Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2061599442', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000465', 'title': 'TYPE II SUPERSTRINGS ON TWISTED GROUP MANIFOLDS AND THEIR HETEROTIC COUNTERPARTS', 'display_name': 'TYPE II SUPERSTRINGS ON TWISTED GROUP MANIFOLDS AND THEIR HETEROTIC COUNTERPARTS', 'publication_year': 1990, 'publication_date': '1990-03-10', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2061599442', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000465', 'mag': '2061599442'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000465', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S68175919', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Modern Physics A', 'issn_l': '0217-751X', 'issn': ['0217-751X', '1793-656X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319815', 'host_organization_name': 'World Scientific', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319815'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['World Scientific'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://cds.cern.ch/record/199836/files/198912095.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045196939', 'display_name': 'S. Ferrara', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-3480'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I67311998', 'display_name': 'European Organization for Nuclear Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ggx4157', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I67311998']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['CH', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'SERGIO FERRARA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CERN, Theoretical Division, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland', 'Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024–1547, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'CERN, Theoretical Division, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I67311998']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024–1547, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063768007', 'display_name': 'Pietro Fré', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-0799'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I55143463', 'display_name': 'University of Turin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048tbm396', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I55143463']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['IT', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'PIETRO FRE’', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024–1547, USA', 'Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Universita’ di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Universita’ di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I55143463']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024–1547, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.037, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 17, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.743616, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 84, 'max': 85}, 'biblio': {'volume': '05', 'issue': '05', 'first_page': '989', 'last_page': '1024'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11415', 'display_name': 'Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10224', 'display_name': 'Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions', 'score': 0.9746, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/orbifold', 'display_name': 'Orbifold', 'score': 0.7878722}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge-group', 'display_name': 'Gauge group', 'score': 0.56016946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold', 'display_name': 'Manifold (fluid mechanics)', 'score': 0.43451637}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20288', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437042', 'display_name': 'Superstring theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.97686446}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96732373', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140761', 'display_name': 'Heterotic string theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.95496964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.797739}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143782950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40460', 'display_name': 'Orbifold', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7878722}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779430453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15260871', 'display_name': 'Gauge group', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.56016946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41608201', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509', 'display_name': 'Embedding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54042506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13355873', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850', 'display_name': 'Connection (principal bundle)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5331043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781311116', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306', 'display_name': 'Group (periodic table)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48939744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777299769', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858', 'display_name': 'Type (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4767393}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778572836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933', 'display_name': 'Space (punctuation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4677299}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C529865628', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740', 'display_name': 'Manifold (fluid mechanics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43451637}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4138697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3923123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116674579', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193442', 'display_name': 'Supersymmetry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.37981907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32993883}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181830111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Gauge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2868547}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16110823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13182384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11460933}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000465', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S68175919', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Modern Physics A', 'issn_l': '0217-751X', 'issn': ['0217-751X', '1793-656X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319815', 'host_organization_name': 'World Scientific', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319815'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['World Scientific'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://cds.cern.ch/record/199836', 'pdf_url': 'http://cds.cern.ch/record/199836/files/198912095.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196256', 'display_name': 'CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I67311998', 'host_organization_name': 'European Organization for Nuclear Research', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I67311998'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Organization for Nuclear Research'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://cds.cern.ch/record/199836', 'pdf_url': 'http://cds.cern.ch/record/199836/files/198912095.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196256', 'display_name': 'CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I67311998', 'host_organization_name': 'European Organization for Nuclear Research', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I67311998'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Organization for Nuclear Research'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.64, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11', 'display_name': 'Sustainable cities and communities'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3104130834', 'https://openalex.org/W3103782870', 'https://openalex.org/W2106542285', 'https://openalex.org/W2094536876', 'https://openalex.org/W2081151604', 'https://openalex.org/W2074981864', 'https://openalex.org/W2012517070', 'https://openalex.org/W1998409223', 'https://openalex.org/W1996788924', 'https://openalex.org/W1996536011'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0], 'construct': [1], 'Type': [2, 89], 'II': [3, 90], 'superstrings': [4, 62, 93], 'in': [5, 42, 73, 83, 120], 'four': [6], 'space-time': [7, 40, 68], 'dimensions': [8], 'compactified': [9], 'on': [10, 16, 79], 'a': [11], 'twisted': [12], 'Wess-Zumino-Witten': [13], 'model': [14], 'based': [15], 'the': [17, 45, 59, 77, 97, 100, 106], 'group': [18], 'SU(2)': [19], '3': [20, 39], '.': [21], 'It': [22], 'is': [23, 30, 70], 'shown': [24], 'that': [25], 'within': [26], 'this': [27, 84, 86], 'framework,': [28], 'it': [29], 'possible': [31], 'to': [32, 44, 76, 91, 96, 116], 'obtain': [33], 'models': [34, 47, 57], 'with': [35, 48, 63, 122], 'N=6,': [36], '5': [37], 'and': [38, 51, 66], 'supersymmetries,': [41], 'addition': [43], 'usual': [46], 'N=8,': [49], '4': [50], '2.': [52], 'The': [53, 109], 'map': [54, 87], 'of': [55, 99, 126], 'these': [56], 'into': [58, 105], 'corresponding': [60], 'heterotic': [61, 92], 'N=4,': [64], '2': [65], '1': [67], 'supersymmetries': [69], 'also': [71, 82], 'derived:': [72], 'complete': [74], 'analogy': [75], 'compactifications': [78, 111], 'six-dimensional': [80], 'manifolds': [81], 'case': [85], 'from': [88], 'corresponds': [94], 'geometrically': [95], 'embedding': [98], '9-dimensional': [101], 'compact': [102], 'manifold': [103], 'spin-connection': [104], 'gauge': [107], 'connection.': [108], 'superstring': [110], 'we': [112], 'discussed': [113], 'are': [114], 'equivalent': [115], 'asymmetric': [117], 'orbifold': [118], 'constructions': [119], 'six-dimensions': [121], 'no': [123], 'necessity,': [124], 'however,': [125], 'introducing': [127], 'chiral': [128], 'bosons.': [129]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061599442', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T00:48:23.579766', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}