Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2086079231', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.3.4.479', 'title': 'Microfabricated nanochannel implantable drug delivery devices: trends, limitations and possibilities', 'display_name': 'Microfabricated nanochannel implantable drug delivery devices: trends, limitations and possibilities', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2086079231', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.3.4.479', 'mag': '2086079231', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822223'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.3.4.479', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S51663496', 'display_name': 'Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery', 'issn_l': '1742-5247', 'issn': ['1742-5247', '1744-7593'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038173067', 'display_name': 'Phyllis Gardner', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Phyllis Gardner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lane 308A, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5127, USA. [email protected]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lane 308A, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5127, USA. [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5038173067'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.152, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 20, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.459184, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 87, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '479', 'last_page': '487'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11582', 'display_name': 'Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11582', 'display_name': 'Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10412', 'display_name': 'Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11255', 'display_name': 'Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocages', 'display_name': 'Nanocages', 'score': 0.72141826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanopore', 'display_name': 'Nanopore', 'score': 0.6834731}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.78520906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C527607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175538', 'display_name': 'Microfabrication', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7834228}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C128355301', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964001', 'display_name': 'Nanocages', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.72141826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779820397', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806', 'display_name': 'Drug delivery', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6956897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141795571', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580942', 'display_name': 'Nanopore', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6834731}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6163014}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136525101', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139', 'display_name': 'Fabrication', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.13216129}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11479977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161790260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264', 'display_name': 'Catalysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D016503', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004343', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Implants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049329', 'descriptor_name': 'Nanostructures', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016503', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016503', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000639', 'qualifier_name': 'trends', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016503', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008832', 'descriptor_name': 'Microchemistry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012825', 'descriptor_name': 'Silicon', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012825', 'descriptor_name': 'Silicon', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.3.4.479', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S51663496', 'display_name': 'Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery', 'issn_l': '1742-5247', 'issn': ['1742-5247', '1744-7593'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822223', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 49, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1655997880', 'https://openalex.org/W1770681837', 'https://openalex.org/W1966661505', 'https://openalex.org/W1969536017', 'https://openalex.org/W1970860685', 'https://openalex.org/W1973701873', 'https://openalex.org/W1986907670', 'https://openalex.org/W1989195046', 'https://openalex.org/W1992906034', 'https://openalex.org/W2000915705', 'https://openalex.org/W2012292312', 'https://openalex.org/W2018116089', 'https://openalex.org/W2018855840', 'https://openalex.org/W2027432882', 'https://openalex.org/W2030590638', 'https://openalex.org/W2030763904', 'https://openalex.org/W2032888813', 'https://openalex.org/W2036512877', 'https://openalex.org/W2048306047', 'https://openalex.org/W2049376758', 'https://openalex.org/W2058856772', 'https://openalex.org/W2059158127', 'https://openalex.org/W206031839', 'https://openalex.org/W2065569312', 'https://openalex.org/W2066955921', 'https://openalex.org/W2071311642', 'https://openalex.org/W2073642634', 'https://openalex.org/W2078125149', 'https://openalex.org/W2078985726', 'https://openalex.org/W2079925200', 'https://openalex.org/W2082584999', 'https://openalex.org/W2087809505', 'https://openalex.org/W2090653185', 'https://openalex.org/W2091983858', 'https://openalex.org/W2093418985', 'https://openalex.org/W2095898308', 'https://openalex.org/W2104025895', 'https://openalex.org/W2135287632', 'https://openalex.org/W2148242208', 'https://openalex.org/W2153552284', 'https://openalex.org/W2153901455', 'https://openalex.org/W2155908573', 'https://openalex.org/W2159588702', 'https://openalex.org/W2163032976', 'https://openalex.org/W2169589056', 'https://openalex.org/W2170952917', 'https://openalex.org/W2418207237', 'https://openalex.org/W2800127022', 'https://openalex.org/W4213243604'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386001256', 'https://openalex.org/W2990359859', 'https://openalex.org/W2952466397', 'https://openalex.org/W2435155211', 'https://openalex.org/W2327770564', 'https://openalex.org/W2088595294', 'https://openalex.org/W2060662791', 'https://openalex.org/W2011288926', 'https://openalex.org/W1999392193', 'https://openalex.org/W1594782001'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'is': [1], 'a': [2, 68, 101, 112, 116], 'review': [3], 'of': [4, 7, 35, 63, 111, 120, 133, 145, 149, 170], 'the': [5, 12, 22, 26, 33, 57, 171], 'application': [6], 'microfabrication': [8, 178], 'technologies,': [9], 'borrowed': [10], 'from': [11, 47], 'semiconductor': [13], 'industry,': [14], 'to': [15], 'drug': [16, 38, 113], 'delivery': [17, 39, 62, 148], 'implants': [18], 'incorporating': [19], 'structures': [20], 'in': [21, 70, 177], 'nanometer': [23], 'dimension.': [24], 'In': [25], 'futuristic': [27], 'ideal,': [28], 'these': [29], 'systems': [30, 40, 75], 'would': [31], 'involve': [32], 'implantation': [34], 'precisely': [36], 'microfabricated': [37, 137], 'with': [41, 50, 85, 115, 160, 174], 'nanopores,': [42], 'nanochannels': [43], 'and/or': [44, 60], 'nanoreservoirs': [45], 'fabricated': [46], 'silicon,': [48], 'coupled': [49], 'electronic': [51], 'sensing': [52], 'and': [53, 72, 151, 153, 163, 181], 'actuator': [54], 'systems,': [55, 172], 'for': [56, 88, 130, 141, 166], 'precise,': [58], 'timed': [59], 'targeted': [61], 'drugs.': [64], 'After': [65], 'more': [66, 91], 'than': [67], 'decade': [69], 'conceptualisation': [71], 'experimentation,': [73], 'four': [74], 'that': [76], 'have': [77], 'commercial': [78], 'potential': [79], 'are': [80, 183], 'discussed:': [81], 'i)': [82], 'implantable': [83, 107], 'microchips': [84], 'on-demand': [86], 'microdosage': [87], 'one': [89], 'or': [90, 97, 124], 'therapeutic': [92], 'agents': [93], 'under': [94], 'internal': [95], 'control': [96, 99], 'external': [98], 'using': [100], 'wireless': [102], 'link;': [103], 'ii)': [104], 'nanopore': [105, 138], 'pumps,': [106, 109], 'titanium': [108], 'consisting': [110], 'reservoir': [114], 'nanopore-release': [117], 'membrane,': [118], 'capable': [119, 144], 'delivering': [121], 'potent': [122], 'small': [123], 'macromolecules': [125], 'at': [126], 'constant': [127], 'serum': [128], 'levels': [129], 'sustained': [131], 'periods': [132], 'time;': [134], 'iii)': [135], 'nanocages,': [136], 'immunoisolation': [139], 'chambers': [140], 'cellular': [142], 'implants,': [143], 'natural': [146], 'feedback-controlled': [147], 'proteins': [150], 'peptides;': [152], 'iv)': [154], 'nanobuckets,': [155], 'micromachined': [156], 'silicon': [157], 'porous': [158], 'particles': [159], 'drug-loading': [161], 'capacity': [162], 'targeting': [164], 'ligands': [165], 'localised': [167], 'delivery.': [168], 'Each': [169], 'along': [173], 'future': [175], 'trends': [176], 'manufacturing,': [179], 'limitations': [180], 'possibilities,': [182], 'discussed.': [184]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086079231', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T16:10:22.928573', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}