], 'standardization.Before': [1393], 'can': [1395], 'put': [1397], 'into': [1398], 'general': [1399], 'use,': [1400], 'however,': [1401], 'outstanding': [1405], 'remaining.': [1407], 'men,': [1414], 'indication': [1417], 'event.': [1424], 'elderly,': [1428, 1508], 'time-to-event': [1433], 'dependency,': [1434], 'predicting': [1437], '<1': [1439], 'year': [1440, 1448], 'after': [1441], 'blood': [1442], 'collection': [1443], '>1': [1447], 'later.9': [1449], 'Therefore,': [1450], 'understand': [1457], 'chronological': [1459], 'relationship': [1460], 'different': [1467], 'age': [1468, 1660], 'groups.': [1469], 'addition,': [1471], 'about': [1476], 'women.': [1480], 'fibrinogen': [1486], 'men,28': [1494], 'women,': [1503], 'men.9Selected': [1520], 'Abbreviations': [1521], 'AcronymsCHS=Cardiovascular': [1523], 'StudyCRP=C-reactive': [1525], 'proteinCVD=cardiovascular': [1526], 'diseaseIL=interleukinMRFIT=Multiple': [1527], 'Risk': [1528, 1900, 1988, 2181], 'Intervention': [1530, 2183], "TrialPHS=Physician's": [1531], 'StudyThe': [1533], 'opinions': [1534], 'expressed': [1535], 'editorial': [1538], 'necessarily': [1541], 'editors': [1545], 'American': [1549, 2368], 'Heart': [1550, 2369], 'Association.': [1551], 'References': [1552], 'PM,': [1555], 'Glynn': [1556], 'RJ,': [1557], 'Hennekens': [1558, 1708, 2071], 'CH.': [1559], 'C-reactive': [1560, 1584, 1597, 1629, 1683, 1744, 1788, 1819, 1852, 2312], 'protein': [1561, 1585, 1598, 1630, 1635, 1684, 1745, 1789, 1820, 1853, 2313], 'adds': [1562], 'determining': [1573], 'infarction.': [1578, 2059, 2081], 'Circulation.1998;': [1579], '97:2007–2011.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1580], 'Scholar2': [1581], 'Pepys': [1582, 1621, 1742], 'M.': [1583, 1743], 'fifty': [1586], 'years': [1587], 'on.': [1588], 'Lancet.': [1589], '1981;i:653–656.Google': [1590], 'Scholar3': [1591], 'Kindmark': [1592], 'C.': [1593, 1709, 2072], 'concentration': [1595, 2200], 'sera': [1600], 'Scand': [1604], 'J': [1605, 1642, 1696, 1724, 2145, 2186, 2235], 'Clin': [1606, 1826, 2210, 2324], 'Lab': [1607], 'Invest.1972;': [1608], '29:407–411.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1609], 'Scholar4': [1610], 'G,': [1612, 1873, 1877, 1881, 1887, 2038, 2040, 2156, 2246, 2250, 2256], 'Biasucci': [1613, 2241], 'L,': [1614, 1669, 1875, 2004, 2150, 2158, 2242], 'Gallimore': [1615], 'J,': [1616, 1673, 2070, 2086, 2092, 2117, 2152], 'Grillo': [1617], 'R,': [1618, 1671, 1707, 1771, 1773, 1779, 1832, 1998, 2094, 2119, 2160, 2219, 2221, 2284], 'Rebuzzi': [1619, 2253], 'A,': [1620, 1735, 1879, 1968, 1974, 2000, 2033, 2042, 2244, 2254], 'M,': [1622, 1703, 1705, 1731, 1733, 1781, 1838, 2046, 2068], 'Maseri': [1623, 2257], 'A.': [1624, 2258], 'amyloid': [1633], 'unstable': [1638, 2264], 'N': [1640, 1722], 'Engl': [1641, 1723], 'Med.1994;': [1643], '331:417–424.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1644], 'Scholar5': [1645], 'F,': [1647, 1885], 'Thompson': [1648], 'S,': [1649, 1911, 2123, 2248], 'Duckert': [1650], 'F.': [1651], 'Haemostasis': [1652], 'angina': [1655], 'pectoris:': [1656], 'relation': [1657, 2167], 'gender,': [1659], 'reaction.': [1663], 'Thromb': [1664, 1811, 1867], 'Haemost.1995;': [1665], '73:561–567.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1666], 'Scholar6': [1667], 'Kuller': [1668, 1784, 1843, 2149], 'Shaten': [1672], 'Meilahn': [1674, 1782, 2005], 'E,': [1675, 1783, 1834, 1836, 1842, 1946, 2006, 2302], 'Research': [1679, 2164], 'Group.': [1680, 2165], 'Relationship': [1681, 1786], 'coronary': [1686, 1750, 1982, 2175, 2207], 'heart': [1687, 1751, 1983, 2176], 'nested': [1692], 'case-control': [1693], 'study.': [1694, 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[1908], 'C,': [1909, 2044, 2252, 2270], 'Brown': [1910], 'Nordt': [1912], 'T,': [1913, 2154, 2217, 2304], 'Sobel': [1914], 'Fujii': [1916], 'S.': [1917], 'Elaboration': [1918], 'type-1': [1920], 'inhibitor': [1923, 2051], 'adipocytes.': [1925], 'Circulation.1996;': [1926, 1993, 2266], '93:106–110.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1927], 'Scholar14': [1928], 'R.': [1930, 2096, 2306, 2335], 'Atherosclerosis,': [1931], 'thrombosis': [1932], 'inflammation:': [1934], 'linkage.': [1938], 'Fibrinolysis': [1939], 'Proteolysis.': [1941], '1997;11(suppl': [1942], '1):137–142.Google': [1943], 'Scholar15': [1944], 'Ernst': [1945], 'Resch': [1947], 'K.': [1948], 'factor:': [1954], 'meta-analysis': [1956], 'review': [1958], 'literature.': [1961], 'Ann': [1962, 2294], 'Intern': [1963], 'Med.1993;': [1964], '118:956–963.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1965], 'Scholar16': [1966], 'Folsom': [1967], 'Wu': [1969], 'K,': [1970, 2088], 'Rosamond': [1971], 'Sharrett': [1973], 'Chambless': [1975], 'Hemostatic': [1977], 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[2348], 'Previous': [2349], 'Back': [2350], 'top': [2352], 'Next': [2353], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails': [2354], '26,': [2356, 2373], '1998Vol': [2357], 'Issue': [2359], '20Article': [2360], 'InformationMetrics': [2361], 'Download:': [2362], '210': [2363], 'Copyright': [2364], '©': [2365], '1998': [2366, 2374], 'Associationhttps://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.97.20.2000': [2370], 'publishedMay': [2372], 'KeywordscholesterolC-reactive': [2375], 'proteincoagulationrisk': [2376], 'factorsfibrinolysisEditorialsPDF': [2377], 'download': [2378]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086877712', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 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