Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2016679285', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.185', 'title': 'Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.', 'display_name': 'Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2016679285', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.185', 'mag': '2016679285', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9491747'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9491747', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073137822', 'display_name': 'Vonnie C. McLoyd', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I170897317', 'display_name': 'Duke University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00py81415', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I170897317']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'V C McLoyd', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Social and Health Sciences, Duke University, USA. [email protected]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Social and Health Sciences, Duke University, USA. [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I170897317']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5073137822'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I170897317'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 23.653, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 3385, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.987013, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '53', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '185', 'last_page': '204'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10589', 'display_name': 'Factors Affecting Student Engagement in Education', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10589', 'display_name': 'Factors Affecting Student Engagement in Education', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10182', 'display_name': 'Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents', 'score': 0.9933, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10475', 'display_name': 'Role of Positive Emotions in Well-Being', 'score': 0.9573, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/socioemotional-selectivity-theory', 'display_name': 'Socioemotional selectivity theory', 'score': 0.981683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/disadvantage', 'display_name': 'Disadvantage', 'score': 0.7468145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stressor', 'display_name': 'Stressor', 'score': 0.63082325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-trajectories', 'display_name': 'Developmental Trajectories', 'score': 0.496138}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/child-development', 'display_name': 'Child development', 'score': 0.45351404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-skill', 'display_name': 'Cognitive skill', 'score': 0.44175604}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101595628', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7552788', 'display_name': 'Socioemotional selectivity theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.981683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777673361', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281228', 'display_name': 'Disadvantage', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7468145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189326681', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294', 'display_name': 'Poverty', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.710219}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147077947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895', 'display_name': 'Socioeconomic status', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7086339}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.70260537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6655309}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125370674', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480', 'display_name': 'Stressor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63082325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50610775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140441792', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910672', 'display_name': 'Cognitive development', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46841732}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781206393', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419', 'display_name': 'Academic achievement', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46003613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109260823', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407784', 'display_name': 'Child development', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45351404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134290984', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241', 'display_name': 'Cognitive skill', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44175604}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70410870', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906', 'display_name': 'Clinical psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39133143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2119286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16680235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16486046}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.09760454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.076446176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002657', 'descriptor_name': 'Child Development', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002658', 'descriptor_name': 'Developmental Disabilities', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011203', 'descriptor_name': 'Poverty', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012917', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Adjustment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002675', 'descriptor_name': 'Child, Preschool', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002658', 'descriptor_name': 'Developmental Disabilities', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002658', 'descriptor_name': 'Developmental Disabilities', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007223', 'descriptor_name': 'Infant', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007231', 'descriptor_name': 'Infant, Newborn', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011203', 'descriptor_name': 'Poverty', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012931', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Environment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012947', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Work', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9491747', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1', 'score': 0.8, 'display_name': 'No poverty'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 186, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W118568759', 'https://openalex.org/W1482860763', 'https://openalex.org/W1489310010', 'https://openalex.org/W1490948437', 'https://openalex.org/W1495193291', 'https://openalex.org/W1502253867', 'https://openalex.org/W1525530955', 'https://openalex.org/W1528307744', 'https://openalex.org/W1533900552', 'https://openalex.org/W1537259130', 'https://openalex.org/W1540113360', 'https://openalex.org/W1541136757', 'https://openalex.org/W1547967019', 'https://openalex.org/W1548380465', 'https://openalex.org/W1549887449', 'https://openalex.org/W1560974906', 'https://openalex.org/W1566936261', 'https://openalex.org/W1577131467', 'https://openalex.org/W1589258760', 'https://openalex.org/W1590458649', 'https://openalex.org/W1606493027', 'https://openalex.org/W1688594209', 'https://openalex.org/W1709573589', 'https://openalex.org/W1713979823', 'https://openalex.org/W1719833395', 'https://openalex.org/W1808603282', 'https://openalex.org/W182946039', 'https://openalex.org/W1848590358', 'https://openalex.org/W18807917', 'https://openalex.org/W1899061752', 'https://openalex.org/W1963879617', 'https://openalex.org/W1964362403', 'https://openalex.org/W1964460655', 'https://openalex.org/W1964676392', 'https://openalex.org/W1965958424', 'https://openalex.org/W1966583090', 'https://openalex.org/W1967910350', 'https://openalex.org/W1969048095', 'https://openalex.org/W1970663625', 'https://openalex.org/W1971275084', 'https://openalex.org/W1971584258', 'https://openalex.org/W1972118613', 'https://openalex.org/W1972239181', 'https://openalex.org/W1972455247', 'https://openalex.org/W1973944698', 'https://openalex.org/W1975004036', 'https://openalex.org/W1977029369', 'https://openalex.org/W1977548239', 'https://openalex.org/W1978844235', 'https://openalex.org/W1980682286', 'https://openalex.org/W1982819171', 'https://openalex.org/W1984235632', 'https://openalex.org/W1984376303', 'https://openalex.org/W1984754128', 'https://openalex.org/W1985256615', 'https://openalex.org/W1986191947', 'https://openalex.org/W1986262360', 'https://openalex.org/W1986762259', 'https://openalex.org/W1988712677', 'https://openalex.org/W1989735393', 'https://openalex.org/W1990903192', 'https://openalex.org/W1991271431', 'https://openalex.org/W1994553551', 'https://openalex.org/W1995334871', 'https://openalex.org/W1998270860', 'https://openalex.org/W1999087819', 'https://openalex.org/W2002378920', 'https://openalex.org/W2003595789', 'https://openalex.org/W2004353732', 'https://openalex.org/W2004877893', 'https://openalex.org/W2005079701', 'https://openalex.org/W2005231180', 'https://openalex.org/W2005889585', 'https://openalex.org/W2015028597', 'https://openalex.org/W2017523394', 'https://openalex.org/W2017632168', 'https://openalex.org/W2018653636', 'https://openalex.org/W2019063587', 'https://openalex.org/W2019739262', 'https://openalex.org/W2020960788', 'https://openalex.org/W2021452281', 'https://openalex.org/W2031552039', 'https://openalex.org/W2032393814', 'https://openalex.org/W2034283054', 'https://openalex.org/W2034563483', 'https://openalex.org/W2035237053', 'https://openalex.org/W2035747875', 'https://openalex.org/W2037157811', 'https://openalex.org/W2038605524', 'https://openalex.org/W2040282204', 'https://openalex.org/W2041638149', 'https://openalex.org/W2043954475', 'https://openalex.org/W2044868331', 'https://openalex.org/W2049488141', 'https://openalex.org/W2050233227', 'https://openalex.org/W2050336499', 'https://openalex.org/W2050695123', 'https://openalex.org/W2051197927', 'https://openalex.org/W2051985312', 'https://openalex.org/W2054238128', 'https://openalex.org/W2057115214', 'https://openalex.org/W2059455707', 'https://openalex.org/W2059575471', 'https://openalex.org/W2059859227', 'https://openalex.org/W2062496822', 'https://openalex.org/W2064154751', 'https://openalex.org/W2066242583', 'https://openalex.org/W2068880073', 'https://openalex.org/W2071338647', 'https://openalex.org/W2071484124', 'https://openalex.org/W2072786023', 'https://openalex.org/W2074727025', 'https://openalex.org/W2076493618', 'https://openalex.org/W2077500011', 'https://openalex.org/W2078691920', 'https://openalex.org/W2079872858', 'https://openalex.org/W2080061569', 'https://openalex.org/W2085791866', 'https://openalex.org/W2086161494', 'https://openalex.org/W2086830322', 'https://openalex.org/W2089619724', 'https://openalex.org/W2090231121', 'https://openalex.org/W2093278400', 'https://openalex.org/W2093283485', 'https://openalex.org/W2093472320', 'https://openalex.org/W2094429259', 'https://openalex.org/W2099346545', 'https://openalex.org/W2099755735', 'https://openalex.org/W2100624902', 'https://openalex.org/W2102128354', 'https://openalex.org/W2104661638', 'https://openalex.org/W2106486633', 'https://openalex.org/W2107936065', 'https://openalex.org/W2109730638', 'https://openalex.org/W2112562562', 'https://openalex.org/W2119538357', 'https://openalex.org/W2119638574', 'https://openalex.org/W2122630700', 'https://openalex.org/W2137129850', 'https://openalex.org/W2139356314', 'https://openalex.org/W2139676808', 'https://openalex.org/W2142571946', 'https://openalex.org/W2151188646', 'https://openalex.org/W2151886838', 'https://openalex.org/W2153807578', 'https://openalex.org/W2156592940', 'https://openalex.org/W2156598371', 'https://openalex.org/W2156717411', 'https://openalex.org/W2163459183', 'https://openalex.org/W2166106095', 'https://openalex.org/W2174401582', 'https://openalex.org/W2312294999', 'https://openalex.org/W2315115729', 'https://openalex.org/W2330310237', 'https://openalex.org/W2331750352', 'https://openalex.org/W2347887945', 'https://openalex.org/W2483525376', 'https://openalex.org/W2619950216', 'https://openalex.org/W2729553744', 'https://openalex.org/W2731008331', 'https://openalex.org/W2731752587', 'https://openalex.org/W2784386186', 'https://openalex.org/W2785101315', 'https://openalex.org/W2798584324', 'https://openalex.org/W28476113', 'https://openalex.org/W2890061317', 'https://openalex.org/W2891215035', 'https://openalex.org/W2980110749', 'https://openalex.org/W2985578938', 'https://openalex.org/W299872454', 'https://openalex.org/W3035954990', 'https://openalex.org/W3123306567', 'https://openalex.org/W3124218611', 'https://openalex.org/W360449672', 'https://openalex.org/W417955775', 'https://openalex.org/W4233550658', 'https://openalex.org/W4239720164', 'https://openalex.org/W4251802213', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W601988749', 'https://openalex.org/W605827448', 'https://openalex.org/W636620581', 'https://openalex.org/W646273614', 'https://openalex.org/W659615361', 'https://openalex.org/W853137312', 'https://openalex.org/W99905271'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4309185664', 'https://openalex.org/W4255623694', 'https://openalex.org/W4239769505', 'https://openalex.org/W3090951390', 'https://openalex.org/W2171357886', 'https://openalex.org/W2117566057', 'https://openalex.org/W2099567520', 'https://openalex.org/W2039849152', 'https://openalex.org/W2029508242', 'https://openalex.org/W2016679285'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Recent': [0], 'research': [1, 123], 'consistently': [2], 'reports': [3], 'that': [4, 44], 'persistent': [5], 'poverty': [6, 27], 'has': [7], 'more': [8], 'detrimental': [9], 'effects': [10, 48], 'on': [11], 'IQ,': [12], 'school': [13, 89], 'achievement,': [14], 'and': [15, 56, 77, 99, 112, 117, 127], 'socioemotional': [16, 101], 'functioning': [17, 66, 102], 'than': [18, 32], 'transitory': [19], 'poverty,': [20], 'with': [21, 73], 'children': [22], 'experiencing': [23], 'both': [24], 'types': [25], 'of': [26, 37, 49, 88, 122], 'generally': [28], 'doing': [29], 'less': [30, 57], 'well': [31], 'never-poor': [33], 'children.': [34, 69, 93], 'Higher': [35], 'rates': [36], 'perinatal': [38, 50], 'complications,': [39, 51], 'reduced': [40], 'access': [41], 'to': [42, 54, 83, 85, 104, 115], 'resources': [43], 'buffer': [45], 'the': [46], 'negative': [47], 'increased': [52], 'exposure': [53, 114], 'lead,': [55], 'home-based': [58], 'cognitive': [59, 65], 'stimulation': [60], 'partly': [61, 107], 'account': [62], 'for': [63, 125], 'diminished': [64], 'in': [67], 'poor': [68, 92], 'These': [70], 'factors,': [71], 'along': [72], 'lower': [74, 86], 'teacher': [75], 'expectancies': [76], 'poorer': [78], 'academic-readiness': [79], 'skills,': [80], 'also': [81], 'appear': [82], 'contribute': [84], 'levels': [87], 'achievement': [90], 'among': [91], 'The': [94, 120], 'link': [95], 'between': [96], 'socioeconomic': [97], 'disadvantage': [98], "children's": [100], 'appears': [103], 'be': [105], 'mediated': [106], 'by': [108], 'harsh,': [109], 'inconsistent': [110], 'parenting': [111], 'elevated': [113], 'acute': [116], 'chronic': [118], 'stressors.': [119], 'implications': [121], 'findings': [124], 'practice': [126], 'policy': [128], 'are': [129], 'considered.': [130]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016679285', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 52}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 105}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 146}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 137}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 142}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 150}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 172}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 180}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 214}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 219}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 221}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T04:37:59.691075', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}