Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2072148676', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2013.0971', 'title': 'Nuclear Magnetic Biosignatures in the Carbonaceous Matter of Ancient Cherts: Comparison with Carbonaceous Meteorites', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Magnetic Biosignatures in the Carbonaceous Matter of Ancient Cherts: Comparison with Carbonaceous Meteorites', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2072148676', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2013.0971', 'mag': '2072148676', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24093546'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2013.0971', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S202896352', 'display_name': 'Astrobiology', 'issn_l': '1557-8070', 'issn': ['1557-8070', '1531-1074'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320443', 'host_organization_name': 'Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320443'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001636435', 'display_name': 'Didier Gourier', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-9297'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119260', 'display_name': 'Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/028ta1f94', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I187986737', 'https://openalex.org/I39804081', 'https://openalex.org/I4210119260', 'https://openalex.org/I4210128300']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39804081', 'display_name': 'Sorbonne Université', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02en5vm52', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39804081']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'display_name': 'Chimie ParisTech', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05q65zh81', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'https://openalex.org/I190752583']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119501', 'display_name': 'REseau NAtional de Rpe interDisciplinaire', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zphgp70', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'https://openalex.org/I190752583', 'https://openalex.org/I4210119501', 'https://openalex.org/I4210128300']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Didier Gourier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (ENSCP, ParisTech) and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR-CNRS 7574, Paris, France.', 'TGE Réseau National de RPE interdisciplinaire (RENARD, FR-CNRS 3443).'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (ENSCP, ParisTech) and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR-CNRS 7574, Paris, France.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119260', 'https://openalex.org/I39804081', 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I149758196']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'TGE Réseau National de RPE interdisciplinaire (RENARD, FR-CNRS 3443).', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119501']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049921721', 'display_name': 'O. Delpoux', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-5476'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119501', 'display_name': 'REseau NAtional de Rpe interDisciplinaire', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zphgp70', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'https://openalex.org/I190752583', 'https://openalex.org/I4210119501', 'https://openalex.org/I4210128300']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Olivier Delpoux', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TGE Réseau National de RPE interdisciplinaire (RENARD, FR-CNRS 3443).'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TGE Réseau National de RPE interdisciplinaire (RENARD, FR-CNRS 3443).', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119501']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031653897', 'display_name': 'Laurent Binet', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2591-3888'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119501', 'display_name': 'REseau NAtional de Rpe interDisciplinaire', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zphgp70', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'https://openalex.org/I190752583', 'https://openalex.org/I4210119501', 'https://openalex.org/I4210128300']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'display_name': 'Chimie ParisTech', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05q65zh81', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'https://openalex.org/I190752583']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119260', 'display_name': 'Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/028ta1f94', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I187986737', 'https://openalex.org/I39804081', 'https://openalex.org/I4210119260', 'https://openalex.org/I4210128300']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39804081', 'display_name': 'Sorbonne Université', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02en5vm52', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39804081']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Laurent Binet', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (ENSCP, ParisTech) and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR-CNRS 7574, Paris, France.', 'TGE Réseau National de RPE interdisciplinaire (RENARD, FR-CNRS 3443).'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (ENSCP, ParisTech) and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR-CNRS 7574, Paris, France.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'https://openalex.org/I4210119260', 'https://openalex.org/I39804081']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'TGE Réseau National de RPE interdisciplinaire (RENARD, FR-CNRS 3443).', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119501']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088267559', 'display_name': 'Hervé Vezin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-2703'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2279609970', 'display_name': 'Université de Lille', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kzqn938', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2279609970']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119501', 'display_name': 'REseau NAtional de Rpe interDisciplinaire', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zphgp70', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I149758196', 'https://openalex.org/I190752583', 'https://openalex.org/I4210119501', 'https://openalex.org/I4210128300']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107855', 'display_name': "Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tv2ca73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I2279609970', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107855', 'https://openalex.org/I4210128300']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hervé Vezin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TGE Réseau National de RPE interdisciplinaire (RENARD, FR-CNRS 3443).', "Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire Spectrochimie infrarouge et Raman, UMR-CNRS 8516, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France."], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire Spectrochimie infrarouge et Raman, UMR-CNRS 8516, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2279609970', 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107855']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'TGE Réseau National de RPE interdisciplinaire (RENARD, FR-CNRS 3443).', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119501']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 7, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.147, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 7, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.71152, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 83, 'max': 84}, 'biblio': {'volume': '13', 'issue': '10', 'first_page': '932', 'last_page': '947'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10325', 'display_name': 'Astro and Planetary Science', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10325', 'display_name': 'Astro and Planetary Science', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12976', 'display_name': 'Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects', 'score': 0.9874, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1314', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10406', 'display_name': 'Planetary Science and Exploration', 'score': 0.9864, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonaceous-chondrite', 'display_name': 'Carbonaceous chondrite', 'score': 0.43334112}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87355193', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411', 'display_name': 'Astrobiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.81342286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130635790', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60186', 'display_name': 'Meteorite', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.59638745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149347711', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104168', 'display_name': 'Archean', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56943274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173776410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103910', 'display_name': 'Precambrian', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4943323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187961010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260463', 'display_name': 'Electron paramagnetic resonance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49166495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.437701}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779517257', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062169', 'display_name': 'Carbonaceous chondrite', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.43334112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48743137', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783121', 'display_name': 'Organic matter', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41349867}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116862484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48361', 'display_name': 'Chondrite', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.39665917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35268912}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17409809', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764', 'display_name': 'Geochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3444822}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46141821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402', 'display_name': 'Nuclear magnetic resonance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14293993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.123853356}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09944239}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018559', 'descriptor_name': 'Exobiology', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019015', 'descriptor_name': 'Geologic Sediments', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009682', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019110', 'descriptor_name': 'Meteoroids', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004578', 'descriptor_name': 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018559', 'descriptor_name': 'Exobiology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019015', 'descriptor_name': 'Geologic Sediments', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013696', 'descriptor_name': 'Temperature', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2013.0971', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S202896352', 'display_name': 'Astrobiology', 'issn_l': '1557-8070', 'issn': ['1557-8070', '1531-1074'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320443', 'host_organization_name': 'Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320443'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00910305', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-00910305', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24093546', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 62, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W106978824', 'https://openalex.org/W1487100945', 'https://openalex.org/W169423944', 'https://openalex.org/W1960465926', 'https://openalex.org/W1964664057', 'https://openalex.org/W1966469905', 'https://openalex.org/W1969820811', 'https://openalex.org/W1975256282', 'https://openalex.org/W1978802173', 'https://openalex.org/W1985431052', 'https://openalex.org/W1985565843', 'https://openalex.org/W1988133629', 'https://openalex.org/W1989423751', 'https://openalex.org/W1992460319', 'https://openalex.org/W1995664200', 'https://openalex.org/W1997431794', 'https://openalex.org/W1997982498', 'https://openalex.org/W2003668707', 'https://openalex.org/W2004710177', 'https://openalex.org/W2010745692', 'https://openalex.org/W2011916865', 'https://openalex.org/W2014946232', 'https://openalex.org/W2015546691', 'https://openalex.org/W2017175357', 'https://openalex.org/W2023223324', 'https://openalex.org/W2028884935', 'https://openalex.org/W2030617786', 'https://openalex.org/W2034571753', 'https://openalex.org/W2043561742', 'https://openalex.org/W2043580782', 'https://openalex.org/W2044604094', 'https://openalex.org/W2045606763', 'https://openalex.org/W2047049181', 'https://openalex.org/W2049672508', 'https://openalex.org/W2049695818', 'https://openalex.org/W2058000566', 'https://openalex.org/W2059522784', 'https://openalex.org/W2060834106', 'https://openalex.org/W2063759924', 'https://openalex.org/W2068387488', 'https://openalex.org/W2068529984', 'https://openalex.org/W2070209787', 'https://openalex.org/W2070744579', 'https://openalex.org/W2071357126', 'https://openalex.org/W2074122131', 'https://openalex.org/W2075624956', 'https://openalex.org/W2087222183', 'https://openalex.org/W2093066247', 'https://openalex.org/W2097137498', 'https://openalex.org/W2099971886', 'https://openalex.org/W2113841783', 'https://openalex.org/W2113926325', 'https://openalex.org/W2124335626', 'https://openalex.org/W2135932251', 'https://openalex.org/W2138345137', 'https://openalex.org/W2149517079', 'https://openalex.org/W2156424507', 'https://openalex.org/W2163006245', 'https://openalex.org/W2313018479', 'https://openalex.org/W2469722244', 'https://openalex.org/W4211114967', 'https://openalex.org/W4297927639'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4210904212', 'https://openalex.org/W4200522511', 'https://openalex.org/W3152600112', 'https://openalex.org/W3033003373', 'https://openalex.org/W296597946', 'https://openalex.org/W2143206915', 'https://openalex.org/W2090935319', 'https://openalex.org/W2034244759', 'https://openalex.org/W2022062489', 'https://openalex.org/W1659599231'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 59], 'search': [1], 'for': [2, 174], 'organic': [3, 154], 'biosignatures': [4, 120], 'is': [5], 'motivated': [6], 'by': [7, 53, 73], 'the': [8, 12, 21, 75, 88, 128, 137, 142, 182], 'hope': [9], 'of': [10, 14, 16, 23, 26, 64, 78, 91, 106, 121, 131, 141, 153, 188], 'understanding': [11], 'conditions': [13], 'emergence': [15], 'life': [17, 28, 123], 'on': [18], 'Earth': [19], 'and': [20, 51, 67, 111, 155, 170], 'perspective': [22], 'finding': [24], 'traces': [25], 'extinct': [27, 122], 'in': [29, 37, 42, 82, 127, 146], 'martian': [30], 'sediments.': [31], 'Paramagnetic': [32], 'radicals,': [33], 'which': [34], 'exist': [35], 'naturally': [36], 'amorphous': [38], 'carbonaceous': [39, 89, 129, 132, 148], 'matter': [40, 90, 130, 149], 'fossilized': [41, 92], 'Precambrian': [43], 'cherts,': [44], 'were': [45, 71], 'used': [46, 173], 'as': [47], 'local': [48], 'structural': [49], 'probes': [50], 'studied': [52], 'electron': [54, 79], 'paramagnetic': [55], 'resonance': [56, 62], '(EPR)': [57], 'spectroscopy.': [58, 190], 'nuclear': [60, 76, 103, 163], 'magnetic': [61, 104], 'transitions': [63], 'elements': [65], 'inside': [66], 'around': [68], 'these': [69, 118, 162], 'radicals': [70], 'detected': [72], 'monitoring': [74], 'modulations': [77], 'spin': [80], 'echo': [81], 'pulsed': [83], 'EPR.': [84], 'We': [85, 115], 'found': [86, 125], 'that': [87, 117, 161], 'microorganisms': [93], 'with': [94, 177], 'age': [95], 'up': [96], 'to': [97, 167], '3.5': [98], 'billion': [99, 135], 'years': [100], 'gives': [101], 'specific': [102], 'signatures': [105, 164], 'hydrogen': [107], '(1H),': [108], 'carbon': [109], '(13C),': [110], 'phosphorus': [112], '(31P)': [113], 'nuclei.': [114], 'observed': [116], 'potential': [119], 'are': [124, 165], 'neither': [126], 'meteorites': [133], '(4.56': [134], 'years),': [136], 'most': [138], 'ancient': [139], 'objects': [140], 'Solar': [143], 'System,': [144], 'nor': [145], 'any': [147], 'resulting': [150], 'from': [151], 'carbonization': [152], 'bioorganic': [156], 'precursors.': [157], 'These': [158], 'results': [159], 'indicate': [160], 'sensitive': [166], 'thermal': [168], 'episodes': [169], 'can': [171], 'be': [172], 'Archean': [175], 'cherts': [176], 'metamorphism': [178], 'not': [179], 'higher': [180], 'than': [181], 'greenschist': [183], 'facies.': [184], 'Key': [185], 'Words:': [186], 'Kerogen—Biosignatures—Origin': [187], 'life—Archean—EPR': [189], 'Astrobiology': [191], '13,': [192], '932–947.': [193]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072148676', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T09:12:02.477132', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}