Title: Adipocyte Fat Mobilization: The Regulatory Roles of Perilipin 1, Adipose Triglyceride Lipase, and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase
Abstract: Individual cells of organisms require a continuous energy supply for survival. Mammals store energy reserves for the whole body within adipocytes, highly specialized cells of adipose tissue. Under conditions of excess nutrient intake, energy is stored as triacylglycerides within intracellular lipid storage droplets. When energy demand exceeds intake, adipocytes respond by hydrolyzing triacylglycerides and releasing the stored energy into systemic circulation as free fatty acids and glycerol. Processes that balance adipose energy storage and release are tightly regulated, with inhibitory and stimulatory hormones acting on cell surface receptors of responsive adipocytes. Perilipin protein Plin1 localizes at the surface of lipid droplets in adipocytes and regulates lipolytic activity, hydrolysis of triacylglycerides. Differential transmembrane signaling defines the phosphorylation state of Plin1; unphosphorylated Plin1 restricts access of the hydrolytic lipases to lipid droplets and suppresses lipolysis, whereas phosphorylated Plin1 recruits activated lipases such as adipocyte triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase to lipid droplet surfaces. These latter events activate lipolytic activity in vivo 50–100-fold in comparison to quiescent, unstimulated adipocytes.
Publication Year: 2013
Publication Date: 2013-01-01
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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Cited By Count: 1
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