Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2006530064', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2014.946847', 'title': 'Women and Men Have Different Discourse Biases for Pronoun Interpretation', 'display_name': 'Women and Men Have Different Discourse Biases for Pronoun Interpretation', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-08-21', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2006530064', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2014.946847', 'mag': '2006530064'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2014.946847', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S181779256', 'display_name': 'Discourse Processes', 'issn_l': '0163-853X', 'issn': ['0163-853X', '1532-6950'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048678591', 'display_name': 'Jennifer E. Arnold', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-1305'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114027177', 'display_name': 'University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0130frc33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jennifer E. Arnold', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill#TAB#', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5048678591'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.726, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 49, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.733532, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '52', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '77', 'last_page': '110'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10465', 'display_name': 'Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10465', 'display_name': 'Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10103', 'display_name': 'Reading and Literacy Development', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11587', 'display_name': 'Second Language Acquisition and Learning', 'score': 0.9953, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/referent', 'display_name': 'Referent', 'score': 0.83378804}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777096784', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3826351', 'display_name': 'Referent', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.83378804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778551981', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36224', 'display_name': 'Pronoun', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.83304226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6533522}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56890446}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.538121}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C511192102', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948', 'display_name': 'Comprehension', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5111516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780861071', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934', 'display_name': 'Character (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47373855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C527412718', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395', 'display_name': 'Interpretation (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.464369}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777267654', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023', 'display_name': 'Test (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46255675}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134537474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832', 'display_name': 'Naturalness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4202617}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35593253}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1333482}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2014.946847', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S181779256', 'display_name': 'Discourse Processes', 'issn_l': '0163-853X', 'issn': ['0163-853X', '1532-6950'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5', 'display_name': 'Gender equality', 'score': 0.54}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 59, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1492002839', 'https://openalex.org/W1516278484', 'https://openalex.org/W1546645302', 'https://openalex.org/W1550690981', 'https://openalex.org/W1556417835', 'https://openalex.org/W1559852210', 'https://openalex.org/W1568886291', 'https://openalex.org/W1586232984', 'https://openalex.org/W161167887', 'https://openalex.org/W186667702', 'https://openalex.org/W1963636495', 'https://openalex.org/W1964248296', 'https://openalex.org/W1964313175', 'https://openalex.org/W1966006470', 'https://openalex.org/W1980859265', 'https://openalex.org/W1991145433', 'https://openalex.org/W1992567320', 'https://openalex.org/W1999739337', 'https://openalex.org/W2007195709', 'https://openalex.org/W2011105823', 'https://openalex.org/W2025341897', 'https://openalex.org/W2025606229', 'https://openalex.org/W2031878513', 'https://openalex.org/W2032152873', 'https://openalex.org/W2034268650', 'https://openalex.org/W2035060583', 'https://openalex.org/W2040025108', 'https://openalex.org/W2042891078', 'https://openalex.org/W2043360644', 'https://openalex.org/W2045183093', 'https://openalex.org/W2050178665', 'https://openalex.org/W2053165660', 'https://openalex.org/W2057474557', 'https://openalex.org/W2059086756', 'https://openalex.org/W2059648650', 'https://openalex.org/W2075806525', 'https://openalex.org/W2079833689', 'https://openalex.org/W2084776073', 'https://openalex.org/W2109235509', 'https://openalex.org/W2110639450', 'https://openalex.org/W2118938353', 'https://openalex.org/W2123113755', 'https://openalex.org/W2134066710', 'https://openalex.org/W2139243841', 'https://openalex.org/W2139875525', 'https://openalex.org/W2141845152', 'https://openalex.org/W2147973884', 'https://openalex.org/W2155923110', 'https://openalex.org/W2164307357', 'https://openalex.org/W2165683312', 'https://openalex.org/W2168961882', 'https://openalex.org/W2169421193', 'https://openalex.org/W2169985884', 'https://openalex.org/W2171255076', 'https://openalex.org/W2488512787', 'https://openalex.org/W2504559514', 'https://openalex.org/W4205468291', 'https://openalex.org/W4249067360', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W577453248', 'https://openalex.org/W3200929429', 'https://openalex.org/W2911294432', 'https://openalex.org/W2339713727', 'https://openalex.org/W2112143772', 'https://openalex.org/W2072686876', 'https://openalex.org/W2047321019', 'https://openalex.org/W2009408919', 'https://openalex.org/W2006006518', 'https://openalex.org/W2004222662'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'AbstractTwo': [0], 'experiments': [1], 'examine': [2], 'how': [3], 'men': [4, 74, 98], 'and': [5, 44, 90, 119, 143, 151, 185, 204], 'women': [6, 72, 93], 'interpret': [7, 32], 'pronouns': [8, 34, 47, 187], 'in': [9, 75, 116, 190, 220], 'discourse.': [10], 'Adults': [11], 'are': [12, 23, 94], 'known': [13, 113], 'to': [14, 31, 45, 54, 99, 138, 156, 218, 226], 'show': [15], 'a': [16, 67], 'strong': [17], '"first-mention': [18], 'bias":': [19], 'When': [20], 'two': [21, 42], 'characters': [22, 43], 'mentioned': [24], '(Michael': [25], 'played': [26], 'with': [27, 37, 178, 207], 'William…),': [28], 'comprehenders': [29], 'tend': [30], 'subsequent': [33], 'as': [35, 104], 'coreferential': [36], 'the': [38, 41, 55, 101, 105, 111, 121, 131, 153, 163, 179, 221], 'first': [39, 56, 112], 'of': [40], 'find': [46], 'more': [48, 95, 129], 'natural': [49], 'than': [50, 73, 97, 130], 'names': [51], 'for': [52, 71, 79, 146, 159, 166, 173, 216, 230], 'reference': [53, 117, 124], 'character.': [57], 'However,': [58], 'this': [59, 191, 193, 232], 'bias': [60, 70], 'is': [61, 126], 'not': [62, 201], 'absolute.': [63], 'Experiment': [64, 82, 167], '1': [65], 'demonstrates': [66], 'stronger': [68], 'first-mention': [69], 'their': [76, 147], 'naturalness': [77], 'ratings': [78], 'short': [80], 'stories.': [81], '2': [83], 'monitors': [84], 'eye': [85], 'movements': [86], 'during': [87], 'story': [88], 'comprehension': [89], 'finds': [91], 'that': [92, 123], 'likely': [96], 'consider': [100], 'first-mentioned': [102], 'character': [103], 'pronoun': [106], 'referent.': [107], 'These': [108], 'findings': [109], 'reveal': [110], 'gender': [114], 'difference': [115], 'processing': [118, 125], 'reinforce': [120], 'view': [122], 'driven': [127], 'by': [128, 239], 'discourse': [132], 'context': [133], 'alone.': [134], 'AcknowledgmentsI': [135], 'am': [136, 170], 'grateful': [137], 'Kellen': [139], 'Carpenter,': [140], 'Shin-Yi': [141], 'Lao,': [142], 'Cathleen': [144], 'Sparks': [145], 'help': [148, 161, 177], 'designing': [149], 'stimuli': [150, 165], 'administering': [152], 'tasks.': [154], 'Thanks': [155], 'Sarah': [157], 'Brown-Schmidt': [158], 'her': [160], 'creating': [162], 'visual': [164], '2.': [168], 'I': [169], 'also': [171], 'thankful': [172], 'Chris': [174], "Wiesen's": [175], 'patient': [176], 'statistical': [180], 'models.Notes1': [181], 'Although': [182], 'both': [183], 'male': [184], 'female': [186], 'were': [188], 'used': [189], 'task,': [192], 'variable': [194], 'cannot': [195], 'be': [196], 'analyzed': [197], 'because': [198], 'it': [199], 'was': [200, 205, 236], 'systematically': [202], 'manipulated': [203], 'confounded': [206], 'other': [208], 'item-specific': [209], 'properties.2': [210], 'A': [211], 'standardized': [212], 'aptitude': [213], 'test': [214], 'required': [215], 'application': [217], 'college': [219], 'United': [222], 'States.3': [223], 'Thank': [224], 'you': [225], 'an': [227], 'anonymous': [228], 'reviewer': [229], 'pointing': [231], 'out.Additional': [233], 'informationFundingThis': [234], 'research': [235], 'partially': [237], 'funded': [238], 'National': [240], 'Science': [241], 'Foundation': [242], 'grant': [243], 'BCS-0745627.': [244]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006530064', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T13:05:59.648854', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}