Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2045037560', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550910982850', 'title': 'Performance management in the public sector', 'display_name': 'Performance management in the public sector', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-08-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2045037560', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550910982850', 'mag': '2045037560'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550910982850', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S90998793', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Public Sector Management', 'issn_l': '0951-3558', 'issn': ['0951-3558', '1758-6666'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319811', 'host_organization_name': 'Emerald Publishing Limited', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319811'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Emerald Publishing Limited'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090509316', 'display_name': 'Karen J. Fryer', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I195939026', 'display_name': 'Glasgow Caledonian University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dvm1235', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I195939026']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Karen Fryer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Caledonian Bus. Sch., Glasgow Caledonian Univ., Glasgow, , UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Caledonian Bus. Sch., Glasgow Caledonian Univ., Glasgow, , UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I195939026']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057782868', 'display_name': 'Jiju Antony', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-5736'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181647926', 'display_name': 'University of Strathclyde', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00n3w3b69', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181647926']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jiju Antony', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['(Department of DMEM, Strathclyde Institute for Operations Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '(Department of DMEM, Strathclyde Institute for Operations Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181647926']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002987574', 'display_name': 'Susan M. Ogden', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I195939026', 'display_name': 'Glasgow Caledonian University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dvm1235', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I195939026']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Susan M. Ogden', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Caledonian Bus. Sch., Glasgow Caledonian Univ., Glasgow, , UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Caledonian Bus. Sch., Glasgow Caledonian Univ., Glasgow, , UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I195939026']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 10.37, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 222, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.969614, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '22', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '478', 'last_page': '498'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10213', 'display_name': 'Public Policy and Administration Research', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3321', 'display_name': 'Public Administration'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10213', 'display_name': 'Public Policy and Administration Research', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3321', 'display_name': 'Public Administration'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10797', 'display_name': 'Accounting and Organizational Management', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1404', 'display_name': 'Management Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10344', 'display_name': 'Management and Organizational Studies', 'score': 0.9524, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1407', 'display_name': 'Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-management', 'display_name': 'Performance Management', 'score': 0.67843115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/new-public-management', 'display_name': 'New public management', 'score': 0.63501775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research', 'display_name': 'Empirical Research', 'score': 0.4939378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/value', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'score': 0.48247746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/public-value', 'display_name': 'Public Value', 'score': 0.45249245}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147859227', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217', 'display_name': 'Public sector', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.84653866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776007630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912', 'display_name': 'Accountability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7344206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12532035', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399956', 'display_name': 'Performance management', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67843115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780233690', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347', 'display_name': 'Transparency (behavior)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6735623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47936135', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294245', 'display_name': 'New public management', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.63501775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121426985', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763', 'display_name': 'Private sector', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5455623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776950860', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681', 'display_name': 'Originality', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.53872466}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.51545316}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141571065', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771949', 'display_name': 'Performance measurement', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.515422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120936955', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640', 'display_name': 'Empirical research', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4939378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776291640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48247746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121955636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214', 'display_name': 'Accounting', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47194022}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779498785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330222', 'display_name': 'Public value', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45249245}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33551902}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3116431', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728', 'display_name': 'Public administration', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29788387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162853370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809', 'display_name': 'Marketing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25068414}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2505194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12677729}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09134886}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08965659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136264566', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810', 'display_name': 'Economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11012388', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658', 'display_name': 'Creativity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550910982850', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S90998793', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Public Sector Management', 'issn_l': '0951-3558', 'issn': ['0951-3558', '1758-6666'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319811', 'host_organization_name': 'Emerald Publishing Limited', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319811'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Emerald Publishing Limited'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 101, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W146626221', 'https://openalex.org/W1490101869', 'https://openalex.org/W1496178956', 'https://openalex.org/W1499717165', 'https://openalex.org/W1500448627', 'https://openalex.org/W1556714761', 'https://openalex.org/W1557610242', 'https://openalex.org/W1566352736', 'https://openalex.org/W1581656368', 'https://openalex.org/W1582650049', 'https://openalex.org/W1595880849', 'https://openalex.org/W1599293004', 'https://openalex.org/W1605955538', 'https://openalex.org/W1608157070', 'https://openalex.org/W1898003812', 'https://openalex.org/W1955934323', 'https://openalex.org/W1964380096', 'https://openalex.org/W1964887802', 'https://openalex.org/W1965278510', 'https://openalex.org/W1965935771', 'https://openalex.org/W1969891464', 'https://openalex.org/W1979578712', 'https://openalex.org/W1980406593', 'https://openalex.org/W1983138776', 'https://openalex.org/W1983440655', 'https://openalex.org/W1987992824', 'https://openalex.org/W1993658956', 'https://openalex.org/W1996475526', 'https://openalex.org/W1996503624', 'https://openalex.org/W1996867741', 'https://openalex.org/W1999232605', 'https://openalex.org/W2004228528', 'https://openalex.org/W2004725782', 'https://openalex.org/W2008516961', 'https://openalex.org/W2011203092', 'https://openalex.org/W2011229147', 'https://openalex.org/W2013324469', 'https://openalex.org/W2013772503', 'https://openalex.org/W2013854621', 'https://openalex.org/W2015280904', 'https://openalex.org/W2017549293', 'https://openalex.org/W2017699874', 'https://openalex.org/W2024673224', 'https://openalex.org/W2025496294', 'https://openalex.org/W2031034031', 'https://openalex.org/W2031270816', 'https://openalex.org/W2031677659', 'https://openalex.org/W2034153227', 'https://openalex.org/W2037685104', 'https://openalex.org/W2041294800', 'https://openalex.org/W2041722775', 'https://openalex.org/W2044739784', 'https://openalex.org/W2045164376', 'https://openalex.org/W2046220575', 'https://openalex.org/W2048638167', 'https://openalex.org/W2054975799', 'https://openalex.org/W2059414183', 'https://openalex.org/W2059670147', 'https://openalex.org/W2061774427', 'https://openalex.org/W2062212679', 'https://openalex.org/W2062586270', 'https://openalex.org/W2062653956', 'https://openalex.org/W2062982954', 'https://openalex.org/W2065890944', 'https://openalex.org/W2072125064', 'https://openalex.org/W2075092573', 'https://openalex.org/W2075130292', 'https://openalex.org/W2077007411', 'https://openalex.org/W2080257533', 'https://openalex.org/W2080908065', 'https://openalex.org/W2081574542', 'https://openalex.org/W2084081510', 'https://openalex.org/W2084107271', 'https://openalex.org/W2093807333', 'https://openalex.org/W2102580399', 'https://openalex.org/W2107753640', 'https://openalex.org/W2117646853', 'https://openalex.org/W2117857087', 'https://openalex.org/W2119677920', 'https://openalex.org/W2124876393', 'https://openalex.org/W2125881799', 'https://openalex.org/W2126745446', 'https://openalex.org/W2131406785', 'https://openalex.org/W2132913186', 'https://openalex.org/W2143734232', 'https://openalex.org/W2151339488', 'https://openalex.org/W2167712989', 'https://openalex.org/W2171739801', 'https://openalex.org/W2285161813', 'https://openalex.org/W3094741112', 'https://openalex.org/W3121357941', 'https://openalex.org/W3122913462', 'https://openalex.org/W3125425361', 'https://openalex.org/W322267027', 'https://openalex.org/W4231316765', 'https://openalex.org/W4233392274', 'https://openalex.org/W4247561336', 'https://openalex.org/W4388174322', 'https://openalex.org/W45378285', 'https://openalex.org/W613911010', 'https://openalex.org/W649914386'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4239953433', 'https://openalex.org/W2224674674', 'https://openalex.org/W2204074347', 'https://openalex.org/W2171739801', 'https://openalex.org/W2062584894', 'https://openalex.org/W2031808671', 'https://openalex.org/W2006488524', 'https://openalex.org/W1687471046', 'https://openalex.org/W1591115862', 'https://openalex.org/W1571718024'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Purpose': [0], 'The': [1, 36, 90, 105, 123], 'purpose': [2], 'of': [3, 11, 44, 62, 85, 128, 131, 146], 'the': [4, 9, 15, 55, 68, 82, 99, 117, 129, 142, 151], 'paper': [5, 29, 91, 124], 'is': [6, 26, 92, 101], 'to': [7, 97, 110], 'assess': [8], 'state': [10, 130], 'performance': [12, 65, 86, 112, 132, 147], 'management': [13, 66, 113, 133], 'within': [14, 115, 136], 'public': [16, 56, 69, 118, 137], 'sector': [17, 70, 138], 'and': [18, 46, 74, 79, 94, 119, 134, 140, 156], 'suggest': [19], 'areas': [20], 'for': [21, 48, 159], 'further': [22], 'research.': [23], 'Design': [24], 'This': [25], 'a': [27, 32], 'theoretical': [28], 'based': [30], 'on': [31], 'literature': [33], 'review.': [34], 'Findings': [35], 'expected': [37], 'improvements': [38], 'in': [39, 54, 67], 'performance,': [40], 'accountability,': [41], 'transparency,': [42], 'quality': [43], 'service': [45], 'value': [47], 'money': [49], 'have': [50], 'not': [51], 'yet': [52], 'materialised': [53], 'sector.': [57], 'There': [58], 'are': [59], 'three': [60, 154], 'classes': [61], 'problems': [63, 152], 'with': [64], '–': [71], 'technical,': [72], 'systems': [73, 114], 'involvement.': [75], 'Externally': [76], 'imposed': [77], 'restructurings': [78], 'reorganisations': [80], 'restrict': [81], 'successful': [83], 'implementation': [84], 'management.': [87, 148], 'Research': [88], 'limitations/implications': [89], 'theoretical,': [93], 'empirical': [95], 'research': [96], 'test': [98], 'results': [100], 'required.': [102], 'Practical': [103], 'implications': [104], 'findings': [106], 'can': [107], 'be': [108], 'used': [109], 'enhance': [111], 'both': [116], 'private': [120], 'sectors.': [121], 'Originality/value': [122], 'provides': [125], 'an': [126], 'overview': [127], 'measurement': [135], 'organisations': [139], 'explains': [141], 'possible': [143], 'unwelcome': [144], 'effects': [145], 'It': [149], 'divides': [150], 'into': [153], 'categories': [155], 'offers': [157], 'suggestions': [158], 'improvement.': [160]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045037560', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-07T03:17:22.711604', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}