The Active Site His-460 of Human Acyl-coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 1 Resides in a Hitherto Undisclosed Transmembrane Domain

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Zhan‐Yun Guo; Lin Song; Jennifer A. Heinen; Catherine C.Y. Chang; Ta‐Yuan Chang
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2883, 2887, 2896, 2916, 2948, 2962, 2971, 2985, 3038, 3055, 3122, 3134, 3145, 3154, 3166, 3173, 3179, 3212, 3241, 3246, 3262, 3272, 3277, 3316, 3325, 3344, 3349, 3355, 3367, 3371, 3383, 3386, 3395, 3398, 3418, 3427, 3444, 3453, 3493, 3500, 3521, 3525, 3533, 3585, 3611, 3620, 3649, 3656, 3671, 3681, 3702, 3731, 3744, 3777, 3797, 3815, 3831, 3839, 3867, 3870, 3876, 3921, 3935, 3943, 3964, 3968, 3971, 3975, 3984, 3989, 4009, 4078, 4090, 4094, 4118, 4123, 4142, 4156, 4188, 4207, 4227, 4237, 4240, 4245, 4267, 4298, 4324, 4340, 4345, 4352, 4368, 4384, 4388, 4397, 4405, 4416, 4437, 4455, 4497, 4509, 4514], 'endoplasmic': [10, 237, 493, 940], 'reticulum': [11, 238, 941], '(ER).': [12, 239], 'We': [13, 123, 240, 350, 1510, 2141, 4519], 'had': [14, 241, 1175, 1643, 1810, 4326], 'previously': [15, 242, 1176, 1939, 2224, 2401, 3213], 'reported': [16, 243], 'that': [17, 111, 244, 338, 529, 659, 673, 769, 777, 839, 1331, 1533, 1748, 1754, 1812, 1833, 1884, 1956, 2011, 3177, 3193, 3264, 3393, 3719, 3742, 3925, 3982, 4061, 4092, 4132, 4367, 4394, 4512], 'hACAT1': [18, 169, 245, 396, 996, 1332, 1427, 2148, 2398, 2513, 3174, 3181, 3196, 3662, 4371], 'contains': [19, 246, 1113, 1164, 1333, 1428], 'seven': [20, 247, 1336], 'transmembrane': [21, 221, 248, 448, 948, 1166], 'domains': [22, 249, 1167], '(TMD)': [23, 250], '(Lin,': [24, 251], 'S.,': [25, 30, 252, 257], 'Cheng,': [26, 253], 'D.,': [27, 254], 'Liu,': [28, 255], 'M.': [29, 256], 'Chen,': [31, 94, 258, 321], 'J.,': [32, 95, 259, 322], 'and': [33, 43, 66, 98, 145, 178, 185, 188, 192, 225, 260, 270, 293, 325, 372, 405, 412, 415, 419, 452, 485, 495, 507, 567, 597, 651, 668, 675, 681, 713, 847, 1060, 1076, 1134, 1206, 1260, 1277, 1297, 1350, 1394, 1469, 1486, 1518, 1540, 1571, 1641, 1720, 1738, 1753, 1764, 1858, 1905, 1928, 1960, 1975, 2157, 2168, 2178, 2212, 2244, 2262, 2287, 2439, 2533, 2569, 2582, 2665, 2800, 2819, 2886, 2914, 2968, 3081, 3121, 3153, 3202, 3244, 3299, 3354, 3385, 3397, 3426, 3452, 3455, 3466, 3584, 3707, 3821, 3838, 3942, 3974, 4033, 4072, 4085, 4211, 4216, 4235, 4239, 4256, 4296, 4378], 'Chang,': [34, 88, 99, 261, 315, 326], 'T.': [35, 262, 719], 'Y.': [36, 263, 785, 1145, 2607, 4167], '(1999)': [37, 264], 'J.': [38, 265, 789, 796, 813, 823, 871, 881, 906, 916, 974, 1020, 1083, 1087, 1092, 1149, 1366, 1369, 1408, 1411, 1447, 1496, 1608, 1791, 2067, 2083, 2101, 2405, 2419, 2494, 2591, 2593, 2620, 2740, 2839, 2862, 2926, 2929, 3562], 'Biol.': [39, 266, 797, 917, 975, 1021, 1093, 1370, 1412, 1448, 1665, 1875, 2033, 2084, 2420, 2495, 2621, 2840, 2930, 3545, 4050, 4479], 'Chem.': [40, 267, 798, 918, 976, 1022, 1094, 1371, 1413, 1449, 1876, 2085, 2421, 2496, 2622, 2841, 2931], '274,': [41, 268], '23276-23285)': [42, 269], 'nine': [44, 271, 1429], 'cysteines.': [45, 272, 1430], 'The': [46, 73, 151, 161, 201, 273, 300, 378, 388, 428, 845, 994, 1108, 1202, 1322, 1385, 1473, 1530, 1675, 1918, 2183, 2236, 2386, 2447, 2482, 2764, 2778, 2951, 3009, 3025, 3093, 3169, 3330, 3400, 3423, 3486, 3576, 3593, 3625, 3691, 3737, 3762, 3889, 3953, 4081], 'Cys': [47, 274], 'near': [48, 59, 275, 286, 1110, 1387, 1734, 1742], 'N-terminal': [50, 277, 1112, 1119, 1340, 1736, 2394, 2511], 'is': [51, 115, 278, 342, 475, 488, 525, 744, 1072, 1130, 1391, 1435, 1465, 1542, 1552, 1831, 1863, 1913, 1942, 2019, 2133, 2199, 3791, 4130, 4396, 4403], 'located': [52, 68, 79, 216, 279, 295, 306, 443, 490, 1342, 1354, 1543, 1767, 2200, 3997], 'cytoplasm;': [55, 282], 'two': [57, 284, 655, 662, 1908], 'cysteines': [58, 77, 166, 285, 304, 393, 1434, 1565, 2164, 3835, 3924], 'C-terminal': [61, 288, 1352, 1389, 1696, 1706, 1818, 1837], 'form': [62, 289, 1907, 2227], 'a': [63, 116, 207, 218, 290, 343, 434, 445, 476, 481, 526, 641, 773, 1114, 1125, 1210, 1216, 1303, 1466, 1534, 1627, 1645, 1892, 1947, 2134, 2189, 2202, 2206, 2319, 2335, 2475, 2660, 2902, 3029, 3140, 3150, 3303, 3389, 3437, 3449, 3686, 3948, 3999, 4062, 4152, 4182, 4492, 4504], 'disulfide': [64, 291, 1516, 1535], 'bond': [65, 292], 'are': [67, 78, 153, 294, 305, 380, 605, 1573, 1583, 1591, 1624, 1766, 1777, 4427], 'in': [69, 80, 138, 296, 307, 365, 480, 516, 537, 572, 616, 679, 684, 688, 736, 858, 998, 1051, 1074, 1077, 1195, 1327, 1343, 1355, 1544, 1635, 1825, 1896, 1930, 1972, 2017, 2193, 2201, 2225, 2295, 2310, 2316, 2339, 2462, 2474, 2527, 2574, 2678, 2795, 2954, 2980, 2991, 3016, 3047, 3070, 3199, 3271, 3310, 3359, 3433, 3483, 3507, 3524, 3642, 3782, 3794, 3807, 3836, 3869, 3893, 3978, 3995, 4066, 4103, 4229, 4251, 4358, 4375, 4414, 4422, 4433, 4436, 4444, 4450, 4464, 4467], 'ER': [71, 186, 193, 298, 413, 420, 1242, 1262, 1283, 1320, 1357, 1549, 1588, 1773, 2172], 'lumen.': [72, 299], 'other': [74, 301, 733, 1248, 1562, 1750, 2170], 'six': [75, 302], 'free': [76, 303, 532, 1525, 1564, 3834, 3923], 'buried': [81, 308, 1585], 'region(s)': [82, 309], 'of': [83, 131, 163, 167, 310, 358, 390, 394, 483, 499, 551, 562, 587, 608, 611, 647, 850, 856, 960, 1042, 1187, 1240, 1281, 1314, 1347, 1432, 1481, 1523, 1527, 1547, 1557, 1596, 1688, 1694, 1697, 1729, 1756, 1819, 1838, 1901, 1921, 1946, 1980, 1984, 2015, 2062, 2147, 2155, 2161, 2216, 2397, 2538, 2693, 2755, 2910, 2987, 3043, 3078, 3086, 3103, 3133, 3172, 3178, 3188, 3319, 3328, 3394, 3417, 3529, 3579, 3588, 3614, 3623, 3661, 3670, 3716, 3765, 3896, 3902, 3970, 4002, 4122, 4145, 4187, 4209, 4244, 4342, 4344, 4354, 4383, 4400, 4420], 'enzyme': [85, 312, 478, 528, 1123, 1129, 1827, 1986, 2580, 4111, 4303, 4445], '(Guo,': [86, 313], 'Z.-Y.,': [87, 314], 'C.': [89, 90, 316, 317, 697, 787, 1081, 1143, 2069, 2082], 'Y.,': [91, 318], 'Lu,': [92, 319], 'X.,': [93, 320], 'Li,': [96, 323], 'B.-L.,': [97, 324], 'T.-Y.': [100, 327, 1500, 1612, 1795, 2744, 2866, 3566], '(2005)': [101, 328], 'Biochemistry': [102, 329], '44,': [103, 330], '6537-6548).': [104, 331], 'In': [105, 332, 653, 1244, 1638, 1805, 1850, 2117, 4030, 4127, 4361], 'current': [107, 334, 1049, 2119], 'study,': [108, 335], 'we': [109, 336, 1174, 1809, 2121, 4213, 4365, 4392], 'show': [110, 337, 1532], 'conserved': [113, 340, 2131, 3991, 4068, 4438, 4456], 'His-460': [114, 215, 341, 442, 2016, 2132, 2198, 3973, 4215, 4259, 4395], 'key': [117, 344, 527, 2135], 'active': [118, 213, 345, 440, 1132, 1982, 2136, 2196, 4010, 4079, 4143, 4398, 4406], 'site': [119, 214, 346, 441, 776, 1983, 2137, 2197, 4011, 4144, 4158, 4399], 'residue': [120, 347, 1970, 2138, 2953, 3993, 4064, 4154, 4184], 'for': [121, 348, 595, 644, 661, 1437, 1631, 1648, 2021, 2139, 2571, 2578, 2637, 2667, 2686, 3060, 3296, 3407, 3440, 3602, 3633, 3677, 3759, 3785, 3826, 3850, 3852, 3864, 3916, 3983, 4490], 'hACAT1.': [122, 349, 2140, 4390, 4401], 'next': [124, 351, 2142], 'performed': [125, 352, 2123], 'Cys-scanning': [126, 353, 2051, 2151], 'mutagenesis': [127, 354, 2052, 2125, 2152, 2702, 2731, 2884, 2949], 'within': [128, 217, 355, 444, 1586, 1593, 1846, 2205, 3998, 4069], 'region': [130, 357, 1109, 1120, 1341, 1353, 1386, 4516], 'amino': [132, 359, 952, 2907, 4004, 4221], 'acids': [133, 360, 4222], '354-493,': [134, 361], 'expressed': [135, 362, 997, 1191, 4102, 4226, 4374, 4386], 'these': [136, 363, 636, 1922, 2217], 'mutants': [137, 364, 2696, 2712, 2784, 2823, 2897, 3175, 3480, 3723, 4228], 'Chinese': [139, 366, 937, 999], 'hamster': [140, 367, 467, 938, 1000], 'ovary': [141, 368, 939, 1001], 'cells': [142, 369, 1002, 1079, 1199, 1203, 2459, 2524, 2561, 2648, 2651, 2993, 3013, 3026, 3069, 3192, 3243, 3476, 3718, 4231, 4469], 'lacking': [143, 370], 'ACAT1,': [144, 371, 1632, 1958, 4070], 'prepared': [146, 373, 2294, 2333, 2698, 3305, 3491, 3729], 'microsomes': [147, 152, 374, 379, 3745, 3868], 'from': [148, 375, 534, 590, 854, 1045, 1703, 1816, 1835, 2007, 2256, 2266, 2272, 2354, 2361, 2368, 2376, 2382, 2445, 2454, 2652, 2704, 2770, 2787, 2975, 3875], 'transfected': [149, 376, 2534, 3011], 'cells.': [150, 377, 486, 4360, 4424], 'either': [154, 381, 1584, 4133], 'left': [155, 382], 'intact': [156, 383, 1078, 2992], 'or': [157, 384, 1213, 1590, 2330, 2515, 2543, 2716, 2725, 3283, 3288, 3527, 3750, 3752, 3768, 3801, 3931, 4135, 4137, 4264, 4289], 'permeabilized': [158, 385], 'with': [159, 211, 386, 438, 1208, 1214, 1338, 1626, 1779, 1951, 2050, 2180, 2469, 2535, 2673, 2803, 2817, 2970, 3075, 3282, 3287, 3324, 3619, 3748, 3799, 3802, 3929, 3932, 4097, 4219, 4429], 'detergent.': [160, 387, 1218], 'accessibility': [162, 389], 'engineered': [165, 392, 2163, 2518], 'microsomal': [168, 395, 3266, 3278, 3345, 3534], 'to': [170, 205, 397, 432, 556, 601, 831, 989, 1006, 1038, 1136, 1224, 1229, 1232, 1264, 1270, 1273, 1310, 1513, 1519, 1576, 1707, 1713, 1822, 1852, 2057, 2127, 2187, 2508, 2530, 2552, 2654, 2659, 2707, 2773, 2958, 3054, 3098, 3149, 3211, 3239, 3315, 3342, 3382, 3392, 3448, 3520, 3610, 3648, 3668, 3685, 3947, 4441, 4458, 4461, 4495, 4507], 'various': [171, 398, 685, 1184, 1594, 1709, 2063, 2517], 'maleimide': [172, 399, 2174, 3877], 'derivatives,': [173, 400], 'including': [174, 401, 649, 1236], 'mPEG5000-maleimide': [175, 402, 947, 1463], '(large,': [176, 403], 'hydrophilic,': [177, 184, 404, 411], 'membrane-impermeant),': [179, 406], 'N-ethylmaleimide,': [180, 407], '4-acetamido-4′-maleimidylstilbene-2,2′-disulfonic': [181, 408, 2268], 'acid': [182, 409, 1180, 2269, 2366, 2908, 4005], '(small,': [183, 190, 410, 417], 'membrane-permeant),': [187, 194, 414, 421], 'N-phenylmaleimide': [189, 416, 946, 2260], 'hydrophobic,': [191, 418], 'were': [195, 422, 1204, 1295, 1300, 2265, 2292, 2399, 2444, 2460, 2525, 2562, 2649, 2657, 2683, 2697, 2727, 2759, 2890, 3014, 3027, 3073, 3096, 3124, 3137, 3147, 3158, 3197, 3268, 3280, 3351, 3357, 3380, 3402, 3421, 3431, 3446, 3459, 3481, 3490, 3596, 3627, 3675, 3683, 3694, 3728, 3746, 3779, 3804, 3873, 3891, 3938, 3945, 3956], 'monitored': [196, 423, 1301], 'by': [197, 424, 750, 837, 868, 1140, 1200, 1684, 1937, 2046, 2149, 2165, 2761, 2791, 2796, 2892, 2960, 2966, 3083, 3127, 3160, 3184, 3204, 3208, 3461, 3492, 3679, 3696, 3730, 3879, 3940, 3958, 4083, 4223, 4232, 4262, 4265, 4287, 4290, 4318, 4351, 4387], 'Western': [198, 425, 1487, 3161, 3462, 3697, 3959], 'blot': [199, 426, 1488, 3162, 3463, 3698, 3960], 'analysis.': [200, 427], 'results': [202, 429, 1323, 1531, 1623, 1806, 2184, 2218, 4362, 4426], 'led': [203, 430, 1821, 2185, 4440, 4460], 'us': [204, 431, 1309, 2186], 'construct': [206, 433, 2188, 2877, 2917], 'revised,': [208, 435, 2190], 'nine-TMD': [209, 436], 'model,': [210, 437, 1677, 1861], 'hitherto': [219, 446], 'undisclosed': [220, 447], 'domain,': [222, 449], 'between': [223, 450, 1538, 2210, 2912, 3833], 'Arg-443': [224, 451, 2211], 'Tyr-462.': [226, 453, 2213], 'Acyl-coenzyme': [454], '(ACAT)': [457], '2The': [458], 'abbreviations': [459], 'used': [460, 1511, 2055, 2507, 2728, 2881, 2946, 3676, 3849, 3863, 3878], 'are:': [461], 'ACATacyl-coenzyme': [462], 'acyltransferaseAMS4-acetamido-4′maleimidylstilbene-2′disulfonic': [464], 'acid;': [465], 'CHOChinese': [466], 'ovaryERendoplasmic': [468], 'reticulumHAhemagglutininIAiodoacetamideME2-mercaptoethanolNEMN-ethylmaleimideNPMN-phenylmaleimidePEG-malmPEG5000-maleimideTMDtransmembrane': [469], 'domainWTwild': [470], 'typeaaamino': [471], 'acid(s)PVDFpolyvinylidene': [472], 'difluorideHRPhorseradish': [473], 'peroxidase': [474, 957], 'membrane-bound': [477, 3985], 'present': [479, 2677], 'variety': [482], 'tissues': [484, 686], 'It': [487], 'mainly': [489], 'reticulum,': [494], 'catalyzes': [496], 'biosynthesis': [498], 'cholesteryl': [500, 547, 580], 'esters,': [501], 'using': [502, 1289, 2047, 2166, 2546, 2699, 3163, 3464, 3699, 3961], 'long-chain': [503], 'fatty': [504], 'A': [506, 1719, 2214, 2297, 3361, 3509, 3809, 3847, 3858], 'as': [509, 549, 781, 1252, 1633, 1679, 1891, 1915, 1926, 1978, 2318, 2334, 2718, 2729, 2776, 2828, 2882, 2947, 3022, 3165, 3291, 3370, 3496, 3701, 3734, 3754, 3963, 4141, 4155, 4185, 4305, 4307], 'its': [510, 782, 991, 1171, 2516, 2544], 'substrates.': [511], 'ACAT': [512, 575, 638, 656, 1826, 2579, 2977, 4110], 'plays': [513], 'important': [514, 4412], 'roles': [515], 'homeostasis.': [518], 'At': [519, 541], 'single': [521, 2661], 'cell': [522, 539, 593, 1061, 1234, 2485, 3094, 3248, 3488, 3522, 3714], 'level,': [523, 544], 'it': [524, 545, 1746, 1830, 2313, 4106, 4129, 4333, 4379, 4409], 'prevents': [530], 'excess': [531, 577, 3326, 3621], 'building': [535], 'up': [536, 841], 'membranes.': [540, 1243, 1284, 1321, 1550, 1559, 1774], 'physiological': [543], 'contributes': [546], 'esters': [548], 'part': [550, 1979, 4186], 'neutral': [553], 'lipid': [554], 'cargo,': [555], 'be': [557, 832, 865, 1004, 1137, 1935, 4077, 4373], 'packaged': [558], 'into': [559, 579, 1124, 2566, 2812], 'cores': [561], 'very': [563, 1392], 'low': [564, 1040], 'density': [565], 'lipoproteins': [566], 'chylomicrons.': [568], 'Under': [569], 'pathophysiological': [570], 'condition,': [571, 2279, 2328], 'cholesterol-loaded': [573], 'macrophages,': [574], 'converts': [576, 598, 1121], 'esters.': [581], 'This': [582, 827, 1306], 'action': [583], 'reduces': [584], 'amount': [586, 3171, 3327, 3622], 'available': [589, 766], 'macrophage': [592], 'surface': [594], 'efflux': [596], 'macrophages': [600], 'foam': [602], 'cells,': [603, 4105, 4377], 'which': [604, 1882, 2194], 'hallmark': [607], 'early': [609], 'lesions': [610], 'disease': [613], 'atherosclerosis': [614, 650], '(reviewed': [615, 687], 'Ref.': [617], '1Chang': [618], 'T.Y.': [619, 691, 795, 821, 879, 915, 973, 1019, 1091, 1153, 1368, 1410, 1446, 2031, 2235, 2418, 2493, 2619, 2838, 2928, 2999, 3217, 3543, 4477], 'Chang': [620, 692, 792, 794, 814, 820, 872, 878, 893, 914, 972, 1012, 1018, 1088, 1090, 1150, 1152, 1367, 1409, 1443, 1445, 1491, 1499, 1603, 1611, 1786, 1794, 2028, 2030, 2232, 2234, 2417, 2492, 2594, 2618, 2735, 2743, 2835, 2837, 2857, 2865, 2927, 2998, 3220, 3540, 3542, 3557, 3565, 4474, 4476], 'C.C.Y.': [621, 693, 815, 873, 886, 967, 1009, 1089, 1151, 1444, 1492, 1604, 1787, 2029, 2233, 2403, 2736, 2836, 2858, 2995, 3221, 3541, 3558, 4475], 'Cheng': [622, 1361, 1403, 2408, 2921], 'D.': [623, 1362, 1404, 2409, 2922], 'Annu.': [624], 'Rev.': [625], 'Biochem.': [626, 822, 880, 1990, 3223, 4015], '1997;': [627], '66:': [628], '613-638Crossref': [629], 'PubMed': [630, 708, 726, 807, 927, 983, 1031, 1103, 1158, 1380, 1422, 1458, 1505, 1617, 1670, 1800, 2000, 2038, 2074, 2112, 2430, 2503, 2631, 2749, 2850, 2871, 2940, 3004, 3227, 3550, 3571, 4025, 4055, 4173, 4200, 4484], 'Scopus': [631, 709, 727, 808, 928, 1032, 1104, 1159, 1381, 1423, 1459, 1506, 1618, 1671, 1801, 2001, 2039, 2075, 2094, 2113, 2431, 2632, 2750, 2851, 2872, 2941, 3005, 3228, 3551, 3572, 4026, 4056, 4174, 4201, 4485], '(442)': [632], 'Google': [633, 711, 729, 810, 930, 984, 1034, 1106, 1161, 1383, 1425, 1461, 1508, 1620, 1673, 1803, 2003, 2041, 2077, 2096, 2115, 2252, 2433, 2504, 2634, 2752, 2853, 2874, 2943, 3007, 3230, 3553, 3574, 4028, 4058, 4176, 4203, 4487], 'Scholar).': [634, 730, 826, 931, 1035, 1107, 1162, 1384, 1426, 1462, 1509, 1621, 1674, 1804, 2004, 2042, 2116, 2253, 2434, 2635, 2753, 3008, 3231, 3575, 4029, 4204, 4488], 'For': [635, 2275, 2324, 2520, 2711, 2821, 2895, 3773, 3841, 4147], 'reasons,': [637], 'has': [639, 2053, 2221], 'been': [640, 2054, 2222], 'drug': [642], 'target': [643], 'pharmaceutical': [645], 'intervention': [646], 'diseases,': [648], 'hyperlipidemia.': [652], 'mammals,': [654], 'genes': [657], 'exist': [658], 'encode': [660], 'similar': [663], 'but': [664, 1064, 4276, 4408], 'different': [665, 2181, 4220], 'proteins,': [666], 'ACAT1': [667, 674, 741, 770, 830, 857, 963, 1071, 1163, 1482, 1598, 1649, 1705, 1820, 1839, 1848, 1941, 2695, 2766, 2783, 3063, 3155, 3456, 3692, 3722, 3837, 3954, 4096, 4125, 4355, 4421, 4498, 4510], 'ACAT2.': [669], 'Available': [670], 'evidence': [671, 767], 'suggests': [672, 768], 'ACAT2': [676, 743, 851, 862], 'may': [677, 771, 863, 1395, 1906, 1976, 4139, 4410], 'function': [678], 'distinct': [680, 774], 'complementary': [682], 'manners': [683], 'Refs.': [689], '2Chang': [690], 'Lin': [694, 897, 1084, 1441, 2230, 2833], 'S.': [695, 898, 902, 1085, 1360, 1402, 1442, 2025, 2107, 2231, 2834, 2920, 3537, 4471], 'Yu': [696, 786], 'Li': [698, 1497, 1609, 1792, 2616, 2741, 2863, 3563], 'B.L.': [699, 2617], 'Miyazaki': [700], 'A.': [701, 913, 2080, 2108, 3275, 3898, 4193], 'Curr.': [702, 720], 'Opin.': [703, 721], 'Lipidol.': [704, 722], '2001;': [705, 723, 2071], '12:': [706, 724], '289-296Crossref': [707], '(211)': [710], 'Scholar': [712], '3Rudel': [714], 'L.': [715, 2587, 2611, 4164], 'Lee': [716, 891, 899, 1010, 1656, 2588, 4041], 'R.': [717, 896, 904, 2613], 'Cockman': [718], '121-127Crossref': [725], '(210)': [728], 'Unlike': [731], 'many': [732], 'enzymes/proteins': [734], 'involved': [735], 'cellular': [737], 'metabolism,': [739], 'neither': [740], 'nor': [742, 4331], 'regulated': [745, 867, 1139], 'transcription': [748], 'level': [749, 4121], 'cholesterol-dependent': [752], 'SREBP': [753], '(sterol': [754], 'regulatory': [755, 761, 775], 'element-binding': [756, 762], 'protein)': [757], 'cleavage-activating': [758], 'protein': [759, 763, 1043, 1599, 2583, 3156, 3457, 4119, 4241, 4273, 4310, 4337, 4356, 4451, 4465], '(SCAP)/sterol': [760], 'pathway.': [764], 'Instead,': [765], 'contain': [772, 1396, 1899, 3265, 3743], 'specifically': [778], 'recognizes': [779], 'activator': [783], '(4Zhang': [784], 'Liu': [788, 1086, 1363, 1405, 2923], 'Spencer': [790], 'T.A.': [791], 'C.C.': [793, 2595], '2003;': [799, 2035, 2086, 2109, 3547, 4481], '278:': [800], '11642-11647Abstract': [801], 'Full': [802, 804, 922, 924, 980, 1026, 1028, 1098, 1100, 1375, 1377, 1417, 1419, 1453, 1455, 1995, 1997, 2089, 2091, 2425, 2427, 2500, 2626, 2628, 2845, 2847, 2935, 2937, 4020, 4022], 'Text': [803, 805, 923, 925, 981, 1027, 1029, 1099, 1101, 1376, 1378, 1418, 1420, 1454, 1456, 1996, 1998, 2090, 2092, 2426, 2428, 2501, 2627, 2629, 2846, 2848, 2936, 2938, 4021, 4023], 'PDF': [806, 926, 982, 1030, 1102, 1379, 1421, 1457, 1999, 2093, 2429, 2502, 2630, 2849, 2939, 4024], '(60)': [809], 'Scholar,': [811, 884, 2078, 2097, 2854, 3554], '5Liu': [812], 'Westover': [816, 874], 'E.J.': [817, 875], 'Covey': [818, 876], 'D.F.': [819, 877], '2005;': [824, 882, 1502, 1614, 1797, 2746, 2868, 3568], '390Google': [825, 883], 'mechanism': [828], 'allows': [829], 'up-regulated': [833], 'rapidly': [834], '(within': [835], 'minutes)': [836], 'builds': [840], 'ER.': [844], 'enzymological': [846, 1059], 'biochemical': [848, 992], 'characteristics': [849], 'significantly': [852], 'diverge': [853], 'those': [855], 'several': [859], 'ways;': [860], 'however,': [861], 'also': [864, 1725], 'allosterically': [866, 1138], '(5Liu': [870], '6Chang': [885], 'Sakashita': [887], 'N.': [888, 4166], 'Ornvold': [889, 2614], 'K.': [890, 1659, 1872, 1988, 2615, 4013, 4044], 'O.': [892, 2589], 'E.': [894], 'Dong': [895, 2612], 'C.Y.G.': [900, 1011], 'Strom': [901], 'Kashyap': [903], 'Fung': [905], 'Farese': [907], 'Jr.,': [908], 'R.V.': [909], 'Patoiseau': [910], 'J.F.': [911], 'Delhon': [912], '2000;': [919, 1667, 1992, 4017, 4052, 4197], '275:': [920], '28083-28092Abstract': [921], '(187)': [929], '4-acetamido-4′': [935], '′': [936], 'hemagglutinin': [942], 'iodoacetamide': [943, 2263], '2-mercaptoethanol': [944, 3301, 3365, 3607], 'N-ethylmaleimide': [945, 2258], 'domain': [949], 'wild': [950], 'type': [951], 'acid(s)': [953], 'polyvinylidene': [954], 'difluoride': [955], 'horseradish': [956], 'Molecular': [958, 2273, 2363], 'cloning': [959], 'human': [962], 'gene': [965, 2767], '(7Chang': [966], 'Huh': [968], 'H.Y.': [969], 'Cadigan': [970], 'K.M.': [971, 2489], '1993;': [977, 1878], '268:': [978], '20747-20755Abstract': [979], 'Scholar)': [985, 2505, 2944, 4059], 'provided': [986, 4107], 'opportunity': [988], 'study': [990], 'properties.': [993], 'recombinant': [995], 'can': [1003], 'purified': [1005], 'homogeneity': [1007], '(8Chang': [1008], 'E.T.': [1013], 'Cruz': [1014], 'J.C.': [1015], 'Levesque': [1016], 'M.C.': [1017], '1998;': [1023], '273:': [1024], '35132-35141Abstract': [1025], '(108)': [1033], 'However,': [1036, 1745, 4282], 'due': [1037], 'quantities': [1041], 'derived': [1044, 1855], 'purification': [1047], 'process,': [1048], 'efforts': [1050], 'our': [1052, 4430], 'laboratory': [1053, 2009], 'focus': [1054], 'on': [1055, 1484, 2241, 2641, 2714, 2825, 2899, 3725, 4089], 'studies': [1056, 2585], 'biological': [1062], 'levels,': [1063, 4275], 'not': [1065, 1574, 1807, 1934, 2308, 3927, 4116, 4363, 4404], 'structural': [1068, 1844, 4417], 'biology': [1069], 'level.': [1070], 'homotetrameric': [1073], 'vitro': [1075], '(9Yu': [1080], 'Chen': [1082, 1148, 1365, 1407, 1495, 1607, 1790, 2404, 2590, 2592, 2739, 2861, 2925, 3561], '1999;': [1095, 1372, 1414, 2932], '274:': [1096, 1373, 1415, 2933], '36139-36145Abstract': [1097], '(65)': [1105], 'dimerization': [1115], 'motif.': [1116], 'Deleting': [1117], 'homodimer;': [1126], 'dimeric': [1128], 'fully': [1131], 'catalytically,': [1133], 'remains': [1135], '(10Yu': [1142], 'Zhang': [1144], 'Lu': [1146, 1493, 1605, 1788, 2026, 2737, 2859, 3538, 3559, 4472], 'X.H.': [1147, 1440, 2832], 'Biochemistry.': [1154, 1501, 1613, 1796, 2070, 2745, 2867, 3000, 3567], '2002;': [1155, 1450, 2251, 2842], '41:': [1156], '3762-3769Crossref': [1157], '(34)': [1160], 'multiple': [1165], '(TMDs).': [1168], 'To': [1169, 4205], 'deduce': [1170], 'membrane': [1172, 1398, 2060, 2064, 2145, 2372, 3688, 3950], 'topology,': [1173], 'inserted': [1177], 'nine-amino': [1179], 'HA': [1181, 1293, 1316, 2903], 'tag': [1182, 1294, 1317, 1690, 2904], 'hydrophilic': [1185, 1468], 'regions': [1186, 1595, 1900, 2154], 'protein,': [1189, 1699], 'then': [1190, 2684, 2801, 3300], 'tagged': [1193], 'proteins': [1194, 2065, 3146, 3445, 3682, 3944], 'ACAT-deficient': [1197], 'AC29': [1198, 2487, 2523, 3012, 3191, 3475, 3717, 4104, 4230], 'transfection.': [1201], 'fixed': [1205], 'treated': [1207, 3281, 3747], 'digitonin,': [1209], 'binder,': [1212], 'saponin,': [1215, 3285], 'weak': [1217], 'Digitonin': [1219], 'causes': [1220, 1255, 1476], 'plasma': [1222, 1258], 'membranes': [1223, 1259, 1263], 'become': [1225, 1265], 'permeable,': [1226, 1266], 'allowing': [1227, 1267], 'antibodies': [1228, 1269, 1290, 2389], 'gain': [1230, 1271], 'access': [1231, 1272], 'cytosol,': [1235], 'cytoplasmic': [1238, 1276, 1345, 1555, 1770], 'side': [1239, 1346, 1556, 1771], 'contrast,': [1245, 1639, 4031], 'saponin': [1246, 3530, 3589], '(or': [1247], 'mild': [1249], 'detergents': [1250], 'such': [1251], 'Triton': [1253], 'X-100)': [1254], 'both': [1256, 1274], 'luminal': [1279], 'sides': [1280], 'After': [1285, 3143, 3232, 3260, 3347, 3442, 3605, 3813], 'selective': [1286], 'permeabilization,': [1287], 'immunostainings': [1288], 'against': [1291, 2392], 'performed,': [1296], 'signals': [1299], 'under': [1302, 1578, 2277, 2326, 3472, 3663, 3710], 'fluorescence': [1304], 'microscope.': [1305], 'method': [1307, 2983, 3495, 3733], 'enabled': [1308], 'determine': [1311, 4206], 'sidedness': [1313, 1687], 'along': [1318], 'obtained,': [1324], 'summarized': [1325, 1634, 1678, 1914], 'below': [1326], 'Fig.': [1328, 1636, 1680, 1897, 1916, 1931, 4252], '1A,': [1329], 'suggested': [1330, 3981], 'least': [1335, 1865], 'TMDs,': [1337, 1924], 'ER,': [1349], 'lumen': [1358, 1546], '(11Lin': [1359, 1401, 2919], 'M.S.': [1364, 1406, 2924], '23276-23285Abstract': [1374, 1416, 2934], '(76)': [1382, 1424, 2942], 'half': [1390], 'hydrophobic': [1393, 1886, 2203, 4003], 'additional': [1397, 1909, 1923, 3635], 'embedded': [1399], 'segment(s)': [1400], 'None': [1431], 'required': [1436], 'catalysis': [1438, 2023], '(12Lu': [1439, 2831], '277:': [1451, 2843], '711-718Abstract': [1452, 2844], '(16)': [1460, 2852], '(PEG-mal)': [1464], 'large,': [1467], 'membrane-impermeant': [1470], 'sulfhydryl-specific': [1471], 'reagent.': [1472], 'PEG': [1474], 'attachment': [1475], 'an': [1477, 1967, 2906, 3634], 'easily': [1478], 'detectable': [1479, 4328, 4336], 'shift': [1480], 'band': [1483], 'SDS-PAGE': [1485, 3104, 3411], '(13Guo': [1489, 1601, 1784, 2733], 'Z.-Y.': [1490, 1602, 1785, 2734, 2856, 3556], 'X.': [1494, 1606, 1789, 2027, 2229, 2738, 2860, 3539, 3560, 4473], 'B.-L.': [1498, 1610, 1793, 2742, 2864, 3564], '44:': [1503, 1615, 1798, 2747, 2869, 3569], '6537-6548Crossref': [1504, 1616, 1799, 2748, 2870, 3570], '(26)': [1507, 1619, 1802, 2751, 2873, 3573], 'PEG-mal': [1512, 1577, 1781, 2048, 2167, 2329, 3290, 3470, 3504, 3580, 3908], 'map': [1514], 'linkage': [1517], 'probe': [1520], 'environment': [1522, 2160], 'sulfhydryls': [1526], 'enzyme.': [1529], 'bond,': [1536], 'formed': [1537], 'Cys-528': [1539], 'Cys-546,': [1541], 'Cys-92': [1551, 2952], 'All': [1560, 2754], 'remaining': [1563, 3657], '(Cys-333,': [1566], 'Cys-345,': [1567, 1761], 'Cys-365,': [1568, 1762], 'Cys-387,': [1569, 1763], 'Cys-467,': [1570, 1765], 'Cys-516)': [1572], 'accessible': [1575], 'native': [1579], 'condition;': [1580], 'thus,': [1581], 'they': [1582, 4277], 'membranes,': [1589], 'folded': [1592], 'itself': [1600], 'These': [1622, 1775, 4113, 4425], 'consistent': [1625, 4428], 'modified,': [1628], '7-TMD': [1629, 1715, 1856], 'model': [1630, 1647, 1716, 1724, 1857, 2192], '1C.': [1637], 'Joyce': [1640, 4032, 4084], 'colleagues': [1642, 4034, 4086], 'proposed': [1644, 4060], '5-TMD': [1646, 1676, 1723, 1860], '(25Joyce': [1650, 4035], 'C.W.': [1651, 4036], 'Shelness': [1652, 4037], 'G.S.': [1653, 4038], 'Davis': [1654, 4039], 'M.A.': [1655, 2407, 4040], 'R.G.': [1657, 4042], 'Skinner': [1658, 4043], 'Anderson': [1660, 4045], 'R.A.': [1661, 4046], 'Rudel': [1662, 4047], 'L.L.': [1663, 4048], 'Mol.': [1664, 2032, 3544, 4049, 4478], 'Cell.': [1666, 2034, 3546, 4051, 4480], '11:': [1668, 4053], '3675-3687Crossref': [1669, 4054], '(102)': [1672, 4057], '1B,': [1681], 'was': [1682, 2255, 2271, 2307, 2314, 2332, 2353, 2360, 2367, 2375, 2381, 2453, 2506, 2768, 2785, 2810, 2880, 2945, 2956, 3052, 3119, 3182, 3313, 3518, 3581, 3590, 3608, 3652, 3770, 3818, 3848, 3862, 3909, 4087, 4101, 4260, 4285, 4316, 4348], 'deduced': [1683], 'monitoring': [1685], 'end': [1693], 'after': [1700, 2645, 3067, 3689, 3951], 'successive': [1701], 'deletions': [1702], 'produce': [1708], 'truncated': [1710], 'ACAT1s.': [1711], 'Similar': [1712], '(Fig.': [1717, 4292, 4320], '1,': [1718, 4075], 'C),': [1721], 'proposes': [1726], 'existence': [1728, 1920], 'first': [1731, 2122], 'four': [1732], 'TMDs': [1733], 'half,': [1737], 'last': [1740], 'TMD': [1741, 1751, 1867], 'C-terminal.': [1744], 'predicts': [1747, 1883], 'no': [1749, 4108, 4327], 'exists,': [1752], 'all': [1755], 'followings': [1758], 'cysteines:': [1759], 'Cys-333,': [1760], 'predictions': [1776], 'incompatible': [1778], 'modification': [1782, 2045, 2276, 2325, 2639, 2688, 3429, 3594, 3673, 3816, 3844, 3855, 3871, 3936], 'data': [1783], 'shown,': [1808, 4364], 'found': [1811, 4366], 'even': [1813], 'modest': [1814], 'truncation(s)': [1815, 1834], 'total': [1823, 3672], 'inactivation': [1824], 'activity.': [1828, 4112, 4281], 'Thus,': [1829], 'possible': [1832, 1919, 4131], 'might': [1840, 4007, 4076], 'have': [1841], 'caused': [1842, 4350], 'major': [1843], 'alteration(s)': [1845], 'polypeptide.': [1849], 'addition': [1851], 'experimentally': [1854], 'there': [1862], 'one': [1866], 'algorithm,': [1868], 'called': [1869], 'TMbase': [1870], '(28Hofmann': [1871], 'Stoffel': [1873], 'W.': [1874], 'Hoppe-Seyler.': [1877], '347:': [1879], '166Google': [1880], 'Scholar),': [1881, 2875, 4177], 'segments': [1887], '(aa': [1888], '354-493),': [1889], 'depicted': [1890, 1925], 'long': [1893, 4000], 'red': [1894], 'bar': [1895], '1C,': [1898], 'high': [1902], 'helical': [1903], 'propensity,': [1904], 'TMDs;': [1910], 'this': [1911, 1965, 2008], 'prediction': [1912], '1D.': [1917], 'TMD6': [1927], '#7': [1929], '1D,': [1932], 'could': [1933, 4372], 'ascertained': [1936], 'methodologies': [1938], 'employed.': [1940], 'prototypic': [1944], 'member': [1945], 'multimembrane-spanning': [1948], 'family': [1950], 'more': [1952], 'than': [1953], '20': [1954, 3041], 'members': [1955], 'include': [1957], 'ACAT2,': [1959, 4071], 'diacylglycerol': [1961, 4073], '1.': [1963], 'Within': [1964], 'family,': [1966], 'invariant': [1968], 'His': [1969, 3992, 4153], '(His-460': [1971, 3994], 'hACAT1)': [1973], 'exists': [1974], 'constitute': [1977, 4008], '(14Hofmann': [1987, 4012], 'Trends': [1989, 4014], 'Sci.': [1991, 2105, 4016, 4169], '25:': [1993, 3002, 4018], '111-112Abstract': [1994, 4019], '(391)': [2002, 4027], 'Previous': [2005], 'work': [2006], 'showed': [2010], 'His-434,': [2012], 'equivalent': [2014], 'hACAT1,': [2018], 'essential': [2020], 'hACAT2': [2022], '(15Lin': [2024, 3536, 4470], '14:': [2036, 3548, 4482], '2447-2460Crossref': [2037, 3549, 4483], '(74)': [2040, 3552, 4486], 'Recently,': [2043], 'chemical': [2044, 2638, 2687], 'together': [2049], 'successfully': [2056], 'investigate': [2058], 'topology': [2061, 2146, 4511], '(16Lu': [2066], 'Deutsch': [2068, 2081], '40:': [2072], '13288-13301Crossref': [2073], '(85)': [2076], '17Kosolapov': [2079], '287:': [2087], '4305-4313Abstract': [2088], '(31)': [2095], '18Katzen': [2098], 'F.': [2099], 'Beckwith': [2100], 'Proc.': [2102], 'Natl.': [2103], 'Acad.': [2104, 4168], 'U.': [2106], '100:': [2110], '10471-10476Crossref': [2111], '(41)': [2114], 'work,': [2120], 'site-specific': [2124, 4224], 'experiments': [2126], 'test': [2128], 'if': [2129], 're-investigated': [2143], 'performing': [2150], 'interest,': [2156], 'probed': [2158], 'three': [2169, 2567], 'small,': [2171], 'membrane-permeant': [2173], 'derivatives': [2175], '(NEM,': [2176], 'AMS,': [2177, 3706, 3751, 3767], 'NPM)': [2179], 'hydrophobicity.': [2182], '9-TMD': [2191], 'environment,': [2204], 'newly': [2207], 'disclosed': [2208], 'TMD,': [2209], 'portion': [2215], 'described': [2219, 2400, 3023, 3497, 3735], 'herein': [2220], 'published': [2223, 3214], 'abstract': [2226], '(19Lu': [2228], '3rd': [2237], 'AHA': [2238], 'National': [2239], 'Conference': [2240], 'Atherosclerosis,': [2242], 'Thrombosis,': [2243], 'Vascular': [2245], 'Biology.Salt': [2246], 'Lake': [2247], 'City,': [2248], 'UT': [2249], '(Abstract).': [2250], 'Materials—PEG-mal': [2254], 'Watershears;': [2257], '(NEM),': [2259], '(NPM),': [2261], '(IA)': [2264], 'Sigma;': [2267], '(AMS)': [2270], 'Probes.': [2274], 'non-denaturing': [2278], 'stock': [2280, 2322, 2337, 3308, 3503], 'solutions': [2281], '(PEG-mal': [2282], '40': [2284, 3377, 3501, 3639], 'mm,': [2285, 3583], 'NEM': [2286, 3800, 3930], 'AMS': [2288], '100': [2290, 2320, 3306], 'mm)': [2291], 'freshly': [2293, 3304], 'Buffer': [2296, 2341, 3088, 3106, 3311, 3508, 3644, 3783, 3846, 3857, 3897, 3904], '(50': [2298, 3510], 'mm': [2299, 2302, 2321, 2345, 2348, 2663, 3045, 3091, 3115, 3307, 3321, 3364, 3378, 3502, 3511, 3514, 3616, 3640, 3907], 'Tris-Cl,': [2300, 2346, 3116, 3512], 'EDTA,': [2303, 2349, 3515], 'pH': [2304, 2350, 3117, 3516], '7.8).': [2305], 'NPM': [2306, 3708, 3753, 3769, 3790, 3803], 'soluble': [2309], 'water,': [2311], 'so': [2312], 'dissolved': [2315, 3506], 'Me2SO': [2317, 3861], 'solution.': [2323], 'denatured': [2327, 3664], 'IA': [2331, 3379, 3641], 'fresh': [2336, 3030], 'solution': [2338, 3309, 3505], 'Lysate': [2340, 3087, 3374, 3643, 3903], '(10%': [2342, 3107], 'SDS,': [2343, 3108], '50': [2344, 3114, 3894, 3900], '8.7).': [2351], '2-Mercaptoethanol': [2352], 'Sigma.': [2355], 'FuGENE': [2356, 2547], '6': [2357, 2548, 4255], 'Transfection': [2358, 2549], 'Reagent': [2359, 2550], 'Roche': [2362], 'Biology.': [2364], '[9,10-3H]Oleic': [2365], 'Amersham': [2369], 'Biosciences.': [2370], 'PVDF': [2371, 3151, 3450, 3687, 3949], '(Immobilon': [2373], 'P)': [2374], 'Millipore.': [2377], 'Mouse': [2378], 'anti-BiP': [2379, 3465], 'antibody': [2380], 'BD': [2383], 'Transduction': [2384], 'Laboratories.': [2385], 'rabbit': [2387], 'polyclonal': [2388], '(DM10)': [2390], 'generated': [2391], 'fragment': [2395, 2781, 2809, 2964, 2973], '(1-131)': [2396], '(20Chang': [2402], 'Thomas': [2406], 'Del': [2410], 'Priore': [2411], 'V.A.': [2412], 'Newton': [2413], 'R.S.': [2414], 'Pape': [2415], 'M.E.': [2416], '1995;': [2422], '270:': [2423], '29532-29540Abstract': [2424], '(138)': [2432], 'Goat': [2435, 2440], 'anti-rabbit': [2436], 'IgG(L+H)-HRP': [2437, 2442], 'conjugate': [2438, 2443], 'anti-mouse': [2441], 'Bio-Rad.': [2446], 'SuperSignal': [2448], 'West': [2449], 'Pico': [2450], 'Chemiluminescent': [2451], 'Substrate': [2452], 'Pierce.': [2455], 'Cell': [2456], 'Culture—The': [2457], 'CHO': [2458, 2484, 4359, 4468], 'cultured': [2461, 2526, 3015, 3198, 3482], "F-12/Dulbecco's": [2463], 'modified': [2464], "Eagle's": [2465], 'medium': [2466, 2577], '(50:50)': [2467], 'supplemented': [2468], '10%': [2470, 3048], 'fetal': [2471], 'bovine': [2472, 3049], 'serum': [2473, 3050], '5%': [2476], 'CO2': [2477], 'incubator': [2478], '37': [2480, 2671, 3020, 3058], '°C.': [2481, 3259, 3888], 'ACAT1-deficient': [2483], 'line': [2486], '(21Cadigan': [2488], 'Heider': [2490], 'J.G.': [2491], '1988;': [2497], '263:': [2498], '274-282Abstract': [2499], 'express': [2509, 3195, 3721], 'His6-tagged': [2512], '(His-hACAT1)': [2514], 'mutants.': [2519], 'transfections,': [2521, 4234], '6-well': [2528, 3017, 3071], 'plates': [2529, 3018, 3072], '70-80%': [2531], 'confluency': [2532], '2': [2536, 2572, 2653, 2668, 3035, 3076, 4253], 'μg': [2537], 'pcDNA3': [2539, 2774, 2814], 'vectors': [2540], 'encoding': [2541, 2782], 'His-hACAT1': [2542, 2715, 3479], 'mutants,': [2545], 'according': [2551, 2706, 3210], "manufacturer's": [2554, 2709], 'protocols.': [2555], 'On': [2556], 'second': [2558, 2643], 'day,': [2559], 'trypsinized,': [2563], 'divided': [2564], 'equally': [2565], 'wells,': [2568], 'grown': [2570, 2666], 'days': [2573, 2669], 'G-418': [2575], 'containing': [2576, 2901, 3089, 3362, 3376, 3810, 3859, 3905], 'activity': [2581, 4304, 4343, 4385, 4446], 'expression': [2584, 4120, 4242, 4274, 4311, 4357, 4466], '(22Yang': [2586], 'Zhou': [2596], 'P.': [2597], 'Wang': [2598, 2606, 2610], 'Z.Z.': [2599], 'Ma': [2600], 'H.H.': [2601], 'Sha': [2602], 'H.F.': [2603], 'Feng': [2604], 'J.X.': [2605], 'Yang': [2608], 'X.Y.': [2609], '2004;': [2623, 4170], '279:': [2624], '46253-46262Abstract': [2625], '(28)': [2633], 'Alternatively,': [2636], 'studies,': [2640], 'day': [2644], 'transfection,': [2646], 'trypsinized;': [2650], '3': [2655, 4295], 'wells': [2656], 'pooled': [2658], '90': [2662], 'dish,': [2664], '°C,': [2672], 'G418': [2674], '(0.3': [2675], 'mg/ml)': [2676], 'growth': [2680], 'medium.': [2681], 'Cells': [2682], 'harvested': [2685], 'studies.': [2689], 'Recombinant': [2690], 'DNA': [2691, 2722, 2762, 2780, 2798, 2808, 2893, 2963], 'Technology—All': [2692], 'QuikChange': [2701], 'kit': [2703], 'Stratagene': [2705], 'manual.': [2710], 'based': [2713, 2824, 2898, 3724, 4088], '[C92A]His-ACAT1': [2717], 'template,': [2720, 2885], 'constructs': [2723], 'pGEM-7Z(-)/His-hACAT1': [2724], 'pGEM-7Z(-)/[C92A]His-hACAT1': [2726], 'template': [2732, 2830], 'expected': [2757, 2888], 'mutations': [2758, 2889], 'confirmed': [2760, 2891], 'sequencing.': [2763, 2894], 'mutated': [2765, 2957], 'transferred': [2769, 3097, 3148, 3447, 3684, 3946], 'pGEM-7Z(-)': [2771, 2789], 'vector': [2772, 2775, 2790, 2815], 'follows:': [2777], '1.7-kb': [2779, 2807], 'released': [2786, 2974], 'HindIII': [2792], 'cleavage,': [2793], 'filled': [2794], 'T4': [2797], 'polymerase,': [2799], 'cleaved': [2802], 'EcoRI.': [2804], 'Subsequently,': [2805, 3638], 'ligated': [2811], 'pretreated': [2816], 'EcoRI': [2818], 'EcoRV.': [2820], '[C2': [2826, 3726], '(528/546)]His-hACAT1': [2827, 2879], '13Guo': [2855, 3555], 'pcDNA3/[C2': [2878], 'hACAT1-HA6,': [2900], '(with': [2905], 'sequence': [2909], 'YPYDVPDYA)': [2911], 'Tyr-404': [2913], 'Lys-405,': [2915], 'pcDNA3/ACAT1-HA6': [2918], 'template.': [2950], 'ACAT1-HA6': [2955], 'Ala-92': [2959], 'replacing': [2961, 4099], '(cut': [2965], 'KpnI': [2967], 'Eco47III)': [2969], 'same': [2972, 3368, 3494, 3732], 'pcDNA3/[C92A]His-ACAT1.': [2976], 'Activity': [2978], 'Assay': [2979], 'Intact': [2981], 'Cells—This': [2982], 'measures': [2984], 'rate': [2986], '[3H]cholesteryl': [2988], 'oleate': [2989], 'synthesis': [2990], '(23Chang': [2994], 'Doolittle': [2996], 'G.M.': [2997], '1986;': [3001], '1693-1699Crossref': [3003], '(56)': [3006], 'transiently': [3010, 3477, 3720], '°C': [3021, 3059, 3295, 3341, 3601, 3632, 3758, 3825], 'above.': [3024], 'given': [3028], 'media': [3031, 3056], 'change': [3032], '(1': [3033], 'ml/well)': [3034], 'h': [3036], 'before': [3037], 'assay.': [3039], 'Then,': [3040, 3130, 3276, 3373, 3499, 3899], 'μl': [3042, 3085, 3132, 3895, 3901], '10': [3044, 3090, 3320, 3363, 3615, 3906], '[3H]oleate': [3046], 'albumin': [3051], 'added': [3053, 3314, 3381, 3519, 3609, 3653, 3910], '30': [3061, 3255, 3408, 3636, 3827, 3884, 3917], 'min.': [3062, 3409, 3637], 'Protein': [3064], 'Content': [3065], 'Analysis': [3066, 3187], 'Transfection—The': [3068], 'washed': [3074], 'ml': [3077], 'phosphate-buffered': [3079], 'saline': [3080], 'lysed': [3082, 3203], '240': [3084], 'IA.': [3092], 'lysates': [3095], 'Eppendorf': [3099], 'tubes,': [3100], '60': [3101, 3131], 'μl/tube': [3102], 'Loading': [3105], '20%': [3109], 'glycerol,': [3110], '0.05%': [3111], 'bromphenol': [3112], 'blue,': [3113], '6.8)': [3118], 'added,': [3120], 'samples': [3123, 3331], 'mixed': [3125], 'well': [3126, 4306], 'vigorous': [3128], 'vortexing.': [3129], 'sample': [3135, 3419, 3650, 3912], 'mixture': [3136, 3817], 'loaded': [3138, 3432], 'onto': [3139, 3436], '9%': [3141], 'SDS-gel.': [3142], 'electrophoresis,': [3144, 3443], 'membrane,': [3152, 3451], 'bands': [3157, 3458, 3693, 3955], 'visualized': [3159, 3460, 3695, 3957], 'DM10': [3164, 3700, 3962], 'primary': [3167, 3703, 3965], 'antibodies.': [3168, 3704, 3966], 'relative': [3170], 'versus': [3176], 'WT': [3180], 'analyzed': [3183, 3939, 4236], 'densitometry.': [3185], 'Permeability': [3186], 'Microsomal': [3189], 'Vesicles—The': [3190], 'stably': [3194], '90-mm': [3200, 3484], 'dishes': [3201], 'hypotonic': [3205], 'shock': [3206], 'followed': [3207], 'scraping': [3209], 'procedure': [3215], '(24Chang': [3216], 'Limanek': [3218], 'J.S.': [3219], 'Anal.': [3222], '1981;': [3224], '116:': [3225], '298-302Crossref': [3226], '(33)': [3229], 'centrifugation': [3233], '(800': [3234], '×': [3235, 3253, 3335, 3739, 3882], 'g,': [3236, 3254, 3336, 3883], '5': [3237, 3591], 'min)': [3238, 3256, 3885], 'remove': [3240], 'unbroken': [3242], 'nuclei,': [3245], 'whole': [3247, 3487, 3713], 'homogenates': [3249, 3489, 3715], 'underwent': [3250, 3332], 'ultracentrifugation': [3251, 3261, 3333], '(100,000': [3252, 3334, 3881], '4': [3258, 3294, 3340, 3582, 3600, 3631, 3757, 3771, 3824, 3887], 'pellets': [3263, 3356, 3387, 3890], 'vesicles': [3267, 3279], 'gently': [3269], 'resuspended': [3270, 3358, 3892], 'cold': [3273], 'buffer': [3274, 3360, 3413, 3795, 3808], 'without': [3284, 3289, 4447], 'and/or': [3286], 'indicated': [3292, 3755], 'h,': [3298], '(from': [3302], 'A)': [3312], 'final': [3317, 3424, 3577, 3586, 3612, 3763], 'concentration': [3318, 3578, 3587, 3613, 3764], '(to': [3322, 3617, 3654, 3829, 3919], 'react': [3323, 3618, 3928], 'PEG-mal).': [3329, 3624], 'h)': [3338], 'collect': [3343], 'vesicles.': [3346], 'ultracentrifugation,': [3348], 'supernatants': [3350, 3384, 3396, 3741], 'carefully': [3352], 'removed,': [3353], 'volume': [3369, 3390, 3416, 3651], 'supernatants.': [3372], 'buffers': [3375], 'equal': [3391, 3434, 3647], 'pellets.': [3399], 'reactions': [3401, 3595, 3626, 3778, 3832], 'incubated': [3403, 3822], 'room': [3405, 3914], 'temp': [3406], 'Next,': [3410], 'loading': [3412], '1/4': [3415], 'mixtures': [3420, 3430, 3674, 3872, 3937], 'added.': [3422], 'supernatant': [3425], 'pellet': [3428], 'amounts': [3435], 'SDS-gel': [3438], '(9%)': [3439], 'SDS-PAGE.': [3441], 'BiP': [3454], 'anti-ACAT1': [3467], 'antibodies,': [3468], 'respectively.': [3469], 'Modification': [3471], 'Non-denaturing': [3473], 'Condition—The': [3474, 3712], 'expressing': [3478], 'dishes.': [3485], 'earlier.': [3498, 3736], '7.8)': [3517], 'lysates,': [3523], 'absence': [3526], 'presence': [3528], '(which': [3531], 'permeabilizes': [3532], 'membranes)': [3535], 'mg/ml.': [3592], 'carried': [3597, 3628, 3780, 3805], 'out': [3598, 3629, 3781, 3806], '1.5': [3603, 3760], 'h.': [3604, 3761], 'incubation,': [3606, 3814], 'volumes': [3646], 'modify': [3655, 3920], 'unreacted': [3658], 'thiol': [3659], 'groups': [3660], 'condition).': [3665], 'Finally,': [3666, 3934], 'one-half': [3667], 'one-fourth': [3669], 'analysis': [3678, 3980], 'SDS-PAGE;': [3680], 'electrophoresis.': [3690, 3952], 'NEM,': [3705, 3749, 3766], 'Modifications': [3709], 'Nondenaturing': [3711], '(528/546)]His-ACAT1': [3727], '800': [3738], 'g': [3740], 'mm.': [3772], 'parallel': [3774, 3786, 3842, 3853], 'NEM/AMS': [3775, 3843], 'modifications,': [3776, 3788], 'A;': [3784], 'NPM/NEM': [3787, 3854], 'because': [3789], 'relatively': [3792], 'insoluble': [3793], 'A,': [3796], 'modifications': [3798], '4%': [3811, 3860], 'Me2SO.': [3812], 'diluted': [3819], '40-fold': [3820], 'min': [3828, 3918], 'quench': [3830], 'maleimides).': [3840], 'mixtures,': [3845, 3856], 'dilution;': [3851], 'dilution.': [3865], 'Afterward,': [3866], 'separated': [3874], 'ultracentrifuge': [3880], 'per': [3911], 'temperature': [3915], 'residual': [3922], 'did': [3926, 4115, 4332], 'AMS).': [3933], 'SDS-PAGE,': [3941], 'Determining': [3967], 'Importance': [3969], 'Conserved': [3972, 3976], 'Ser-269': [3977, 4100, 4134, 4210, 4217, 4284, 4315, 4402], 'hACAT1—Bioinformatic': [3979], 'O-acyl': [3986], 'transferase': [3987], 'superfamily,': [3988], 'absolutely': [3990], 'hACAT1),': [3996, 4067], 'stretch': [4001], 'residues,': [4006], 'Ser': [4063, 4183], '(Ser-269': [4065], 'site.': [4080], 'proposal': [4082], 'fact': [4091], 'when': [4093, 4258, 4283, 4314], 'mutant': [4095, 4247, 4268, 4299, 4325, 4347, 4370], 'Leu': [4098, 4319, 4459], 'measurable': [4109], 'investigators': [4114], 'report': [4117], 'S269L': [4124, 4346, 4369], 'mutant.': [4126], 'principle,': [4128], 'His-460,': [4136, 4212], 'both,': [4138], 'serve': [4140], 'ACAT1.': [4146], 'example,': [4148], 'carnitine': [4149], 'utilizes': [4151, 4181], 'catalytic': [4157, 4190], '(26Gogl': [4159], 'G.': [4160], 'Hsiao': [4161], 'Y.-S.': [4162], 'Tong': [4163], 'Ann.': [4165], '1033:': [4171], '17-29Crossref': [4172], '(101)': [4175], 'whereas': [4178, 4453], 'lecithin:cholesterol': [4179], 'Ser/His/Asp': [4189], 'triad': [4191], '(27Jonas': [4192], 'Biochim.': [4194], 'Biophys.': [4195], 'Acta.': [4196], '1529:': [4198], '245-256Crossref': [4199], '(310)': [4202], 'importance': [4208], 'replaced': [4214, 4261, 4286, 4317], 'individually': [4218], 'mutagenesis,': [4225], 'transient': [4233], 'activities': [4238], 'levels': [4243], 'individual': [4246], 'enzymes.': [4248], 'As': [4249], 'shown': [4250], '(lanes': [4254], '7),': [4257], 'Ala': [4263, 4288], 'Asn,': [4266], 'enzymes': [4269], 'retained': [4270, 4300, 4381], 'nearly': [4271, 4301, 4308], 'normal': [4272, 4302, 4309], 'completely': [4278], 'lost': [4279], 'enzymatic': [4280, 4329], 'Thr': [4291], '2,': [4293, 4321], 'lanes': [4294], '5),': [4297], 'levels.': [4312], 'Interestingly,': [4313], 'lane': [4322], '4),': [4323], 'activity,': [4330], 'exhibit': [4334], 'any': [4335], 'expression.': [4338], 'Therefore,': [4339, 4391], 'loss': [4341, 4353, 4443, 4449, 4463], 'likely': [4349], 'insect': [4376], 'still': [4380], '∼70%': [4382], 'wild-type': [4389], 'conclude': [4393], 'site,': [4407], 'play': [4411], 'role(s)': [4413], 'maintaining': [4415], 'integrity/protein': [4418], 'stability': [4419], 'mammalian': [4423], 'earlier': [4431], 'findings': [4432], 'hACAT2:': [4434], 'mutation': [4435], 'His-434': [4439], 'complete': [4442], 'significant': [4448, 4462], 'expression,': [4452], 'mutating': [4454], 'Ser-245': [4457], 'Rationale': [4489], 'Developing': [4491], 'New': [4493], 'Strategy': [4494], 'Study': [4496], 'Membrane': [4499], 'Topology—We': [4500], 'aimed': [4501], 'developing': [4503], 'new': [4505], 'strategy': [4506], 'resolve': [4508], 'covers': [4513], 'uncertainty': [4515], 'aa': [4517], '354-493.': [4518]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078932350', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 8}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T19:47:37.569222', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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