Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2056531038', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13534645.2011.605582', 'title': 'Perpetrator Fictions and Transcultural Memory', 'display_name': 'Perpetrator Fictions and Transcultural Memory', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-10-14', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2056531038', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13534645.2011.605582', 'mag': '2056531038'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13534645.2011.605582', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140996298', 'display_name': 'Parallax', 'issn_l': '1353-4645', 'issn': ['1353-4645', '1460-700X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076977464', 'display_name': 'Richard Crownshaw', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3200-9248'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard Crownshaw', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5076977464'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.976, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 85, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.910998, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '17', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '75', 'last_page': '89'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11104', 'display_name': 'Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration', 'score': 0.9925, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11104', 'display_name': 'Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration', 'score': 0.9925, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12868', 'display_name': 'Photography and Visual Culture', 'score': 0.958, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11203', 'display_name': 'Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies', 'score': 0.9482, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-memory', 'display_name': 'Cultural Memory', 'score': 0.50924814}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776786462', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574613', 'display_name': 'Cultural memory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50924814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4593049}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107038049', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986', 'display_name': 'Aesthetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36103493}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11171543', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630', 'display_name': 'Psychoanalysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35374907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31629813}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2678796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19165224', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404', 'display_name': 'Anthropology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19620115}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13534645.2011.605582', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140996298', 'display_name': 'Parallax', 'issn_l': '1353-4645', 'issn': ['1353-4645', '1460-700X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.5, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5', 'display_name': 'Gender equality'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4387497383', 'https://openalex.org/W3183948672', 'https://openalex.org/W3173606202', 'https://openalex.org/W3110381201', 'https://openalex.org/W2948807893', 'https://openalex.org/W2935909890', 'https://openalex.org/W2778153218', 'https://openalex.org/W2758277628', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W1531601525'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Click': [0], 'to': [1, 5, 76, 175, 324, 723, 1007, 1055, 1098, 1199, 1231, 1241, 1270, 1295], 'increase': [2], 'image': [3, 7], 'sizeClick': [4], 'decrease': [6], 'size': [8], 'Notes': [9], '1': [10], 'Giorgio': [11, 100, 125], 'Agamben': [12], 'argued': [13, 1158], 'that': [14, 943, 987, 1059, 1065, 1144, 1205], 'the': [15, 51, 80, 311, 316, 322, 329, 426, 439, 635, 678, 696, 724, 770, 801, 825, 874, 944, 947, 951, 962, 976, 984, 1008, 1017, 1028, 1046, 1049, 1069, 1078, 1083, 1087, 1090, 1118, 1124, 1127, 1142, 1150, 1165, 1176, 1187, 1203, 1207, 1232, 1264, 1279, 1296, 1314, 1356, 1359], 'executive': [16], '(presidential': [17], 'order)': [18], 'issued': [19], 'on': [20, 614, 1140, 1149, 1319], '13': [21, 501], 'November': [22], '2001,': [23], 'which': [24, 57, 1094, 1214, 1263], 'authorized': [25], 'indefinite': [26], 'detention': [27, 61], 'and': [28, 95, 109, 131, 146, 154, 161, 218, 223, 253, 275, 282, 285, 308, 321, 342, 347, 351, 362, 382, 425, 462, 535, 542, 559, 564, 576, 586, 597, 602, 617, 646, 650, 671, 701, 727, 744, 835, 849, 922, 949, 975, 1021, 1064, 1182, 1186, 1254, 1272, 1285, 1309, 1339], 'trial': [29], 'by': [30, 631, 1093, 1218], 'military': [31], 'commission': [32], '(not': [33], 'tribunal)': [34], 'of': [35, 44, 62, 103, 112, 121, 168, 171, 189, 211, 216, 228, 270, 278, 288, 300, 313, 328, 337, 465, 573, 664, 720, 730, 741, 747, 767, 798, 822, 833, 861, 871, 882, 925, 946, 954, 961, 964, 969, 981, 1004, 1010, 1030, 1039, 1048, 1051, 1077, 1086, 1121, 1126, 1135, 1164, 1168, 1175, 1184, 1189, 1209, 1213, 1223, 1235, 1266, 1276, 1281, 1288, 1303, 1316, 1330, 1341, 1361], 'noncitizens': [36], 'involved': [37], 'in': [38, 72, 182, 204, 213, 236, 334, 339, 367, 394, 458, 552, 578, 590, 633, 676, 690, 769, 800, 824, 837, 873, 983, 998, 1037, 1123, 1161, 1170, 1202, 1238, 1257, 1262, 1283, 1301, 1307, 1328, 1358], 'terrorist': [39], 'activities,': [40], 'constituted': [41], 'a': [42, 571, 831, 858, 1001, 1196, 1229, 1258, 1274], 'state': [43], 'exception.': [45], 'This': [46], 'order': [47, 66], 'went': [48], 'further': [49], 'than': [50], 'Patriot': [52], 'Act': [53], '(26': [54], 'October': [55], '2001)': [56], 'allowed': [58], 'seven': [59], "days'": [60], 'suspicious': [63], '‘aliens’.': [64], 'The': [65, 267, 276, 423, 452, 492, 521, 718, 739, 773, 917, 1074, 1173, 1221], 'produced': [67], '‘detainees’': [68], '(from': [69, 972], 'captured': [70], 'Taliban': [71], 'Afghanistan)': [73], 'not': [74, 178, 1323], 'subject': [75], 'American': [77, 919, 985, 1171, 1304, 1320, 1345], 'law': [78], 'or': [79, 98, 310, 966, 1041], 'Geneva': [81], 'Convention': [82], 'for': [83, 570, 620, 941], 'POWs.': [84], 'With': [85], 'neither': [86], 'legal': [87], 'identity': [88], 'nor': [89], 'personhood': [90], 'such': [91], 'detainees': [92], 'were': [93], 'nationally': [94], 'internationally': [96], 'unrecognizable': [97], 'illegible.': [99], 'Agamben,': [101, 126], 'State': [102], 'Exception,': [104], 'trans.': [105, 134, 428, 1106], 'Kevin': [106], 'Attell': [107], '(Chicago': [108, 461, 726, 743], 'London:': [110, 155, 463, 728, 745, 850, 923], 'University': [111, 139, 157, 227, 244, 287, 299, 372, 387, 406, 443, 464, 729, 746, 852, 924, 1112, 1365], 'Chicago': [113, 289, 301, 466, 731, 748], 'Press,': [114, 140, 158, 245, 290, 302, 373, 388, 407, 444, 467, 732, 749, 853, 927, 1113, 1366], '2005),': [115, 468], 'pp.3–4.': [116], 'For': [117, 502, 830, 857, 1044], 'an': [118, 209, 959], 'extended': [119], 'discussion': [120, 572, 832], '‘bare': [122], 'life’,': [123], 'see': [124, 581, 840, 864, 1131, 1147, 1153], 'Homo': [127], 'Sacer:': [128], 'Sovereign': [129], 'Power': [130], 'Bare': [132], 'Life,': [133], 'Daniel': [135], 'Heller-Roazen': [136], '(Stanford:': [137, 1363], 'Stanford': [138, 1364], '1998).': [141], '2': [142], 'Orlando': [143], 'Patterson,': [144], 'Slavery': [145, 768, 799, 823, 872], 'Social': [147], 'Death:': [148], 'A': [149, 296, 898, 910], 'Comparative': [150], 'Study': [151], '(Cambridge,': [152], 'MA.': [153], 'Harvard': [156], '1982),': [159], 'pp.5–14': [160], '35–76.': [162], 'Judith': [163, 186, 879, 1132], 'Butler': [164], 'makes': [165], 'passing': [166], 'use': [167], "Patterson's": [169], 'phrasing': [170], 'nineteenth': [172], 'century': [173], 'slavery': [174], 'describe': [176, 1271], 'life': [177], 'framed': [179], 'as': [180, 208, 1025], 'grievable': [181], 'post-9/11': [183, 574, 1259], 'conflict.': [184], 'See': [185, 626, 1332], 'Butler,': [187, 880, 1133], 'Frames': [188, 881, 1134], 'War:': [190], 'When': [191], 'is': [192, 1000, 1053, 1061, 1215], 'Life': [193], 'Grievable': [194], '(London:': [195, 431, 495, 538, 756, 900], 'Verso,': [196], '2009),': [197, 758, 902, 928, 1114, 1367], 'p.44.': [198], '3': [199], 'Marianne': [200], 'Hirsch,': [201], '‘Nazi': [202], 'Photographs': [203, 1338], 'Post-Holocaust': [205], 'Art:': [206], 'Gender': [207], 'Idiom': [210], 'Memorialization’,': [212], 'Phototextualities:': [214], 'Intersections': [215], 'Photography': [217], 'Narrative,': [219, 381], 'eds,': [220, 344, 556, 594, 643, 698], 'Alex': [221], 'Hughes': [222], 'Andrea': [224], 'Noble': [225], '(Albuquerque:': [226], 'New': [229, 352, 565, 603, 640, 651, 918], 'Mexico': [230], 'Press),': [231], 'pp.19–40;': [232], 'Dominick': [233, 391, 397], 'LaCapra': [234, 392], 'History': [235, 383, 393], 'Transit:': [237], 'Experience,': [238], 'Identity,': [239], 'Critical': [240], 'Theory': [241], '(Ithaca:': [242], 'Cornell': [243], '2004),': [246, 498], 'pp.106–143.': [247], '4': [248], 'Susannah': [249], 'Radstone,': [250], '‘Social': [251], 'Bonds': [252], 'Psychical': [254], 'Order:': [255], 'Testimonies’,': [256], 'Cultural': [257, 621], 'Values,': [258], '5.1': [259], '(2001),': [260, 273], 'p.61.': [261], '5': [262], 'Amy': [263], 'Hungerford,': [264], '‘Memorizing': [265], 'Memory’,': [266], 'Yale': [268], 'Journal': [269, 619], 'Criticism,': [271], '14.1': [272], 'pp.78–83;': [274], 'Holocaust': [277, 1357], 'Texts:': [279], 'Genocide,': [280], 'Literature,': [281, 340], 'Personification': [283], '(London': [284, 350, 563, 601, 649], 'Chicago:': [286], '2003).': [291], '6': [292], 'Ruth': [293], 'Leys,': [294], 'Trauma:': [295, 365], 'Genealogy': [297], '(Chicago:': [298], '2000),': [303], 'pp.269–297;': [304], 'Shoshana': [305, 345], 'Felman,': [306], '‘Education': [307], 'Crisis,': [309], 'Vicissitudes': [312], 'Teaching’,': [314], '‘After': [315], 'Apocalypse:': [317], 'Paul': [318], 'de': [319], 'Man': [320, 507], 'Fall': [323], 'Silence’,': [325], '‘The': [326, 661], 'Return': [327], 'Voice:': [330], 'Claude': [331], "Lanzmann's": [332], 'Shoah’,': [333], 'Testimony:': [335], 'Crises': [336], 'Witnessing': [338], 'Psychoanalysis,': [341], 'History,': [343, 400], 'Felman': [346], 'Dori': [348], 'Laub': [349], 'York:': [353, 509, 516, 524, 566, 604, 652, 1110], 'Routledge,': [354, 567, 605, 653], '1992),': [355], 'pp.1–56,': [356], 'pp.120–64,': [357], 'pp.204–83;': [358], 'Cathy': [359, 376], 'Caruth,': [360, 377], '‘Trauma': [361], 'Experience:': [363, 379], 'Introduction’,': [364], 'Explorations': [366], 'Memory': [368], '(Baltimore:': [369, 384, 403], 'Johns': [370, 385, 404], 'Hopkins': [371, 386, 405], '1995),': [374], 'pp.3–12;': [375], 'Unclaimed': [378], 'Trauma,': [380, 615], '1996).': [389], '7': [390], 'Transit,': [395], 'pp.115–27;': [396], 'LaCapra,': [398], 'Writing': [399, 401], 'Trauma': [402], '2001),': [408], 'pp.23–4,': [409], '27–8,': [410], '30,': [411], '35,': [412], '37,': [413], '41,': [414], '46,': [415], '48,': [416], '59,': [417], '64–5,': [418], '77.': [419], '8': [420], 'Primo': [421], 'Levi,': [422], 'Drowned': [424], 'Saved,': [427], 'Raymond': [429], 'Rosenthal': [430], 'Abacus,': [432, 757], '1988).': [433], '9': [434], 'Gillian': [435], 'Rose,': [436], 'Mourning': [437], 'Becomes': [438], 'Law': [440], '(Cambridge:': [441], 'Cambridge': [442], '1996),': [445], 'pp.41,': [446], '43,': [447], '46.': [448], '10': [449], 'Maria': [450], 'Torgovnick,': [451], 'War': [453, 456, 719], 'Complex:': [454], 'World': [455, 494, 636, 673, 679], 'II': [457], 'Our': [459, 672], 'Time': [460], 'pp.68–9.': [469], '11': [470], 'Dean': [471], 'Franco,': [472], '‘What': [473, 995], 'we': [474, 478, 1145], 'talk': [475, 479], 'about': [476, 480], 'when': [477], 'Beloved’,': [481], 'Modern': [482], 'Fiction': [483], 'Studies,': [484], '52:2': [485], '(2006),': [486], 'pp.417–29.': [487], '12': [488], 'Edward': [489], 'P.': [490], 'Jones,': [491], 'Known': [493], 'Harper': [496, 526], 'Perennial,': [497], 'pp.': [499, 706, 784], '166–74.': [500], 'example,': [503, 942], 'Don': [504], 'DeLillo,': [505], 'Falling': [506, 550], '(New': [508, 515, 523, 1109], 'Scribner,': [510], '2007);': [511], 'John': [512], 'Updike,': [513], 'Terrorist': [514], 'Knopf,': [517], '2006);': [518], 'Jess': [519], 'Walter,': [520], 'Zero': [522], 'Regan,': [525], 'Collins,': [527], '2006).': [528], '14': [529], 'Jonathan': [530], 'Safran': [531], 'Foer,': [532], 'Extremely': [533], 'Loud': [534], 'Incredibly': [536], 'Close': [537], 'Penguin,': [539], '2006),': [540, 750], 'pp.187–9': [541], '208–16.': [543], '15': [544], 'Laura': [545], 'Frost,': [546], '‘Still': [547], 'Life:': [548], '9/11’s': [549, 587], "Bodies',": [551], 'Literature': [553, 591], 'after': [554, 592, 1343], '9/11,': [555, 593], 'Ann': [557, 595], 'Keniston': [558, 596], 'Jeanne': [560, 598], 'Follansbee': [561, 599], 'Quinn': [562, 600], '2008),': [568, 606], 'p.186;': [569], 'trauma': [575], 'temporality': [577], "Foer's": [579], 'work,': [580], 'Mitchum': [582], 'Huehls,': [583], '‘Foer,': [584], 'Spiegelman,': [585], 'Timely': [588], "Trauma's,": [589], 'pp.42–59.': [607], '16': [608], 'Jenny': [609], 'Edkins,': [610], '‘Ground': [611], 'Zero:': [612], 'Reflections': [613], 'In/distinction': [616], 'Response’,': [618], 'Research,': [622], '8:3': [623], '(2004),': [624], 'pp.247–70.': [625], 'also': [627, 1227], 'Mark': [628], 'Wigley,': [629], '‘Insecurity': [630], 'Design’,': [632], 'After': [634, 677], 'Trade': [637, 674, 680], 'Center:': [638], 'Rethinking': [639], 'York': [641], 'City,': [642], 'Michael': [644, 1351], 'Sorkin': [645], 'Sharon': [647], 'Zukin': [648], '2002),': [654], 'pp.71–3,': [655], '75–6,': [656], '80–1,': [657], '82–4;': [658], 'Eric': [659], 'Darton,': [660], 'Janus': [662], 'Face': [663], 'Architectural': [665], 'Terrorism:': [666], 'Minoru': [667], 'Yamasaki,': [668], 'Mohammed': [669], 'Atta,': [670], 'Centre’,': [675], 'Centre,': [681], 'pp.88–9,': [682], '90–1.': [683], '17': [684], 'Jean': [685], 'Baudrillard,': [686], "‘L'Esprit": [687], 'du': [688], 'Terrorisme’,': [689], 'South': [691], 'Atlantic': [692], 'Quarterly:': [693], 'Dissent': [694], 'from': [695, 958, 1080], 'Homeland,': [697], 'Stanley': [699], 'Hauerwas': [700], 'Frank': [702], 'Lentricchia,': [703], '101:2': [704], '(2002),': [705], '407,': [707], '405,': [708], '405–6,': [709], '409,': [710], '409–14.': [711], '18': [712], 'W.': [713], 'J.T.': [714], 'Mitchell,': [715], 'Cloning': [716], 'Terror:': [717], 'Images,': [721], '9/11': [722], 'Present': [725], '2011),': [733], 'pp.xi-xix.': [734], '19': [735], 'David': [736], 'Simpson,': [737], '9/11:': [738], 'Culture': [740], 'Commemoration,': [742], 'pp.8–11.': [751], '20': [752], 'Valerie': [753, 781, 806, 811], 'Martin,': [754, 782, 807, 812], 'Property': [755], 'pp.3–5.': [759], '21': [760], 'Susan': [761, 792, 816, 865], 'V.': [762, 793, 817, 866], 'Donaldson,': [763, 794, 818, 867], '‘Telling': [764, 795, 819, 868], 'Forgotten': [765, 796, 820, 869], 'Stories': [766, 797, 821, 870], 'Postmodern': [771, 802, 826, 875], 'South’,': [772, 803, 827, 876], 'Southern': [774], 'Literary': [775], 'Journal,': [776], '40:2': [777], '(2008),': [778], 'p.279.': [779, 828], '22': [780], 'Property,': [783, 808, 813], '109,': [785], '137–8,': [786], '166,': [787], '170,': [788], '205,': [789], '207–9.': [790], '23': [791, 888], 'p.273.': [804], '24': [805], 'pp.82–3.': [809], '25': [810], 'p.74.': [814], '26': [815], '27': [829], 'intimacy': [834], 'subjection': [836], 'slave': [838], 'narratives,': [839], 'Christina': [841], 'Sharpe,': [842], 'Monstrous': [843], 'Intimacies:': [844], 'Making': [845], 'Post-Slavery': [846], 'Subjects': [847], '(Durham': [848], 'Duke': [851], '2010),': [854], 'pp.13–26.': [855], '28': [856], 'similar': [859, 1160], 'reading': [860], 'this': [862, 1056], 'scene,': [863], 'pp.274–5.': [877], '29': [878], 'War,': [883, 1136], 'pp.1,': [884], '4–5,': [885], '7–10,': [886], '12–15,': [887], '29,': [889], '45,': [890], '51,': [891], '72–5,': [892], '78–80,': [893], '95–5.': [894], '30': [895, 906], 'Toni': [896, 908], 'Morrison,': [897, 909], 'Mercy': [899], 'Vintage,': [901], 'pp.8–11,': [903], '25–26,': [904], '20,': [905], '31': [907], 'Mercy,': [911], 'pp.141–2.': [912], '32': [913], 'Donald': [914], 'E.': [915], 'Pease,': [916], 'Exceptionalism': [920], '(Minnesota': [921], 'Minneapolis': [926], 'pp.155,': [929], '157–8,': [930], '160–1,': [931], '168–9,': [932], '170–1,': [933], '173–5,': [934], '178,': [935], '183.': [936], 'Adriana': [937, 1100], 'Caverero': [938], 'has': [939, 1157, 1194, 1226, 1268, 1290], 'noted,': [940], 'postures': [945], 'tortured': [948], 'torturers,': [950], 'enforced': [952], 'tableaux': [953], 'torture,': [955, 965], 'are': [956], 'quotations': [957], 'archive': [960], 'history': [963], 'more': [967], 'precisely': [968], 'iconic': [970], 'images': [971, 1079, 1225], 'Nazi': [973], 'Germany': [974], 'Ku': [977], 'Klux': [978], "Klan's": [979], 'regimes': [980], 'terror': [982, 1282, 1299], 'South)': [986], 'have': [988], 'been': [989, 1228], 'spectacularly': [990], 'disseminated.': [991], 'To': [992], 'quote': [993], 'Caverero:': [994], 'stands': [996], 'out': [997], 'them': [999, 1240], 'spectral': [1002], 'caricature': [1003], 'torture': [1005, 1052, 1060, 1067, 1072], 'reduced': [1006], 'level': [1009], 'filthy': [1011], 'farce.': [1012], 'Phantasmic': [1013], 'copies…': [1014], '[in': [1015], 'which]': [1016], 'Abu': [1018, 1031, 1081, 1128], 'Ghraib': [1019, 1129], 'tormenters': [1020], 'their': [1022, 1244, 1247], 'victims': [1023], 'appear': [1024], 'spectres’.': [1026], 'In': [1027, 1311], 'case': [1029, 1125], 'Ghraib,': [1032, 1082], 'power': [1033, 1095, 1122], 'only': [1034], 'reveals': [1035], 'itself': [1036, 1097], 'terms': [1038, 1302], 'caricature,': [1040], 'bad': [1042], 'theatre.': [1043], 'Caverero,': [1045, 1101], 'unmasking': [1047], 'illegality': [1050], 'secondary': [1054], 'structural': [1057], 'revelation:': [1058], 'spectral,': [1062], 'fictitious,': [1063], 'miming': [1066], 'before': [1068], 'camera': [1070], 'masks': [1071], 'off-set.': [1073], 'global': [1075], 'reach': [1076], 'excessive': [1084], 'visuality': [1085], 'event,': [1088], 'became': [1089], 'perfect': [1091], 'means': [1092], 'represented': [1096], 'itself.': [1099], 'Horrorism:': [1102], 'Naming': [1103], 'Contemporary': [1104], 'Violence,': [1105], 'William': [1107], 'McCuaig': [1108], 'Columbia': [1111], 'p.111.': [1115], '33': [1116], 'On': [1117], "frame's": [1119], 'subsumption': [1120], 'photographs,': [1130], 'pp.72–5,': [1137], '78,': [1138], '94–5;': [1139], 'overcoming': [1141], 'frames': [1143], 'ratify,': [1146], 'pp.99–100;': [1148], 'ethical': [1151], 'act,': [1152], 'p.180.': [1154], 'Dora': [1155, 1333], 'Apel': [1156], 'something': [1159], 'her': [1162], 'examination': [1163], 'twenty-first-century': [1166], 'legacy': [1167], 'lynching': [1169, 1210, 1289], 'culture.': [1172], 'exhibition': [1174], 'photographic': [1177], 'images,': [1178, 1191], 'taken': [1179], 'between': [1180, 1192], '1880': [1181], '1960,': [1183], 'lynching,': [1185], 'publication': [1188], 'those': [1190], '2000–2002': [1193], 'informed': [1195], 'new-found': [1197], 'sensitivity': [1198], 'racist': [1200], 'violence': [1201], 'present': [1204, 1286], 'bears': [1206], 'hallmarks': [1208], '(the': [1211], 'significance': [1212], 'often': [1216, 1291], 'ignored': [1217], 'police': [1219], 'authorities).': [1220], 'dissemination': [1222], 'these': [1224], 'spur': [1230], 'historical': [1233], 'consciences': [1234], 'white': [1236, 1252], 'audiences': [1237], 'prompting': [1239], 'think': [1242], 'through': [1243], 'relationship': [1245], 'with': [1246], 'counterparts:': [1248], 'photographed': [1249], 'enthusiastic,': [1250], 'voyeuristic': [1251], 'onlookers': [1253], 'perpetrators.': [1255], 'However,': [1256], 'cultural': [1260], 'environment': [1261], 'signifier': [1265], '‘terrorism’': [1267], 'come': [1269], 'define': [1273], 'range': [1275], 'violent': [1277], 'acts,': [1278], 'location': [1280], 'past': [1284], 'acts': [1287], 'lent': [1292], 'unqualified': [1293], 'support': [1294], 'fight': [1297], 'against': [1298], 'abroad': [1300], 'foreign': [1305], 'policy': [1306], 'Afghanistan': [1308], 'Iraq.': [1310], 'other': [1312], 'words,': [1313], 'identification': [1315], 'social': [1317], 'death': [1318], 'soil': [1321], 'does': [1322], 'necessarily': [1324], 'encourage': [1325], 'moral': [1326], 'conduct': [1327], 'theatre': [1329], 'war.': [1331], 'Apel,': [1334], '‘On': [1335], 'Looking:': [1336], 'Lynching': [1337, 1342], 'Legacies': [1340], '9/11’,': [1344], 'Quarterly,': [1346], '55:3': [1347], '(2003),': [1348], 'pp.457–478.': [1349], '34': [1350], 'Rothberg,': [1352], 'Multidirectional': [1353], 'Memory:': [1354], 'Remembering': [1355], 'Age': [1360], 'Decolonisation': [1362], 'pp.12–16.': [1368]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056531038', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-21T22:35:46.523172', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}