Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2036142968', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1329559', 'title': 'How Much Does Immigration Boost Innovation?', 'display_name': 'How Much Does Immigration Boost Innovation?', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2036142968', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1329559', 'mag': '2036142968'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1329559', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210172589', 'display_name': 'SSRN Electronic Journal', 'issn_l': '1556-5068', 'issn': ['1556-5068'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1318003438', 'host_organization_name': 'RELX Group (Netherlands)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1318003438'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['RELX Group (Netherlands)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w14312/w14312.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103178729', 'display_name': 'Jennifer Hunt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-729X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140326', 'display_name': 'Centre for Economic Policy Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04jzmdh37', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140326']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5023651', 'display_name': 'McGill University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pxwe438', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5023651']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I197518295', 'display_name': 'IZA - Institute of Labor Economics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029s44460', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I197518295']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321305853', 'display_name': 'National Bureau of Economic Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04grmx538', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096112', 'display_name': 'Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rcvgx40', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096112']}], 'countries': ['CA', 'DE', 'GB', 'NL', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jennifer Hunt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)', 'IZA Institute of Labor Economics', 'McGill University - Department of Economics', 'National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)', 'Rutgers University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140326']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'McGill University - Department of Economics', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5023651']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'IZA Institute of Labor Economics', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I197518295']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Rutgers University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096112']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053962996', 'display_name': 'Marjolaine Gauthier‐Loiselle', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-595X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marjolaine Gauthier-Loiselle', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Princeton University - Department of Economics'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Princeton University - Department of Economics', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 5, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5103178729'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140326', 'https://openalex.org/I5023651', 'https://openalex.org/I197518295', 'https://openalex.org/I1321305853', 'https://openalex.org/I4210096112'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 16.497, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 182, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999977, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10393', 'display_name': 'Economic Growth and Productivity', 'score': 0.9858, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10393', 'display_name': 'Economic Growth and Productivity', 'score': 0.9858, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10349', 'display_name': 'Migration and Labor Dynamics', 'score': 0.9741, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12851', 'display_name': 'Firm Innovation and Growth', 'score': 0.9731, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70036468', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288', 'display_name': 'Immigration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9429996}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127598652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635', 'display_name': 'Per capita', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7831863}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4249254', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431', 'display_name': 'Demographic economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7217072}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6422946', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354', 'display_name': 'Panel data', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4461226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43185654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48103436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031', 'display_name': 'State (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4296049}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145236788', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161', 'display_name': 'Labour economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34639296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34316242}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32422164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21669337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15500215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08060354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.073106915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1329559', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210172589', 'display_name': 'SSRN Electronic Journal', 'issn_l': '1556-5068', 'issn': ['1556-5068'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1318003438', 'host_organization_name': 'RELX Group (Netherlands)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1318003438'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['RELX Group (Netherlands)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.nber.org/papers/w14312', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w14312/w14312.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4308707206', 'display_name': 'Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'mit', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/mit', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.nber.org/papers/w14312.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.nber.org/papers/w14312.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hdl.handle.net/10419/35709', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/35709/1/589802992.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401696', 'display_name': 'Econstor (Econstor)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.aeaweb.org/aej/mac/app/2009-0001_app.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.aeaweb.org/aej/mac/app/2009-0001_app.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:iza:izadps:dp3921', 'pdf_url': 'https://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pf?u=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.iza.org%2Fdp3921.pdf;h=repec:iza:izadps:dp3921', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.nber.org/papers/w14312', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w14312/w14312.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4308707206', 'display_name': 'Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'mit', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/mit', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.52, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 28, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1479827809', 'https://openalex.org/W1536650192', 'https://openalex.org/W1547549689', 'https://openalex.org/W1901474469', 'https://openalex.org/W1970945582', 'https://openalex.org/W1991068961', 'https://openalex.org/W2013557135', 'https://openalex.org/W2026049404', 'https://openalex.org/W2138269415', 'https://openalex.org/W2152667932', 'https://openalex.org/W2158574981', 'https://openalex.org/W2165429918', 'https://openalex.org/W2173985445', 'https://openalex.org/W2479596829', 'https://openalex.org/W2890516329', 'https://openalex.org/W3022473653', 'https://openalex.org/W3121750534', 'https://openalex.org/W3122424070', 'https://openalex.org/W3122866201', 'https://openalex.org/W3123902721', 'https://openalex.org/W3124008157', 'https://openalex.org/W3124079976', 'https://openalex.org/W3124317057', 'https://openalex.org/W3124355409', 'https://openalex.org/W3124590300', 'https://openalex.org/W3124852696', 'https://openalex.org/W3125418011', 'https://openalex.org/W3125460393'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3124423939', 'https://openalex.org/W2189242000', 'https://openalex.org/W2154128110', 'https://openalex.org/W2117752611', 'https://openalex.org/W2111226875', 'https://openalex.org/W2036142968', 'https://openalex.org/W1904403550', 'https://openalex.org/W1606538926', 'https://openalex.org/W1526100476', 'https://openalex.org/W117615249'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0, 143, 172], 'measure': [1], 'the': [2, 11, 39, 68, 75, 145, 150, 153, 162, 167, 174, 177, 189], 'extent': [3], 'to': [4, 133], 'which': [5], 'skilled': [6, 156, 170, 194], 'immigrants': [7, 35, 102, 116, 157, 183, 195], 'increase': [8, 124, 138, 165, 192], 'innovation': [9], 'in': [10, 54, 67, 74, 122, 125, 131, 139, 152, 158, 166, 193], 'United': [12], 'States': [13], 'by': [14, 49, 81, 148], 'exploring': [15], 'individual': [16], 'patenting': [17], 'behavior': [18], 'as': [19, 21], 'well': [20], 'state-level': [22], 'determinants': [23], 'of': [24, 30, 70, 88, 129, 155, 169, 182], 'patenting.': [25], 'The': [26], '2003': [27], 'National': [28], 'Survey': [29], 'College': [31], 'Graduates': [32], 'shows': [33], 'that': [34, 43, 61, 115], 'patent': [36], 'at': [37], 'double': [38], 'native': [40, 96], 'rate,': [41], 'and': [42, 56, 188], 'this': [44], 'is': [45], 'entirely': [46], 'accounted': [47], 'for': [48], 'their': [50], 'disproportionately': [51], 'holding': [52], 'degrees': [53], 'science': [55], 'engineering.': [57], 'These': [58], 'data': [59], 'imply': [60], 'a': [62, 109, 134, 159], 'one': [63, 135], 'percentage': [64, 136], 'point': [65, 137], 'rise': [66], 'share': [69, 154, 168], 'immigrant': [71, 92, 140], 'college': [72, 141], 'graduates': [73], 'population': [76], 'increases': [77], 'patents': [78, 126], 'per': [79, 127], 'capita': [80, 128], '6%.': [82], 'This': [83], 'could': [84], 'be': [85], 'an': [86, 99, 123], 'overestimate': [87], "immigration's": [89], 'benefit': [90], 'if': [91, 101], 'inventors': [93], 'crowd': [94], 'out': [95], 'inventors,': [97], 'or': [98], 'underestimate': [100], 'have': [103, 118], 'positive': [104, 119], 'spill-overs': [105], 'on': [106, 176], 'inventors.': [107], 'Using': [108], '1940-2000': [110], 'state': [111, 160], 'panel,': [112], 'we': [113], 'show': [114], 'do': [117], 'spill-overs,': [120], 'resulting': [121], '9-18%': [130], 'response': [132], 'graduates.': [142], 'isolate': [144], 'causal': [146], 'effect': [147], 'instrumenting': [149], 'change': [151], 'with': [161], "state's": [163], 'predicted': [164], 'immigrants.': [171], 'base': [173], 'latter': [175], '1940': [178], 'distribution': [179], 'across': [180], 'states': [181], 'from': [184, 196], 'various': [185], 'source': [186], 'regions': [187], 'subsequent': [190], 'national': [191], 'these': [197], 'regions.': [198]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036142968', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-27T07:12:26.723866', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}