Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2044569715', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.75.9.4194', 'title': 'Procedure for preparation of liposomes with large internal aqueous space and high capture by reverse-phase evaporation.', 'display_name': 'Procedure for preparation of liposomes with large internal aqueous space and high capture by reverse-phase evaporation.', 'publication_year': 1978, 'publication_date': '1978-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2044569715', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.75.9.4194', 'mag': '2044569715', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/279908', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/336078'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.75.9.4194', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.75.9.4194', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110017265', 'display_name': 'F Szoka', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1292894508', 'display_name': 'Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0499dwk57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1292894508']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F Szoka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1292894508']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111586290', 'display_name': 'Demetrios Papahadjopoulos', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1292894508', 'display_name': 'Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0499dwk57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1292894508']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D Papahadjopoulos', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1292894508']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 7.202, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 2254, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.996219, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '75', 'issue': '9', 'first_page': '4194', 'last_page': '4198'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10407', 'display_name': 'Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10407', 'display_name': 'Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10683', 'display_name': 'Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications', 'score': 0.9813, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11582', 'display_name': 'Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies', 'score': 0.9787, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-two-phase-system', 'display_name': 'Aqueous two-phase system', 'score': 0.5819032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sonication', 'display_name': 'Sonication', 'score': 0.44966072}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130316041', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189206', 'display_name': 'Vesicle', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8845275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184651966', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356', 'display_name': 'Aqueous solution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72077096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7029369}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40875361', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356542', 'display_name': 'Reagent', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6407616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185154212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410454', 'display_name': 'Liposome', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6364652}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149556010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4782870', 'display_name': 'Aqueous two-phase system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5819032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.56472754}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780471494', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505', 'display_name': 'Solvent', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5399535}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778918659', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186915', 'display_name': 'Phospholipid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47210136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24107716', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123619', 'display_name': 'Nucleic acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45382863}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44280652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837', 'display_name': 'Phase (matter)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44974828}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104628117', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3964828', 'display_name': 'Sonication', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44966072}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61441594', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814', 'display_name': 'Evaporation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44335493}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3654465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3011318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1659508}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14838153}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D008081', 'descriptor_name': 'Liposomes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055598', 'descriptor_name': 'Chemical Phenomena', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002627', 'descriptor_name': 'Chemistry, Physical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002784', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholesterol', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008722', 'descriptor_name': 'Methods', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008970', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Weight', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009994', 'descriptor_name': 'Osmolar Concentration', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010539', 'descriptor_name': 'Permeability', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010713', 'descriptor_name': 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010715', 'descriptor_name': 'Phosphatidylglycerols', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012997', 'descriptor_name': 'Solvents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.75.9.4194', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc336078', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc336078?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC336078', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/279908', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.75.9.4194', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'score': 0.85, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 22, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1485156783', 'https://openalex.org/W1540025041', 'https://openalex.org/W1893651774', 'https://openalex.org/W1900552022', 'https://openalex.org/W1979745459', 'https://openalex.org/W2005662181', 'https://openalex.org/W2005781684', 'https://openalex.org/W2006715295', 'https://openalex.org/W2012196034', 'https://openalex.org/W2014571604', 'https://openalex.org/W2018631209', 'https://openalex.org/W2023797283', 'https://openalex.org/W2038225831', 'https://openalex.org/W2048679742', 'https://openalex.org/W2074775050', 'https://openalex.org/W2093060266', 'https://openalex.org/W2120644189', 'https://openalex.org/W2166458266', 'https://openalex.org/W2405192040', 'https://openalex.org/W2406177715', 'https://openalex.org/W2985580221', 'https://openalex.org/W575491589'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3147373390', 'https://openalex.org/W2901065584', 'https://openalex.org/W2532657443', 'https://openalex.org/W2428313309', 'https://openalex.org/W2081561946', 'https://openalex.org/W2080078119', 'https://openalex.org/W2017142036', 'https://openalex.org/W2009857196', 'https://openalex.org/W2009157011', 'https://openalex.org/W2003731969'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Large': [0], 'unilamellar': [1], 'and': [2, 18, 21, 45, 60, 115, 121], 'oligolamellar': [3], 'vesicles': [4, 34, 125], 'are': [5, 53, 126], 'formed': [6], 'when': [7], 'an': [8], 'aqueous': [9, 47, 74], 'buffer': [10], 'is': [11, 25, 83], 'introduced': [12], 'into': [13], 'a': [14, 69], 'mixture': [15], 'of': [16, 43, 72, 123], 'phospholipid': [17], 'organic': [19, 23], 'solvent': [20, 24], 'the': [22, 73, 86, 124], 'subsequently': [26], 'removed': [27], 'by': [28], 'evaporation': [29], 'under': [30], 'reduced': [31], 'pressure.': [32], 'These': [33], 'can': [35], 'be': [36], 'made': [37], 'from': [38], 'various': [39], 'lipids': [40, 44], 'or': [41], 'mixtures': [42], 'have': [46], 'volume': [48], 'to': [49, 77], 'lipid': [50], 'ratios': [51], 'that': [52], '30': [54], 'times': [55, 62], 'higher': [56, 63], 'than': [57, 64], 'sonicated': [58], 'preparations': [59], '4': [61], 'multilamellar': [65], 'vesicles.': [66], 'Most': [67], 'importantly,': [68], 'substantial': [70], 'fraction': [71], 'phase': [75], '(up': [76], '62%': [78], 'at': [79], 'low': [80], 'salt': [81], 'concentrations)': [82], 'entrapped': [84], 'within': [85], 'vesicles,': [87], 'encapsulating': [88, 105], 'even': [89], 'large': [90], 'macromolecular': [91], 'assemblies': [92], 'with': [93], 'high': [94], 'efficiency.': [95], 'Thus,': [96], 'this': [97], 'relatively': [98], 'simple': [99], 'technique': [100], 'has': [101], 'unique': [102], 'advantages': [103], 'for': [104], 'valuable': [106], 'water-soluble': [107], 'materials': [108], 'such': [109], 'as': [110], 'drugs,': [111], 'proteins,': [112], 'nucleic': [113], 'acids,': [114], 'other': [116], 'biochemical': [117], 'reagents.': [118], 'The': [119], 'preparation': [120], 'properties': [122], 'described': [127], 'in': [128], 'detail.': [129]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044569715', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 54}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 59}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 57}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 51}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 45}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 68}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 72}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 64}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 54}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T07:29:56.988785', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}